上海市松江区高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试卷

The effective communication ability for a writer is to get the knowledge out of his head and ____ readers’ heads.

We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _____ one this month.

The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _____ to arrive.

I want to be very careful to talk only about ____ we've formally tested.

____ I paid a visit to this scenic spot, I was deeply attracted by its beauty.

People pay ______as to the content of your speech.

_____ his ability of speech, he has made use of each chance.

You _____ tell him. He is fully aware of the danger.

. Don’t promise anything _____ you are one hundred percent sure.

He found that complex problems, especially those _____ abstract thinking, were best for picking out bright and dull students.

That is the man ____ house the police found the lost computer last week.

______ with severe drought in some areas, Chinese government is taking active measures to ensure people’s essential needs.

It is the experience he had as a boy ______ has formed his present personality.

There is no doubt ____ we will host the 2010 World Expo successfully.

Not only ____ at music, but also they are ready to help others. 

It ____ that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.

Section B:  Vocabulary
Directions: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box.
Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

F. simple        G. bought      H. ending         I. design       J. wonderful
Almost every day we come across situations in which we have to make decisions one way or another. Choice, we are given to believe, is a right. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, something __41__but hard to get, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, a false idea created by companies and advertisers hoping to sell their products.
The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly __42__. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, __43__in the costomer giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. Recent studies in England have shown that many electrical goods __44__ in almost every family are not __45__ needed. More difficult decision-making is then either avoided or trusted into the hands of the __46__, lifestyle instructors, or advisors.
It is not just the availability of the goods that is the problem, but the speed with which new types of products come on the market. Advances in __47__ and production help quicken the process. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The __48__ example is computers, which are almost out-of-date once they are bought. This indeed makes selection a problem. So gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing: no choice, no __49__.

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Nothing can better illustrate the failure of education in this country than the contrast between millions of college graduates finding it hard to get a proper job every year and the lack of workers in the more industrialized regions.
According to news from Dongguan (东莞), one of the __50__ manufacturing centers in the Pearl River Delta (珠江三角洲) region in South China, “over 90 percent” factories have said they are finding __51__ difficult to employ people from the second half of 2009, when the __52__ began picking up and overseas orders restarted pouring in. Running to full capacity seems a dream that the factories had__53__. 
An awkward reality is that only few, __54__, of the new college graduates could really fill the vacancies because the trainings they have received are entirely __55__ from the demands of the jobs. Nor will Chinese cities have enough workforce if they pursue a development model other than export-based manufacturing.
The __56__ for that is simple: The knowledge about management graduates gather is totally out of step with reality, __57__ of them can hardly express themselves in English or compose an email message properly, and __58__ handle even paper work in a law service with the legal knowledge they have.
I __59__ some college teachers, whom I went to college with, that the amount of time an average college student spends on studies today is less than half of what we __60__ in the late 1970s when proper college education was recovered after the “cultural revolution” (1966-76).
“They (the administrations) have enrolled so many students just to __61__ from their parents (tuition and other charges)”, one of the teachers said embarrassedly. “It's a nationwide phenomenon, you know.”
It is hard to believe that a country should not __62__ education so seriously when there are no longer as many young people as before and view its opportunities only in terms of immediate financial gains, which greatly affects the quality of education. __63__, vocational education faces a double threat: frequent ups and downs in the business cycle and that of a flooding of cheap college certificates.
It is __64__ in a country with rapid development in many fields to see little reform and progress in its education system. When colleges are reduced to money-making machines, they cannot help a society create enough workers, thinkers and leaders.
50. A. necessary                   B. key                          C. new                         D. remote
51. A. this                           B. that                         C. it                             D. as
52. A. economy                    B. country                    C. city                          D. industry
53. A. in the near future        B. at present time          C. from time to time      D. in the long past
54. A. and some                   B. but none                   C. if any                       D. because such
55. A. different                   B. same                        C. opposite                   D. similar
56. A. result                         B. method                    C. reason                      D. expectation
57. A. some                         B. most                        C. few                          D. all
58. A. can                            B. must                        C. can’t                        D. mustn’t
59. A. took from                  B. picked out                C. caught sight of          D. learned from
60. A. spent                         B. cost                         C. wasted                            D. detected
61. A. cost money                B. make money             C. create money            D. deal with
62. A. put                                   B. set                           C. make                       D. take
63. A. Although                   B. Besides                    C. However                  D. Therefore
64. A. common                    B. likely                       C. worthwhile               D. surprising

Section B
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery” — feeling important and worthwhile — and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”— finding life enjoyable — are not always the same. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children — what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.
Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.
The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.
A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles — marriages, motherhood, and employment — were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.
65. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.
A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”
B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”
C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time
D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women
66. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.
A. negative                   B. positive                    C. indifferent                D. realistic
67. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ________.
A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain
B. she will be more successful in her career
C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater
D. her life will be richer and more meaningful
68. Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?
A. Family life                                                  B. Multiple roles in society
C. Regular employment                                    D. Freedom from anxiety

Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history.  The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30. You can explore 10 departments including:
The Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas
The collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and date from this time.
The Department of Asia
The Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia – a vast geographical area of Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and South-East Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC, to the present day. It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.
The Department of Greek and Roman Empires
The Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.
69. The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and Americas doesn’t include______.
A. Africa B. Australia    C. the South America                   D. Britain
70. The earliest collection is from ______.
A. The Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas
B. The Department of Asia
C. The Department of Greek and Roman Empires
D. All of the above
71. The Department of Asia represents ______.
A. the geographic features of Asia
B. the relationships between Asian countries
C. the life styles and cultural traditions of some peoples
D. the cultural fights between some native groups

It is one of the greatest mysteries of nature. In case you haven’t noticed, all living things follow very definite, individual rhythms, all as regular as a clock, but what makes them regular?
Though many scientists maintain that these rhythms are the result of some outside force like gravity or radiation or both, the results of most scientific researches agree with other scientists who believe that each living thing has its own built-in biological “time clock.”
Take the mystery of migration for example. Scientists can’t really explain why many species of birds migrate in the autumn even though the temperature is still summery. The birds just seem to snub the comfortable weather that they are having. When a certain time comes, they travel south by the thousand. In spring time, they migrate northwards even though there probably is snow still covering the ground when they finally arrive. Something said “go,” and they did.
Animals that hibernate (冬眠) are obeying individual time clocks, too. When their clock indicates the time to take a winter’s nap, they do, and nothing can stop them. At a certain time in the spring, they wake up and come out regardless of the weather outside.
Plants appear to have yearly rhythms, such as the sprouting of seeds, and they also have daily rhythms. Notice sometimes that plants raise their leaves in daylight and lower them at night.
If you live along the California coast, you can easily observe a demonstration of this mysterious clock functioning regularly. There, from February to September, the highest tides occur exactly every fourteen and four-fifths days, and during these high tides, but at no other time, small silvery fish called grunions surf-ride a wave to the beach. There the female deposits her eggs in the sand and the male fertilizes them; then both hitch a wave-ride back to the sea. Exactly fourteen and four-fifths days later, never before or after, the tiny eggs hatch, and the high tide carries the new babies out to sea.
72. According to the passage, the mysterious rhythms result from ______.
A. the influence of gravity on living species
B. the effect of radiation on living species
C. the influence of a mysterious outer force on living species
D. the internal mechanism inside the living species
73. The underlined word “snub” in the third paragraph probably means ______.
A. fight   B. ignore C. symbolize   D. criticize
74. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Hibernating animals are obeying an internal time clock.
B. The positioning of the leaves of some plants is due to the daily rhythms.
C. The internal clock functioning is demonstrated in the reproducing habits of grunions. 
D. The yearly hibernation is more because of the weather influence than the biological functioning.
75. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the rhythms of life  
B. the reasons of mysterious hibernation
C. strange behaviors of species     
D. the timing for different events in the world of species

Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
(D)
A. the future of computer-human relationship
B. the programming system of the computer
C. the reason of the complexity of the human brain
D. the possibility of a real supercomputer
E. the way for computers to kill humans
F. the shortages of the computer compared with a human brain
76. ____________________
The difference between a human brain and a computer is more complicated than we can imagine. The large mammalian brain is the most complicated thing, for its size. Though the human brain only weighs three pounds, in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billion cells. The many billions of cells are interconnected in such a vastly complicated network that we can’t begin to explore as yet.
77. ____________________
Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can’t compare with the brain.  Computer switches and processes number in the millions rather than in the billions. What’s more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain cell is itself possessed of a complex structure.
78. ____________________
It’s frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are “programmed” to do so. They can only do what men have them do, in which way it is like the human brain. We can also do what we are “programmed” to do. Our genes “program” us the instant the zygote (授精卵) is formed, and our potentialities are limited by that “program.”
79. ____________________
Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as people.  If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be the replacement of a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do. Then the real supercomputer comes along.
80. ____________________
In other words, once we pass a certain critical point, the computers will gain a dominating position and present a complexity explosion. In a very short time thereafter, computers may exist not only taking after the human brain, but far passing it. When the time comes, we might as well step aside and hand over all our work to them and really have them serve us.

Section D
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion—a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic functions would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no motivation to work. In fact, there would be no motivation of any kind. For as we will see, motivation implies a capacity to enjoy certain activties.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us—hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals when performing important tasks.
81. According to the passage, the concept of right or wrong comes from ____________.
___________________________________________________________________________________
82. Emotions are significant for man’s survival because ____________.
___________________________________________________________________________________
83. What would an emotionless world lack?
___________________________________________________________________________________
84. What is the result of the absence of emotion?
___________________________________________________________________________________

第II卷
I. Translation 
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 这美丽的风景是无法描述的。（beyond）
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. 日常运动对保持身体健康很重要。（play）
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. 宇航员们曾尝试在太空种植西红柿。(attempt v.)
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. 那位科学家认为还要好几年这个理论才能付诸于实践。(before)
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. 正是由于他利用各种机会用英语交流，才使他的英语水平有了很大提高。（It… that…)
___________________________________________________________________________________

II. Guided Writing  
Directions: Write an English composition in 120～150 words according to the situation given.
假设你是Peter Smith，请给学生会写封建议书，并说出你建议的理由。
(附学生会的倡议书)
Dear Friends,
Spring is in the air on campus. Everything has come back to life. What should we do to add color to the surroundings? What is in your mind to change our dull school life? We are waiting for your suggestions.
The Students’ Union