The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers. Before   36    this question, it will be useful to introduce some   37  concepts. Conflict,  38   as opposition among  social units-or individuals-directed against one another, is  39 from competition, which    40   opposition among social units   41  seeking to obtain something which is   42   inadequate supply. Competitors may not know about one another, which those who   43  in a conflict do. Conflict and competition are both   44   of opposition. The meaning of opposition has been stated as a process by which social unit function in the disservice of one another, opposition is   45  contrasted to cooperation, a   46   by which social units function in the service of one another. These   47   are necessary because it is important to emphasize that    competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited   48  , but conflict isn’t . Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur and is probably an essential and desirable   49  of human societies.
Many authors have 50 their arguments that war cannot be avoided on the idea that in the struggle for existence among groups of animals, only those which are best 51 remain alive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Those who fail in this competition 52 starve
to death or are 53 by other types of animals. This struggle for 54 is not similar to human war, but is like the competition of 55 for jobs, markets, and materials. The most important quality of this struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are not enough to satisfy all.
36.A.considering    B.solving C.answering    D.saying 
37.A.related    B.used     C.translated    D.sacred 
38.A.specified B.remarked     C.defined       D.claimed      
39.A.variable  B.distinguished      C.various D.isolated      
40.A.acknowledged       B.denies  C.assumes       D.means 
41.A.critically B.approximately     C.independently     D.costly 
42.A.on   B.for       C.with     D.in
43.A.enter      B.participate   C.fall      D.involve      
44.A.formations     B.classes  C.terms   D.reactions    
45.A.nevertheless   B.however      C.thus     D.maybe
46.A.procession     B.standard      C.process D.measurement     
47.A.accounts B.definitions   C.descriptions D.explanations      
48.A.resources       B.origins C.sources D.materials    
49.A.matter    B.element       C.event   D.coincidence
50.A.concentrated  B.fixed    C.centered      D.based  
51.A.encouraged    B.accepted      C.adapted       D.adopted      
52.A.not only B.either   C.neither D.both   
53.A.killed     B.raised   C.fired    D.surrounded 
54.A.resistence       B.privilege     C.favour  D.employment      
55.A.workers  B.officials      C.individuals  D.residents