Ⅰ   语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分．满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A land free from destruction（毁灭，破坏）, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply ——  all these were important  1       in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.  2        they were not enough. Something else was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men ——  3       individuals who could invent machines, find new 4       of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who created the machines of the Industrial Revolution  5      from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were  6        inventors than scientists. A man who is a pure scientist is primarily interested in doing his research  7        .He is not necessarily working  8       that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is all trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by  9        the theories  10        science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a   11       result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb（灯泡）, or one of  12       other objectives. Most of the people who  13        the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had little or no training in science might not have made their inventions  14       a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 15      .
1. A. cases              B. reasons             C. factors                   D. situations
2. A. But                           B. And                 C. Besides                  D. Even
3. A. generating          B. effective           C. motivating             D. creative
4. A. origins                      B. sources             C. bases                   D. discoveries
5. A. came               B. arrived             C. stemmed                D. appeared
6. A. less                           B. better                    C. more                  D. worse
7. A. happily                     B. occasionally      C. reluctantly             D. accurately
8. A. now                          B. and                  C. all                         D. so
9. A. planning                   B. using                C. idea                     D. means
10. A. of                             B. with                 C. to                          D. as
11. A. single                 B. sole                  C. specialized             D. specific
12. A. few                          B. those              C. many                   D. all
13. A. proposed                   B. developed       C. supplied                 D. offered
14. A. as                             B. if                   C. because                  D. while
15. A. ago                           B. past                C. ahead                    D. before