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Nelson Mandela, former South African president, was born in an African royal family on July 18, 1918. His great-grandfather was a king and his f   was a clan chief(部落酋长) . But Mandela chose a life path of revolution(革命) i    of royalty(皇室成员). At that time, South Africa was ruled by racism(种族主义). In 1948, the government passed a law that stopped black people from l     or traveling where they wanted. Black people didn’t have the right(权利) to v    , either. Mandela didn’t think that was r   . He organized many campaigns against it. Because of this, in 1962, he was a   . He spent 27 years in prison. A   he was set free in 1990, he chose to forgive his enemies. He shook hands with the people who wanted him d    . He also encouraged black people to forgive whites. His efforts won himself the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 and a year later, for the first time in South Africa’s history, black people stood in line with whites to vote. Mandela, at the age of 75, b     the first black president of South Africa. On Dec 5, Mandela p   away at the age of 95.