Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfishbehavior when they are watched. Do you?
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause achange in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity do-nation, a collection box encourages people to be unselfish, becausepeople put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyeson it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbachof the University of Berlin, the authorsof a new study, found that people actbetter when they are being watched be-cause they feel they will be rewardedfor good behavior. Their report also referred to other research showing thatthis response of behaving well whenwatched is somehowcoded into humans and people respond thisway unconsciously, or without realizing it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are beingwatched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. Whenother fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposedto be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to be-have in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could bethe reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On itwas a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption " I Want You. " It encouraged hundreds of thou-sands of young American men to join the army during the SecondWorld War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
According to the report, why does a person behave better whenhe feels he is being watched?

A．He does not want to be shamed by others.

B．He needs to show he is a good person.

C．He desires others to like him more.

D．He feels he will receive some social reward.

The underlined word "coded” (Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________.

A．hidden	B．programmed
C．forgotten	D．leaned

What is the text mainly about?

A．It describes changed behavior when observed.

B．It details ways to control people's behavior.

C．It tells how to make people work harder.

D．It discusses different advertising methods.

According to the text, which of the following statements is true?

A．People pretend to behave better when they are watched.

B．Fish bite other fish in a fish tank when they are alone.

C．People donate more money when they feel they are watched.

D．Soldiers fought better during World War II because of a poster.

Where would the study described in the text most likely befound?

A．In a newspaper.	B．In a scientific journal.
C．In an advertising magazine.	D．In a science textbook.