阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently a new science behind incentives（激励）,   _  （include） in education, has been discussed．For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children  _  （do） better in school．___  some cases, he gave students incentives based on input（输入）, like reading certain books, while in   ___, the incentives     （base） on output, like results on exams．His main   ___  （find） was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output．Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be    ____（effect） because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”．Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over    __  they have much more control．
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have  __  much higher chance of success．And it’s easier to start again  _   you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do．