SECTION C （共8小题；每小题 1.5分，满分12分）
Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently,side effects are also enormous.
To begin, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged  examination results, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques. No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations. In addition, the most undesirable effect isexaminations encourage bad study habits. Asexamination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically ratherto think creatively.
In fact, fewus admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. If that is the case,cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?