初中英语语言知识试题

	Autumn is the best season for crabs． The hairy crabs （大闸蟹）are quite fat and tasty at this time of year． The best crabs come from Yangcheng Lake in Jiangsu． Many people use eight silver tools including chopsticks， a pair of scissors and a small hammer （锤子）to eat crab meat．
	Caviar （鱼子酱）is not common in most people's daily life． But if you're going to try it， Russian caviar may be your best choice． Caviar is made of fish eggs． It sells at a high price． If you want to get the fresh juicy taste， don't cook it ﹣just eat rawcaviar． You may also eat it with bread and salad．
	Who says the British only have fish and chips？ Beef Wellington is a dish that they can truly be proud of． An expensive cut of beef is covered with a mixture first． Next comes another piece of ham （火腿） and pastry （面糊）．Then it is covered with eggs． Baked （烘焙） until it is golden yellow， beef Wellington tastes crispy outside and juicy inside．
	Sukiyaki （寿喜锅），or Japanese beef hot pot， is one of the most popular dishes in Japan． People cook beef and vegetables in soup with sweet and salty tastes． It is a perfect dinner for family or to enjoy with guests． In Sukiyaki， you need thin pieces of beef． The best is the Kobe beef． It's very expensive but amazing．

（1）The best season to enjoy the hairy crabs is 　 　．

A．	spring
B．	summer
C．	autumn
D．	winter

（2）The underlined word "raw" means 　 　．

A．	clean
B．	dry
C．	cold
D．	uncooked

（3）There is beef in 　　．

A．	the hairy crabs and caviar
B．	Sukiyaki and beef Wellington
C．	caviar and Sukiyaki
D．	beef Wellington and the hairy crabs

（4）The four foods in the passage come from 　 　countries．

A．	one
B．	two
C．	three
D．	four

（5）Which of the following is Right？ 　 　

A．	Crabs come from Yangcheng Lake．
B．	Caviar is common in most people's daily life．
C．	Beef Wellington is the pride of British people．
D．	Sukiyaki is a perfect dish only for family．

Lang Ping who is called "Iron Hammer" （铁榔头） helped China win Olympic women's volleyball gold medals in Los Angeles 1984 and Rio de Janeiro 2016． To her fans' happiness， she was chosen to be the chief coach of the Chinese national team．

Lang Ping became the first person to win a volleyball gold medal as a coach and player． Her Chinese team beat the Serbians by 19 ﹣ 25，25﹣ 17，25 ﹣ 22，25 ﹣ 23 in the Rio de Janeiro championship match． Everyone cheered and was proud of the team．

Lang Ping always challenges her players to find ways to improve sills． She is very strict with them．But she also takes good care of them to reduce their burdenlike a mother at the same time．

To get ready for the Tokyo Olympic Games， Lang Ping tries her best to make plans for the team． "I'm looking for new talents and the whole team would start a new journey． I will concentrate on the team direction and training young coaches． We'll never give up，" said Lang Ping．

We should remember that every great team has a great coach． And the fighting spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team needs to be passed down generation after generation．

（1）China won Olympic women's volleyball gold medals after beating 　　in 2016．

A．	Russians
B．	Serbians
C．	Englishmen

D． Brazilians

（2）What's the meaning of the underlined word "burden"？ 　　

A．	喜悦．
B．	体验．
C．	伤病．
D．	负担．

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ 　　

A．	Lang Ping pays less attention to the team direction．
B．	Lang Ping is the first coach of the Chinese women's volleyball team．
C．	Lang Ping always cares for the women's volleyball team members．
D．	Chinese women's volleyball team only won the Olympic gold medals in 2016．

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？ 　　

A．	A great volleyball coach．
B．	How to play volleyball well．
C．	Chinese women's volleyball team．
D．	The fighting spirit of the Chinese women's volleyball team．

Safety is very important to everyone． As a teenager， do you know how to protect yourself in different situations？

If there is a warning sign near the water， don't go into it． Only swim in the area where there is a lifeguard． Never swim alone． When you see someone drowning（湖水）， never jump into the water if you can't swim． Remember to ask adults for help in time． When you go boating， you must wear a life vest（救生衣）．

Some strangers may give you snacks or other things to show kindness． They may also invite you to his or her home， offer you a ride， or ask you for detailed information about you or your family． Say no to themand leave as fast as you can． If you find yourself in danger， shout "Help!" loudly or find out a safe way to get help． The strangers around you， such as the police a security guard（保安）， a shop assistant or even a passer ﹣ by can help you．

Stay away from places that are very crowded． Once you go， watch out your feet and avoid falling down． When people around begin to push， try to stand sill and never push harder． If you fall down in the moving crowd， cover your head with both hands． Lean（倚靠） to one side， and curl up（蜷起） your body．

（1）When someone drowns， you should 　　．

A．	run away at once
B．	call other children for help
C．	ask adults for help in time
D．	jump into the water directly even if you can't swim

（2）What does the underlined word "them" refer to？ 　　

A．	Strangers．
B．	Friends．
C．	Your family．
D．	The police．

（3）Which is NOT mentioned in the passage？ 　　

A．	Water Safety．
B．	Meeting strangers．
C．	Traffic accidents．
D．	Avoiding getting hurt in a crowd，

（4）The passage may be from 　　．

A．	a fashion magazine
B．	a newspaper
C．	a business ad
D．	a fiction book

One windy day in June， Fourth Class took the train to Chinatown． We had begun to learn Putonghua and our teacher said this excursionwould let us practice our language skills and learn more about Chinese culture．

We entered Chinatown through the arched （拱形的） entrance gate with red painted wooden pillars （柱子）． Big stone lions sat on each side． Then I noticed that the street signs were written in both Chinese and English． I photographed the sign for Hay Street．

The next place we visited was the Chinese Garden of Friendship which was very peaceful． There were waterfalls， hidden stone paths and a beautiful teahouse． We had a wonderful time there．

At last it was time for our Chinese lunch． We entered a big restaurant that had red lanterns hanging from the roof and red dragons on the walls． The waiters greeted us in Putonghua and we answered them in Putonghua． We were shown how to use chopsticks and how to choose from the menus with Chinese writing．

At 2：30 we left Chinatown．We were all very tired．On the train，our teacher told us her experience in China．She was just back from seeing the Great Wall of China．It's like a long dragon winding its way．We were told it is the longest wall in the world． As we were listening， one student， who I couldn't name， fell asleep on the train and snored loudly． His face turned red when he woke up!

In the past， I often told my Chinese classmates how to speak English． Now there are more people than ever who are studying Chinese． I can understand why﹣ it's a fascinating language，and there are always new words to be discovered! I cannot forget our excursion to Chinatown．Tom Green， Fourth Class

（1）The underlined word "excursion" in Paragraph 1 means 　　．

A．	train
B．	trip
C．	place
D．	day

（2）What was the first thing connected with Chinese culture that the students saw in Chinatown？ 　　

A．	The beautiful teahouse．
B．	Chopsticks used in the restaurant．
C．	The street signs written in both Chinese and English．
D．	The arched entrance gate with stone lions on each side．

（3）The color red is mentioned four times in the text． Which example is different from the others？ 　　

A．	The red painted pillars of the entrance gate．
B．	The red dragons in the restaurant．
C．	The red lanterns in the restaurant．
D．	The student's red face．

（4）What is the main purpose of this text？ 　　

A．	To describe Chinese culture．
B．	To describe Tom's favorite Chinese meals．
C．	To retell what happened on Tom's trip to Chinatown．
D．	To give information about Chinese eating customs．

There were two men who lived next to each other． One of them was a retired teacher and the other was a businessman． Both of them had planted many plants in their gardens． The retired teacher seldom watered his plants and didn't pay a lot of attention to them． But his neighbor was very careful with his plants and watered them often．

The retired teacher's plants were small， but still looked okay， while the businessman's plants were much bigger and greener． One night， there came a storm with a heavy rain and strong wind． The next morning， both of the neighbors came out to check in their gardens． The businessman saw that his plants had come out from the earth and were totally out of life． But the retired teacher's plants nicely stood where they were．

The businessman was surprised． He went to consult （咨询） the retired teacher． "We both grew the same plants and I cared for my plants better than you did． How could your plants still be okay？"

The retired teacher smiled and said， because you gave your plants too much attention．You made it too easy for them to grow． I gave my plants just a little bit of water， so they had to

grow deeper to absorb（吸收）more water． That is why my plants survived．"

（1）What did the retired teacher do with his plants？ 　　

A．	He often watered his plants．
B．	He was careful with his plants
C．	He paid little attention to his plants
D．	He never watered his plants

（2）How were the businessman's plants before the storm？ 　　

A．	They looked better than the teachers
B．	They looked worse than the teacher 's
C．	They grew shorter and thinner．
D．	They looked the same as the teachers

（3）The underlined word"survived"means 　　in Chinese．

A．	生长
B．	存活
C．	枯萎
D．	茂盛

（4）Which of the following is NOT true？ 　　

A．	The neighbors had different jobs．
B．	The teacher's plants were still good after a storm．
C．	The businessman looked after his plants worse than the teacher．
D．	The businessman was surprised to find his plants dead after the storm．

（5）Which is the best title for this passage？ 　　

A．	a businessman and his plants
B．	Different treat the same result
C．	A retired teacher and his plants
D．	Different treat

The pencil is a very simple object． However， it took hundreds of people over centuries to make it what it's like today．

The story of the pencil starts with graphite（ 石墨）． People cut it into small sticks and use them to write or draw． Around 1560， an Italian couple named Simoni and Lyndiana Bemacotti added wood holders to the graphite sticks． However， since the graphite is too soft， the pencils were easy to break．In 1795， in France， Nicolas﹣Jaoques Conte worked out a method of mixing graphite powders with clay（黏土）． In this way， people made strong pencil core（铅笔芯）， To this day， the method is still used in making pencils．

It was Henry David Thoreau who came up with the grading scale（分级量表） for different hardnesses of pencils． It was graded one through four， and grade two is the proper hardness for general use． The softer the pencil is， the more graphite it has in it， and the darker the line is． The harder the pencil is， the more clay it has， and the lighter the line is． Nowadays， pencils marked 2B are usually used in exams to mark answers． Pencils marked HB are usually used in daily writing．People usually use pencils of different hardness and blackness to draw different parts of a picture．

When pencils were handmade， they were made round． Then an American Joseph Dixon developed machines to make pencils． Later people found out itwas easier and less wasteful to make a pencil which has six sides．

There is a pencil for everyone and every pencil has a story． The Blackwing 602 is famous for being used by a lot of writers， And then， you have the Dixon pencil company． It's what people think of when they think of a pencil and what they most probably will buy when their children are about to write．

In my opinion， there's nothing that can be done to make the pencil better than it is．

根据短文内容选择最佳选项．

（1）Who improved the hardness of pencils？ 　　

A．	Joseph Dixon．
B．	Nicolas﹣Jacques
C．	Henry David Thoreau．
D．	Simoni and Lyndiana Bemacotti．

（2）What can we lean about pencils？ 　　

A．	Pencils of great hardness are less useful．
B．	Their hardness and blackness decide their uses．
C．	Round pencils were first made by machines．
D．	Pencils with six sides are comfortable to use．

（3）What does Paragraph5 tell us？ 　　

A．	Pencils are the best writing tool．
B．	There are many kinds of pencils．
C．	The Blackwing 602 is very expensive．
D．	Dixon pencils are popular with people

（4）What does the underlined word"it " mean in Paragraph 4？ 　　

A．	The grading scale．
B．	The story of the pencil．
C．	To make the pencil round．
D．	To make a pencil which has six sides．

（5）What's the text mainly about？ 　　

A．	The development of pencils．
B．	The main inventors of pencils．
C．	What pencils are made out of．
D．	Why pencils are widely used．

One day a young man was standing in a crowded place， shouting that he had the most beautiful heart in the world． Most of the people who saw his heart were amazed at the beauty of his heart． It had no little flaw（瑕疵）．

Suddenly， an old man appeared and said，"Oh， my son， your heart is not as beautiful as mine．"

The old man showed his heart to the young man． It was beating strongly， but full of scars． It had places where pieces had been removed and other pieces put in． But they didn' t fit quite right， and there were gaps and rough（崎岖不平的） edges． Some places had never been filled in．

The young man laughed，"My dear old man，_______ Comparing your heart with mine， mine is perfect and yours is full of scars．"

The old man said， "Dear boy， my heart is just as beautiful as your heart． You see each scar shows where I have given my love． Sometimes people give me a piece of their heart back， and it fills the space as best it can． Other times， I give my love and get nothing in return． Those are the empty spaces． They hurt， but they show me that I can love and love again．"

The young man stood still． His eyes were filled with tears． He walked up to the old man， tore a piece of his heart and gave the piece to the old man．

The old man placed it in his heart， and then took a piece from his old scarred heart and placed it in the wound in the young man's heart．

The young man looked at his heart， not perfect any more but more beautiful than ever．

（1）The underlined word " scar" means" 　　"in Chinese．

A．	疤痕
B．	隔阂
C．	斑点
D．	补丁

（2）Which of the following can be put in" 　　"？

A．	I quite agree with you！
B．	it's against the rules！
C．	are you joking？
D．	what can I do for you？

（3）How did the young man feel after he heard what the old man said？ 　　

A．	Surprised．
B．	Touched．
C．	Nervous．
D．	Proud．

（4）what does the story want to tell us？ 　　

A．	We should be proud of who we are．
B．	We shouldn't think too much of ourselves．
C．	Nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it．
D．	Give our love， though we sometimes get nothing in return．

（5）What's the best title for the passage？ 　　

A．	A Broken Heart
B．	The Most Beautiful Heart
C．	A Wise Old Man
D．	What is True Love？

Maybe a lot of thin people will be worried about their health if the inside fat matters．

Some doctors now think that the inside fat around important organslike the heart or liver could be as dangerous as the outside fat which can be noticed more easily．

"Being thin doesn' t surely mean you are not fat，"said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College．Since 1994，Bell and his team have tested nearly 800people with MRI to create "fat maps" showing where people store fat．

According to the result，people who keep their weight through the food they usually eat rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits （堆积物） of inside fat，even if they are thin．

Even people with normal Body Mass Index （体重指数） scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside．Of the women，as many as 45percent of those with normal BMI scores （20to 25）actually had too high levels of inside fat．Men were nearly 60percent．

According to Bell，people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat．They eat too many fatty and sugary foods，but they are not eating enough to be fat．Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the stomach first，but at some point，the body may start storing it elsewhere．

Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of inside fat，but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes （糖尿病）．They want to prove that inside fat does harm to the body' s communication systems．

The good news is that inside fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your eating habits．"If you want to be healthy，there is no other way．Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle，"Bell said．

（1）What is this piece of news mainly about？ 　　

A．	Thin people may be fat inside．
B．	How to deal with inside fat．
C．	Inside fat leads to many diseases．
D．	Thin people also have troubles．

（2）What does the underlined word " organs"in the second paragraph mean？ 　　

A．	地位
B．	地方
C．	器官
D．	肝脏

（3）Doctors have found 　　．

A．	the exact dangers of inside fat
B．	being thin doesn' t mean you are not fat inside
C．	being thin is not dangerous at all
D．	inside fat is the cause of heart disease and diabetes

（4）According to the passage，which of the following is wrong？ 　　

A．	Exercise can help to reduce the inside fat．
B．	People can reduce inside fat by improving their eating habits．
C．	Women have more chances to have too much inside fat．
D．	Not all the people who look thin are really thin inside．

（5）From the last paragraph，we can find that 　　．

A．	it is true that inside fat can lead to disease
B．	exercise plays an important role in people' s life for keeping healthy
C．	thin people usually have inside fat even if they are thin
D．	it is easier to burn off inside fat than outside fat

One day， as two little boys were walking along the road， they passed a woman carrying a large basket of apples．

The boys thought the woman looked very pale and tired， so they said， "Are you going to town？ If you are， we will carry your basket．" "Thank you，" replied the woman， Then she told them that she had a disabled son． She lived in a small house three miles away， and was now going to the market to sell the apples which grew on the only tree in her little garden． She needed the money for their living．

"We are going the same way you are，" said the boys and they took hold of the basket， one on each side， and trudged along with merry hearts． The poor woman looked glad， and said that she hoped their mother would not be angry with them． "Oh， no，" they replied， "our mother has taught us to be kind to others， and to be useful in any way that we can．"

The woman then offered to give them a few apples for their help． "No， thank you． We want nothing for what we have done，" said the boys． When the woman got home， she told her son what had happened on the road， and they were both made happier that day by the kindness of the two boys．

Another day， the woman saw his son stop and pick up a piece of orange peel， which he threw into the dustbin． "I wish people would not throw orange peel on the sidewalk，" said the son． "Someone may walk upon it， and fall．" "That is right， my dear，" she said． "It is a little thing for you to do what you have done， but it shows that you're thoughtful and considerate．"

（1）Why did the two boys help the woman carry the basket？____

A．	They wanted to eat some apples．
B．	Their teacher told them to do that．
C．	Their mother taught them to be helpful．
D．	They were asked by the woman to help her．

（2）Which of the following sentences is True？____

A． The woman had a lot of apple trees in her garden．

B． Everyone can begin with small things to help others．

C． The woman didn't have money to send her son to school．

D． Poor people were in need of more help than rich people．

（3）In the third paragraph， the underlined word "trudged" is close in meaning to____．

A．	walked
B．	danced
C．	Jumped
D．	climbed

（4）What can be a title for the passage？____

A．	A Basket of Apples
B．	Mot her and Her Son
C．	Small Act of Kindness
D．	On the Way to the Town

Many things around us may affect our feelings and moods． such as colors， weather， rews and the environment． I believe that it is important to keep a good mood as much as possible in our life． As the saying goes， "Pleasure is health． "

First， keeping a good mood is good for getting along well with others． All of us need  friends and we all like to make friends with those who are always happy．Tell them about what  you think and how you feel． Try to get help from them．

Second， keeping a good mood is good for our mental （心理的） health． In other words， keeping a good mood is keeping a positive attitude．

Besides， keeping a good mood is a good way to develop our potential． If we can keep a good mood or keep a positive attitude when we meet with some problems on the road to success， we will still be hard﹣working and confident in ourselves all the time．

Finally， keeping a good mood is good for work and study． Keeping a good mood make us work or study better． Therefore， keeping a good mood is very important in our life． No matter how things will  go， how the future will be， we should learn to take care of ourselves and keep a good mood．be  confident and work hard．

（1）According to the passage， keeping a good mood is good for the following items

Except ___.

A．	A getting along well with others
B．	keeping a positive attitude
C．	work and study
D．	making more money

（2）What does the underlined word"potential" mean in Chinese？____

A．	想法
B．	心理
C．	潜能
D．	思维

（3）Which of the following behaviors can be called "positive attitude"？____

A．	You plan to go climbing， but it keeps raining and you shout， "I hate the rain!"
B．	Someone runs into you by accident and you say，"Are you blind？"
C．	You fail an exam and you tell yourself，"I'll work harder and do well next time．"
D．	You miss your train and you tell yourself．"Oh， this is really unlucky! "

It was a Christmas night． I was an unlucky nurse who had to work on such a beautiful festival． When I was complaining（抱怨）about it， three people appeared at my desk ﹣ a tired woman and two children．

"Are you all sick？" I asked doubtfully because they seemed all right．

"Yes，" the woman answered weakly and lowered her head．

But when they started to present their problems， things became unclear． One child had a fever， but his temperature was OK． The other child had an earache， but she could not tell me which ear hurt． It seemed that the mother was pretending to cough．

Something was wrong．But I only explained that it might take a while before a doctor could meet them． "Take your time， please，" said the mother． I checked their charts ﹣ no address． Suddenly I knew， they were homeless while the hospital was warm．

The family huddled（蜷缩）together under the Christmas tree， smiling and talking with each other sweetly． Quietly， I went back to the nurses' station and told them what happened in the waiting room． It was just like God sending us a gift on Christmas Day． The nurses' station suddenly came back to life． All the nurses went into action for "a Christmas emergency（急诊）"．

We took out our meals for our Christmas "patients"． We also put together oranges and apples as presents． We tried to exceedthe needs of a family who only wanted a warm place on Christmas night．Later， the little girl kissed me and said， "Thanks for being our angel（天使）．"

根据短文内容选择最佳答案

（1）Before the family appeared in the hospital， the writer was very 　　．

A．	proud
B．	unhappy
C．	pleased
D．	happy

（2）The family came to the hospital because 　　．

A．	they came to visit a patient
B．	they were all sick
C．	they were homeless
D．	the children were sick

（3）The nurses offered the family meals and gifts in order to 　　．

A．	make them feel at home
B．	make them leave
C．	make them feel upset
D．	make them unhappy

（4）What does the underlined word "exceed " in this passage mean？ 　　

A．	降低
B．	超出
C．	拒绝
D．	支付

（5）From the story， we learn that 　　．

A．	homeless people often tell lies
B．	a hospital is a good place to spend Christmas night
C．	we should always be friendly and kind to those in need
D．	the writer was unlucky

Nowadays more and more children seem to get lost in a"sea of digital （数字）technology"．As they use digital technology too much，they are losing their ability to do simple things．They can't make toys themselves with hands or help Mum cook dinner．And worst of all，they seem to be losing interest in communicating with others．

"I have talked with a number of teachers．They care about the increasing numbers of young pupils who can play with computers or smart phones，but have few or no skills to play with making things，"daid a teacher，Colin Kinney．Many pupils can't communicate with other pupils but their parents talk proudly of their ability to use a computer or a smart phone．

Instead of playing with other children，more and more children are choosing to stay indoors and quietly play on a tablet （平板电脑）on weekends and after school．How can a child grow up to be a very good artist if he doesn't learn how to use a paintbrush and develop his painting skill？How can a child learn to make friends as he gets older if he doesn't learn to communicate with others at a young age？

Digital technology can be used for good or bad．We can use a stone to either break a window or build a house．We shouldn't blamethe children．We should help them make right choices．It is certainly necessary for children to know how to use digital technology in today's world，but what is more important，we should encourage them to develop social abilities，which will do them good when they grow up．

41．What's the worst problem that is mentioned in the first paragraph？ 　　

A．	Children can't make things themselves．
B．	Children make too many friends on line，
C．	Children don't want to communicate with others．
D．	Children don't like helping Mum cook meals at home．

42．According to Colin Kinney，which of the following is TRUE？ 　　

A．	Teacbers don't notice that young pupils have few skills to make things．
B．	Many parents are very happy that their kids can use digital technology．
C．	Many teachers don't care if young pupils can play computers or tablets．
D．	Some Parents are worried that their kids use digital technology too much．

43．What do many young children choose to do on weekends and after school？ 　　

A．	To play on a tablet indoors．
B．	B，To paint with their paintbrushes．
C．	To play with other children．
D．	To make friends with other children．

44．What does the underlined word"blame"mean in Chinese？ 　　

A．	表扬
B．	原谅
C．	评价
D．	责怪

45．What does the writer mainly want to tell us？ 　　

A．	It's very important for children to have social skills．
B．	It's very helpful for children to do some housework．
C．	It's necessary for parents to learn to use digital technology．
D．	It's difficult for teachers to make right choices for their pupils．

Lab work is fun but you must be careful．Listen carefully when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lab lesson．

LAB RULES
Throughout the lessons	*Do not enter the science lab without the teacher's permission（允许）． *No food or drinks are to be allowed in the science lab．
Before the Experiment	*Read all instructions carefully before every experiment（实验）． *Prepare all apparatus（仪器）and put them in right places so that you will not knock them over while doing the experiment．
During the Experiment	*If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus or how to operate，ask your teacher for help． *Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission．
After the Experiment	*Wash all apparatus after use and return them to the places where they were． *Throw waste materials into proper waste baskets．
First Aid	*Report all accidents to your teacher immediately． *If you spillany chemicals onto your body or clothing，wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher．

（1）You must know the LAB RULES 　 　the first lab lessons．

A．	before
B．	since
C．	during
D．	after

（2）It is necessary for you to 　 　before every experiment．

A．	read all instructions carefully
B．	take enough food and drinks
C．	smell chemicals immediately
D．	talk with your classmates．

（3）If you are not sure of how to use any apparatus， 　 　．

A．	read the rules carefully
B．	try them again and again
C．	ask your teacher for help
D．	return all apparatus to the places where they were

（4）The underlined word "spill" means 　 　．

A．	照射
B．	伤害
C．	摔下
D．	溅出

（5）When you are in the science lab，you mustn't 　 　．

A．	be careful in order to prevent injury
B．	listen carefully when your teacher explains the rules
C．	taste chemicals without the teacher's permission
D．	throw waste materials into proper waste baskets．

How much sleep is enough？

To stay in good health，some expert in the US say，adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep．Teenager need nine to ten hours．And pre﹣school children need more than 10 hours of sleep a night．

Experts say the quality（质量）of our sleep becomes poor as we grow older．This happens because the brain unit that controls sleep begins to weaken slowly as we age．

Experts say the change starts in our 30s．By the time we reach our 50s，a person may have lost 50 percent of their ability to have a restful sleep.

These people have trouble failing and staying asleep through the night．From middle age on，these problems only get worse，and they can have a bad effect on their health．

Signs that show you may not be getting enough sleep．

You're always hungry or you've got unwanted weight．If you are in short of sleep，certain chemicals in your body will not work well and tell your brain in time that you have eaten enough．

You have trouble making decisions．Not having enough sleep may make your brain work slower in problem solving．

You have trouble remembering things．Sleep helps prepare the brain for new memories．

Your feeling changes unreasonably．People who don't sleep well may feel unable to control their feelings．

You are having trouble seeing．If there is a shortage of sleep，you may not be able to see thing as clearly as usual．

How to improve your sleep？Here are a few things people can do to get better sleep．

Health experts say that exercise and avoiding work on computers make people go to sleep more easily．A cool room is also a good choice for sleeping well．

55．What can we learn from the passage？ 　 　

A．	With the help of medicine，we can sleep better．
B．	People begin to have sleep problems in their 40s．
C．	Teenagers usually need more sleep than adults．
D．	Few people have sleep problems in their late years．

56．The underlined word"effect"in the passage is close in meaning to． 　 　

A．	Knowledge
B．	influence
C．	excuse
D．	activity

57．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT a sign that you are not sleeping well？ 　 　

A．	You often get hungry．
B．	Your eyesight is failing．
C．	You have proper memory
D．	You always feel tired．

58．It is possible that the article is taken from． 　 　

A．	a middle﹣school textbook
B．	a scientific report
C．	A magazine on health
D．	an ad in the newspaper．

Do you believe that only boys do well in science？Does it seem to you that girls have better language skills than boys？In your opinion，are boys better at building things？If your answer to each of those questions is "Yes"，you are right．According to an article in Current Science．"There are exceptions（例外），but here are the facts．"

Usually，boys score higher on tests about math，while girls do better in tests about words，spelling and memory．But these differences may not always be true．In the future．a person's abilities may not be decided by sex．As one scientist says，"Nothing is impossible for a person to be or do．"

A recent study by Jerome Kagan，a scientist at Harward University is studying the watching ability of children 10 months old．Baby boys and baby girls are watching a "show" while seated on their mothers' laps．In ActⅠof the show，an orange﹣colored hall is lifted from a blue box and moved slowly．Then it is returned to the box．This is repeated six times．ActⅡis almost the same，except that the orange ball is smaller．

Baby boys do not seem to notice the difference in the size of the ball，but girls immediately become excited and begin to make noises that sound like language．

It's also known that baby girls usually talk at an earlier age than baby boys do．Scientists believe that the left side of the brain develops faster in girls than in boys．As a result，by the time they start to school，little girls have an advantage that boys don't have，but what have the boys been doing in the year before starting school？They have been developing something called aggression．An aggressive person feels strong and independent．He is often the first one to start a fight．It is said that aggression is caused by hormones（荷尔蒙）．Scientists believe that hormones are not the only cause．They say aggression in boys is also caused by mothers．

63．Where does this text possibly come from？ 　 　

A．	Reading for babies．
B．	A newspaper on science．
C．	A school notice．
D．	A travel guide．

64．According to the passage， 　 　．

A．	boys and girls have completely different skills
B．	it is impossible for girls to become a scientist in the future
C．	girls always get higher scores than boys in math
D．	boys may usually do better in building things than girls

65．The writer uses the example of the orange ball to show that 　 　

A．	baby boys are cleverer than baby girls
B．	baby boys are not interested in shows
C．	baby girls are better at watching different things
D．	baby girls talk at an earlier age than baby boys do

66．The underlined word aggression in paragraph 3 means 　 　．

A．	an angry feeling
B．	a nice feeling
C．	a happy feeling
D．	a sad feeling．