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Paul Lucas can often be seen walking around the city of San Francisco. Sometimes people are surprised to see him walking  any shoes or socks,  Lucas doesn’t mind at all. likes to walk barefoot, and so do 640 other members of Dirty Sole Society, the club that Lucas  (start) years ago. Lucas’ idea for this is to encourage others to live  (free) --- free of shoes.
According to Lucas, the barefoot life has many advantages.   most important is simply that it feels good. He also says  walking barefoot allows you to experience the world directly by touching it with your feet.  addition, the feet do not smell so much because they stay dry,    (make) it hard for bacteria to grow. And, of course, walking barefoot keeps your feet in good shape, so it’s actually    (healthy) than wearing shoes.

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注意：每空格一个单词。
Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
In the United States, 20 to 40 percent of the adult population have a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause seems obvious: we eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea.
Several modern studies have shown that fatter people do not eat more on average than thinner people and that slim people are more active than fat people.
I believe that this shows overweight people can become relatively slim gradually via a progressive program of regular exercise. The key is regular, enjoyable activity.
Use of energy(calories) by the body falls into two categories. The first is energy used for essential bodily functions—digestion, heart beat, breathing—and BMR(新陈代谢). In an average-sized adult, BMR requires about 1400 calories per day.
The second category is energy used for physical activity—standing, walking and all other movements. Together with the BMR, it makes up total calorie use, which should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable.
For years now, we have known that dieting—especially severe dieting(400 calories per day, for instance)—decreases BMR. This is the body's defense system to keep energy when food supply is reduced. Unfortunately, it tends to weaken the diet's effects by enabling the body to “get by” on fewer calories. For this reason, I believe that severe dieting is not a good way to lose weight, and all dieting should be seen as a temporary measure.
In addition to helping weight loss and continued weight control, regular exercise has many other features to recommend it. While weight loss by dieting alone results in some loss of muscle as well as fat, weight loss by exercise and moderate dieting leads to an increased proportion（均衡）of muscle mass. The regular exerciser has good heart function too.
Regular exercise helps to raise blood levels of high－density lipoprotein(HDL) and increased exercise leads to increased food intake and thus to increased intake of critical nutrients (营养).
The benefits of eating more because of an increase in physical activity are not widely appreciated. Many people in this country, by actual measurement, have remarkably low calorie intake. Often the amount is so low (1 200 to 1 800 calories a day) that nutritionists worry about the adequacy(足够的)of their vitamin and mineral intake. And too little food, with inadequate fiber content, leads in the old population to chronic constipation(长期便秘)．
To sum up, most Americans still get too little regular exercise, and it is within this group that almost all obesity is found. Severe dieting should not be used as it is unpleasant and tends to be self-defeating. Moderate dieting combined with regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable. The choice is yours: life on the sofa, nibbling celery or the active, healthy-eating, healthful way.

Title	Eat more, Play more—Weight Less
Causes of weight problems	●It's commonly believed that adults' weight problems are due to ______ too much, but little scientific evidence ______ this idea. ●Studies show that fat people eat less and are ______ active than slim people.
______of eating enough	●Energy used for essential bodily functions, BMR, and ______ activity should be balanced by food intake for weight to remain stable ●Food intake offers ______ vitamin and mineral intake and prevents the old from chronic constipation.
Ways of weight loss	●Dieting alone—a temporary measure ●Tending to weaken the diet's effects ●______in some loss of muscle as well as fat ●Exercising ______ — a recommended way ●Having good heart function ●Helping to raise blood levels of HDL ●Attaining critical nutrients
______	●Doing little exercise has much to do with obesity. ●Severe dieting should be ______. ●Moderate dieting as well as regular exercise is much more effective and enjoyable.

 

It was a winter morning, just before Christmas, while most people were warming up their cars, my husband, Trevor, had to ride his bike 4 kilometers away from home to work. On his     (arrive), he parked his bike outside the back door      usual. After 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone,       was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, and also the bike was used     (get) groceries, saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live. I was so sad     I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, and then called my husband to fetch    . Once again my husband had a way to get to and     his job. It really is     honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. People say that a smile can    (pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect on our lives because it   (strong) our faith in humanity. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others.

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Alice always wanted to be a singer. Music was the         important thing in her life but, to tell you the            (true), she took lesson for years, practised every day,            in spite of all this, her voice didn't improve. Honestly, it didn’t get better, it just got (loud).
Her teacher finally gave         and stopped the lessons, but Alice refused to quit, and one day she decided to give a concert and invited her former teacher to attend.
The teacher was very worried about              to say after the performance. She knew it           be terrible and it was. She didn't want to tell a lie, but she didn’t want to hurt Alice’s feelings              . Finally, she got an idea and went backstage to greet her former pupil.
“Well”, said Alice, “what did you think of             performance?”
“My dear,” said the teacher, “you’ll        be better than you were tonight.”

Anyone who owns a car knows that we should maintain the car and fill it with fuel of good quality. To keep it looking good, we occasionally take it       a wash. If we abuse the car, it won’t take us where we want to go.       it is with our body and soul. The body is just like a vehicle to do the soul’s building.       the body is full of energy, it can help open up the soul. Some deeper life issues will become easy for us. Just       we learn to maintain a car, we ought to learn how to maintain the body. There must be     balance between enjoying ourselves and working. For one thing, we don’t need to be a slave.      can sometimes refresh the body so that our soul can accomplish more. For      , we have to be in control. Enjoy the pleasure,      don’t be addicted to it. Only when our body is at full power can the “will-power” go further.

Here in China, as the awareness of climate change improves, realizing a low-carbon way of life, also known as reducing your carbon footprint, is a growing trend among young Chinese.
Zheng Xiyu works at   office in Beijing’s Central Business District．Every day,    takes her roughly 40 minutes to go to work by bus．But she is thinking of    (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．When buying clothes, she will choose those purely made of cotton,  it takes less carbon to produce cotton clothes．She’s also adapting to a vegetable diet as livestock(家畜) can make many contributions     today’s most serious environmental problems.
A recent survey shows   78% of all the 17,000 people questioned have developed environmentally friendly habits in their daily lives．They are doing things, such as taking reusable shopping bags to the store and setting the air conditioner at a temperature above 26^oC in summer.
On many popular     (society) networking websites, people are advocating a low-carbon lifestyle．Their tips include using the stairs and public transport more frequently   elevators and cars．They hope this lifestyle    (become) more than just a trend within certain groups.
As the most populous nation on the planet with the world’s fastest growing economy, China has become the second biggest emitter(排放者) of greenhouse gases．The recent extreme weather in the southern regions reflects a serious environmental challenge．Experts say there is no time     (delay) with the effort to reduce carbon emissions.

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Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods are hugely popular in grocery stores around the world. Many people are accustomed to choosing snack foods in grocery stores.
The first problem with packaged snack foods like cookies, crackers, and other bite-sized options is that they are often loaded with unhealthy materials. The reason for this is fairly easy to understand. Mass-produced foods need to be uniform in color, taste and so on. In order to achieve this uniformity, snack food producers use sugar, salt, and other chemical preservatives (防腐剂) and coloring materials in large amounts. These materials contribute to a rather unhealthy food.
In addition to requiring uniformity of taste and appearance, mass-produced snack foods like potato chips and candies need to be shelf stable. Preservatives and complex packaging make products shelf stable, but this stability and non-perish ability (抗腐性) often come at the expense of nutrition.
One reason that pre-made snacks are so popular in grocery stores is their prices. Food producers can keep costs down by using established production facilities and processes to quickly produce a huge amount of food. Shoppers are drawn to what they see at low prices.
People who are interested in improving the quality of their snacking can use magazines, books, and the Internet to discover a lot of healthy snacking tips and ideas. Even television shows about health and food sometimes talk about healthy snacking alternatives. Some healthy snacks, like fresh fruit, require no preparation at all.
Once people are aware of the drawbacks of clearly cheap and easy snack foods, they can start turning to better options. Soon, perhaps, the old and unhealthy snack options will no longer be profitable for food producers.

Title: Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods
Fact	Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods are well ________ around the world.
_______	•Having preservatives, coloring materials and ________  packaging • Having uniformity of ________ and appearance • Being shelf stable • Being at low ________
Problems	• ________ unhealthy materials • Being shelf stable and non-perishable leading to some nutrition ________
Measures	•Discover healthy snacking tips and ideas by ________ magazines, books, the Internet and television shows.
Conclusion	• People will turn to better options once _______ the drawbacks of cheap and easy snack foods. • The old and unhealthy snack foods will no longer bring _______ to food producers.

 

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The World Bank，the United Nations and the London School Of Hygiene and Tropica1 Medicine did a study to urge hand-washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease．
Doctors say，many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include pinworms(寄生虫)，influenza(流行性感冒)，the common cold，hepatitis(肝炎)A，meningitis(脑膜炎)and infectious diarrhea(腹泻).
Hand-washing destroys germs from other people，animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands，they can infect themselves by touching their eyes，nose or mouth．Then these people can infect other people．  
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed．Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food，before eating and after using the toilet．People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste，and after cleaning a baby．The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing．And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick．The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water．They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap．Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds．The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗)the hands with water and dry them．
Title: _________
 

Theme	Hand-washing could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases.
Many _______ can be prevented	Pinworms, influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea.
_____to do hand- washing	1. Before and after preparing ________； 2. Before eating and after using the ________； 3. After handling animals or animal waste; 4. After cleaning a baby; 5. After handling money and after sneezing or _____; 6. When someone in your home is sick.
____ to do hand-washing	Rubbing them together while using ______ and warm water, rubbing all areas of the hands for about l0～15 ______ and rinsing the hands with water and dry them.
How hand-washing works	Hand-washing destroys ______ from other people, animals or objects a person has touched.

 

There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!

Passage outline	Supporting details
Significance of goal-setting in achieving success	In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as ______ efficiency and time management. Students who want to build a good career should attach______to setting high academic goals.
Increase output and performance	By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of_____ completing his or her tasks. Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets.
Help in time management	You can have your time and efforts ____ better if you follow your setting –goals from the beginning. You’re likely to have more time for_____instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.
Reduce ____ levels	Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily____ to lack of pressure. Effective goal-setting is____ for you to keep a relaxed mind, which can result in positivity.
Every step counts	You should be _____that it’s difficult to follow your goals consistently. Your hard work will_____ off if you stick to your set goals step by step.

Can you escape from a sinking vehicle? The answer is obviously yes. “But you’ve got to be quick.” said Gordon Greisbeck, a professor from the University of Manitoba’s. Here he gives four rules of survival.
Rule 1.  Don’t call 911 until you are out of the car. You should get out of that vehicle immediately after unbuckling. Think about calling 911 once you’ve made it out alive. ‘Time is very important,” Greisbeck says, “If you touch your cell phone, you’re probably going to die.”
Rule 2.  Don’t open the door. Roll down or break the windows instead. Opening the door is very difficult against the water pressure and it also allows so much water into the vehicle that it will speed up the sinking process. Since most vehicles now have electronically controlled windows, it is probable that the circuits (电路) will short before you have a chance to roll them down. So you’ll need a tool like the Life Hammer to break the windows open. And make sure these tools are within reach at all times.
Rule 3.  Children first. Everybody should get out of their own window if possible, but the kids are going to have a harder time fighting through the rush of water, so push them out if you have to. Greisbeck suggests starting with the oldest kids and taking the youngest out in your arms.
Rule 4.  Get out. Swim through the broken windows as fast as possible. You can’t imagine what will happen in the next second. Any intention to take your belongings can be deadly.
If you’ve failed to get the windows rolled down or broken, you’ll still have the slightest of chances to escape. Once water fills the car, the pressure will be equalized and you will be able to open the door. But to do this, you will also have to be expert at holding your breath in an extremely stressful situation.

How to ___ a Sinking Vehicle
Rules	Details	___
Don’t call Immediately.	Make a phone call once you’ve ___ in escaping.	Time is of great importance.
Don’t Open The door.	Roll down the windows or use a Life Hammer to make the windows __.	◆The water pressure can make opening the door ___. ◆The vehicle will sink ___ if you open the door. ◆Most cars have electronically controlled windows and the circuits will ___ short.
Children first.	Push the oldest kids out first, and then go out with the youngest in your___.	Kids have more difficulty ___ through the rush of water.
Get out.	Swim through the broken windows as fast as possible.	What will happen is___ your imagination.

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

Section C (12 marks)
Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “   the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪)     24 hours,” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem,      created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol.
The ball is made of     special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It’s lightweight, it’s flexible, and—   important—it holds its shape.
The One World Futbol needs no pump    won’t wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested,    withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion.
Although it costs more to produce     a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, it’s been given to kids in 143 countries. (154 words)

Directions: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the
information given in the passage.
Secret Santas
On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that’s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.
"It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis," says Linda.
"It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays."
Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U.S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.
To find her "adopted" family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.
"The list is always heartbreaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys," she says. "We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves." She also buys gifts for the parents.
Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list--one that didn't include the basics. "Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime." She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest."I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this," says Linda. "Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live."
The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.
What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have?
(No more than 5 words)                                       (2 marks)
                                                                         
Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto?
(No more than 10 words)                                      (2 marks)
                                                                         
Why did Linda ask for a second wish list?
(No more than 15 words)                                     (3 marks)
                                                                         
What kind of people does "secret Santas" in the passage refer to?
(No more than 12 words)                                      (3 marks)
                                                                         

Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’ daily life.___ _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ______ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help _____ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _____ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
He was very tired ____ doing this for a whole day, ____ he felt very happy since the crop did "grow" ____ (high).
His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ____ (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ____ (result) in the contrary to our intention.

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
A library is a place where a large collection of books are lined. However, quite different from traditional ones, a new library which opened last month in San Antonio, Texas, US is very special in the thing —there is not a single book in it.
In fact, the world’s first “bookless” library, known as BiblioTech, looks more like an Internet café—instead of bookshelves. It has iPads, laptops and desktop computers to use on site and 500 e-readers for members to borrow. Most importantly, there is no printed material, reported Time.
“Our digital library is stored in the cloud, so you don’t have to come in to get a book,” Laura Cole, BiblioTech’s special projects coordinator, told CNN. The library at the moment has a collection of 10,000 e-books and is trying to add more.
The idea of a bookless library no longer seems new since e-books have been around for quite some time. At the end of 2012, 23 percent of Americans aged 16 and older read e-books, up from 16 percent the year before. At the same time, the proportion(比例) of Americans who read a printed book fell from 72 percent to 67 percent.
“Not all libraries are going to be like us,” Nelson Wolff, a local official told CNN. “But we surely do hope it’s going to drive them to do so. The world is changing, and libraries can’t stay the same —if they want to stay connected with the changing world.”
Also, located in a low-income (低收入的) neighborhood where 40 percent of families don’t have a computer and half are not available(可获得的) to broadband Internet service, BiblioTech provides digital convenience to people who lack it.
All in all, the newly-born library, though young, may be promising in the future soon to come.

Title	A__________Library
Introduction	●A new library came into_____ last month. ●It has no book in it at all.
Features of the library	●Computers, iPads and laptops took the_____ of bookshelves. ●______ borrow e-readers to read. ●There is no printed material. ●Books are stored in the ______. ●More e-books will be _______
______ for its bright future	●People are _________ with e-books for long. ●The changing world _______people to do so. ●Such bookless libraries meet low-incomers’ ______
Conclusion	The bookless library may be promising in the future.