初中英语说明文试题

Do you know something about the holiday camps(野营) in Hong Kong？The students in Hong Kong used to take part in an English holiday camp in their holidays. And their parents weren’t with them, though they were very young.
Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents. Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to learn some practical knowledge in their life, and also learn some knowledge about living skills, science ,reading and writing… The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.
Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive. Most of the families can afford to send their children there for further study, for making their bodies strong…And the government never charges(收费) them.
It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things. Perhaps it has something to do with the kinds of holiday camps.
Students in Hong Kong used to take part in the       .

A．holiday camps

B．English holiday camps

C．science holiday camps

D．Chinese holiday camps

When students in Hong Kong are in the holidays camps, their parents        .

A．must be with them

B．have to pay a lot of money

C．must stay at home

D．aren’t with them

The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps in Hong Kong is          .

A．to learn some foreign languages

B．to learn much knowledge about many things

C．to learn to look after themselves

D．to have further study about many subjects

The cost(费用) to take part in a holiday camp is        .

A．very expensive

B．not so cheap

C．very high

D．very low

The students who often take part in holiday camps     .

A．must have much knowledge about many things

B．must be very tall

C．must be very thin(瘦)

D．must be very cool

When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence "How do you do?" as an example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation (翻译)? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language.
Languages do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways. It’s important to master(掌握) the rules(规则) for word order (顺序) in the study of English, too. If the speaker puts words in a wrong order, the listener can’t understand the speaker’s sentence easily.Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn’t change.
Let’s see the difference between the two sentences:"She only likes apples. " "Only she likes apples. "
When you are learning English, you must use it as the English speaker does.
From the passage we know that _______when we are learning English.

A．we shouldn’t put every word into our own language

B．we should look up (查阅) every word in the dictionary

C．we need to put every word into our own language

D．we must read word by word

The writer thinks it is________in learning English.

A．difficult to understand different sounds

B．possible to remember the word order

C．important to master the rules in different ways

D．easy to master the rules for word order

We can learn from the passage that_______.

A．the meaning of an English sentence always changes with the order of the words

B．the order of words can never change the meaning of an English sentence

C．sometimes different order of words has a different meaning

D．if the order of words is different, the meaning of the sentence must be different

For many years, no one could communicate with people who had been born without hearing. These deaf people were not able to use a spoken language.
But, beginning in the 1700s, the deaf were taught a special language. Using the language, they could share thoughts and ideas with others. The language they used was a language without sound. It was a sign language.
How did this sign language work? The deaf were taught to make certain movements using their hands, faces, and bodies. These movements stood for things and ideas. People might move their forefingers across their lips. This meant, “You are not telling the truth.” They might tap their chins with three fingers. This meant, “my uncle”.
The deaf were also taught to use a finger alphabet(字母表). They used their fingers to make the letters of the alphabet. In this way, they spelled out words. Some deaf people could spell out words at a speed of 130 words per minute.
Sign language and finger spelling are not used as much as they once were. Today the deaf are taught to understand others by watching their lips. They are taught how to speak.
In the 1700s, the deaf were taught __________.

A．to speak	B．to watch others
C．a sign language	D．a spoken language

The word forefingers in paragraph 3 means__________.

A．the finger next to the thumb (拇指)	B．three fingers
C．a language	D．hands

On the whole the story is about __________.

A．how the deaf communicate	B．learning to spell
C．teaching the deaf to speak	D．writing sign languages

Which of these sentences do you think is RIGHT?

A．Deaf people draw signs

B．Deaf people can’t use their fingers.

C．Many deaf people now can speak

D．Deaf people speak with their fingers.

Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about thinking is the key to critical(批判性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes（过程）. Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.
The word “critical” here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen--beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning.
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are interested in life and want to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning（推理）are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today’s world: fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure（尺度）of intelligence（智慧）, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein. Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately made Hoffman feel comfortable by saying, “Please go slowly. I don’t understand things quickly.” 
Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, _______.

A．it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast

B．we might be controlled by other people’s ideas

C．we will follow the ideas of others naturally

D．we might be fooled by other people’s ideas

If you are a critical thinker, you will ________.

A．take one view against another view

B．trust the reports in the newspapers

C．think deeply about different ideas

D．criticize other people for their mistakes

In the last paragraph, “something new” suggests that ________.

A．speed can improve intelligence

B．intelligence is not decided by speed

C．the smarter you are, the faster you do things

D．the faster you do things, the smarter you become

On April 23.2019，a series of events to celebrate

the （1） 　　anniversary of the Chinese People's Liberation Army（PLA）Nay（中国人民海军）was held in Qingdao．

Destroyers（驱逐舰） sailed in the sea， submarines（潜艇） slid under the surface and fighter jets flew across the sky． It wasn't a scene from a war movie， indeed， it was a real grand naval parade．

As a large country （2） 　　more than 18，000 kilometers of coastline， China needs a strong navy． This was a hard lesson（3） 　　by history． According to Xinhua， from the 1850s until 1949．foreign forces used the sea to make about 470 invasions of China． Therefore， the PLA Navy has become a key line of the nation's defense．

As President Xi Jinping said， the oceans are of great significance as they sustain life and connect the world． "The blue planet that humans inhabit is not divided into islands by the oceans．（4） 　　is connected by the oceans to form a community with a shared future， where people of all countries share weal and woe，"said Xi during his （5） 　　at the event．

（1）A．seventy	B． seventieth	C． seventith	D．seventeen
（2）A．has	B． have	C． with	D． of
（3）A．teach	B． taught	C． learn	D． learned
（4）A．But	B． and	C．or	D． with
（5）A．speak	B． talk	C． chat	D． speech

Traffic lights are very important for us. I think you know this. But do you know how they were born?
Garrett A. Morgan was the father of traffic lights. He was an American. His family was very poor. He left school at the age of 14. He was clever. He always looked for better ways to do things. And he liked to make new things.
At that time, every American wanted to have a car. The streets were full of cars. The traffic was really bad. “Why not put three lights at each corner ? They should be red_,green_,and yellow，” Morgan said , “ Let them tell cars to go or stop.” He made a timer (定时器)to change the lights.
So we have traffic lights today .
Todaycan help buses or cars to go regularly in cities .

A．Americans

B．Traffic lights

C．Chinese

D．policemen

Garrett A.Morgan was the father of traffic lights. He came from.
A. Canada   B. England C. America      D. Japan
Why could Garrett A.Morgan invent traffic lights? Because.
A. he always looked for better ways to do things
B. his family was very poor
C. he wanted to have a car
D. He was clever
What did Garrett A.Morgan do when he was 14 years old ?
A.He studied at school.
B. He put three lights in the street.
C. He was away from school.
D. The streets were full of cars.
What color are the traffic lights ? They are.

A．green and white	B．red and yellow
C．red , green and yellow.	D．red and green

Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.

    And scientists now say that（1）　 　is one of the best way to keep fit.It can make you feel better and look better.Some say it can even make you live（2）　 　.

    All you need for naming，some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes.You don't need to buy special clothes（3）　 　you should get a good pair of sports shoes.And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your（4）　 　shoes.

    Some people find running boring，so，cycling or swimming instead once in a while.Also，you shouldn't exercise every day.It's very important to（5）　 　two or three times a week.You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate（6）　 　.Do some leg exercises every week as well，because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.

    If you're a beginner，there are lots of ways to make exercise fun.You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend.Another idea is to run in a race.This can give you a（n）（7）　 　to train and keep you interested in running.

（1）A.running	B.swimming	C.cycling
（2）A.long	B.longer	C.longest
（3）A.and	B.or	C.but
（4）A.usual	B.clean	C.different
（5）A.play	B.rest	C.work
（6）A.never	B.often	C.sometimes
（7）A.reason	B.excuse	C.method

Little Women is Louisa May Alcott's most famous novel.The novel follows the（1） 　 　of the four March sisters - Meg，Jo，Beth and Amy - and is based on the writer's own（2） 　　of growing up with her three sisters during the American Civil War （1861﹣1865）.

The main theme in the story is the importance of（3） 　　.Other themes include the need to work and self﹣improvement.

When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are（4） 　　and have to work.Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure（5） 　 　there is a war and everybody must help.Their father is in the army.In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time.They must try to（6） 　　the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful.He wants to be proud of them when he comes home.The girls decide to make an effort to（7） 　　themselves because they love and miss their father very much.

Alcott was interested in women's rights and，through the four March sisters，she explored （探索）four different（8） 　 　 of being a woman in those days.Meg leaves the family to get（9） 　　 and have a new family.Beth devotes （致力于）herself to（10） 　　 her own family.Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure.And Jo，like Alcott herself，tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time.

（1）A.rules	B.lives	C.secrets
（2）A.experiences	B.expressions	C.directions
（3）A.friendship	B.work	C.family
（4）A.poor	B.rich	C.clever
（5）A.so	B.because	C.if
（6）A.sell	B.find	C.accept
（7）A.improve	B.serve	C.imagine
（8）A.maps	B.ways	C.circles
（9）A.dressed	B.lost	C.married
（10）A.looking after	B.looking for	C.asking for

What makes us ill？It is the germs（细菌）.（1）　　are everywhere.The are very（2）　 　.You can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them（3）　　a microscope（显微镜）.There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

    Germs are always found in（4）　　water.When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see（5）　　.So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

    Germs are found not only in（6）　　.They are found（7）　 　in air and dust（灰尘）.When you（8）　　your finger，if some dust from the floor goes into the cut，some germs would go into your finger.Then you will have much pain in it.Sometimes germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.

（1）A.Germs	B.Books	C.Gardens
（2）A.big	B.small	C.long
（3）A.with	B.to	C.of
（4）A.clean	B.tidy	C.dirty
（5）A.them	B.him	C.they
（6）A.food	B.drink	C.water
（7）A.neither	B.also	C.too
（8）A.cut	B.check	C.make

A famous designer（设计师） and a university student produce a new cup called Vessyl．They have spent several years （1）　　it．The smart cup can not only tell Coca Cola from Pepsi Cola，（2）　　also tell people whether they should drink water or not．

    When people（3）　　liquid（液体） into this smart cup，a few seconds（秒） later，it can check this kind of liquid and tell them what it is．Then it gives（4）　information of the drink，such as sugar，fat and calorie．When people put the cup in their （5）　　，it can also show them the condition of their bodies．If they are （6）　　．Vessyl can tell them to drink water．

    "My partner and I want people to （7）　　 healthy．In modern society，people are usually （8）　　 busy to do exercise，or even drink enough water every day．They have much （9）　　．We produce this smart cup so that people can make a choice （10）　　．"the designer said．

（1）A．in	B．on	C．at	D．of
（2）A．and	B．though	C．nor	D．but
（3）A．pour	B．pull	C．lift	D．regard
（4）A．a few	B．a lot	C．lots of	D．many
（5）A．desks	B．hands	C．bags	D．mouths
（6）A．full	B．hungry	C．thirsty	D．awful
（7）A．carry	B．have	C．touch	D．keep
（8）A．too	B．to	C．so	D．very
（9）A．danger	B．pressure	C．power	D．laughter
（10）A．quietly	B．hardly	C．wisely	D．recently

    Everyone knows that second﹣hand smoke is as dangerous as first﹣hand

smoke． But have you （ 1）h　　 of "third﹣hand" smoke？Third﹣hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces （表面） of things around， （2）l　　 furniture or clothes． When someone smokes in a room， poisonous particles（粒子） in tobacco （烟草） smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes， even after the cigarette （香烟） has been put out． This can cause a great danger to your family， （3）e　　younger children．

     Babies have only just learned to walk． They are more likely to be harmed by third﹣hand smoke． This is（4）b　　 they are often close to surfaces of things． such as floors， walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain． When they （5）t　　 these surfaces， they get their hands polluted．

     So， it is necessary and important to say （6）n　　 to third﹣hand smoke． To achieve this， strict （ 7 ） r　　 for forbidding （禁止） smoking inside homes should be carried out． If one of your family members smokes， please make sure he smokes （8）o　　 the house． Get him a special jacket and hat， so once he （9）f　　 smoking， he will take them off before getting inside the house． Moreover， make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face， and changes his clothes before picking up the baby．

     Many times， you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child， but it doesn't mean he or she is （10）s　　"． Give up smoking， or if that is not possible， make sure that your loved ones， far away from third﹣hand smoke．

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world．With a （1） 　 　of more than 2，000 years， some parts of the Great Wall have disappeared．（2） 　 　， it is still a very popular place of interest．

It is the （3） 　 　wall ever built． It is about 8 meters high． The top is 8 meters wide and it （4） 　 　even wider at the bottom． It is made （5） 　 　stone and brick． People built it by （6） 　 　and it took a long time to finish．

No one knows（7） 　 　when the building of the Great Wall was started． It is believed that the wall was built to （8） 　 　parts of the country in the old days． It also made people live a（n） （9） 　 　life．

Today， many of the visitors go to see the Great Wall．（10） 　 　they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall， they can't help saying，"Wow， that's fantastic!"

（1）A． number	B． purpose	C． history	D． choice
（2）A． But	B． So	C． And	D． However
（3）A． longest	B． shortest	C． farthest	D． biggest
（4）A． needs	B． gets	C． spends	D． sounds
（5）A． from	B． into	C． by	D． of
（6）A． hand	B． accident	C． machine	D． mistake
（7）A．usually	B．normally	C．exactly	D．luckily
（8）A．provide	B．protect	C．search	D．produce
（9）A．smart	B．awful	C．terrible	D．peaceful
（10）A．Before	B．Unless	C．When	D．Though

A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes something that we do almost without thinking. Some of them are thought to be bad habits. People spend countless hours and dollars each year trying to get rid of these bad habits but often fail. Why? Change is hard work and there is no shortcut to achieve it. However, there is still some advice for you to follow.
First, look at why you do it. In other words, what’s the result of doing this thing? If your bad habit is shouting at people when you are unhappy or under pressure, what do you get from it? It may make you feel a little better for the moment. Or maybe you have a bad habit of leaving your homework undone. The result could be that you get more time to spend on the Internet!
Next, take a look on the other hand. What are you losing because of your habit? Shouting at other people is a bad habit because it makes people around you feel bad and unhappy. Leaving your homework undone is a bad habit because you may be punished by your teacher. Having more Internet time means that you are losing the chance to learn the things that you need to learn. When you think that way, you’ll find that it’s not wise to keep your bad habit! Now it is time to make a decision. What will you choose? I’m sure you will choose to do what you think is more important.
From the first paragraph we know that __________.

A．a habit is a terrible thing that we can never change

B．people take countless hours and dollars to get rid of habits

C．none of the people who try to break bad habits are successful

D．though it is difficult, we can still do something about our bad habits

The underlined sentence “there is no shortcut to achieve it” means that ________.

A．it is not easy to get rid of bad habits

B．there is a long way and a short way

C．something dangerous may happen

D．we must cut it in a short time.

The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

A．introduce and describe	B．complain（埋怨）and disagree
C．explain(解释) and advise	D．discuss and argue（争论）

Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the local people of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the local people become unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy(经济). It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance(推进) the well-being (health and happiness) of local people.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a lot of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel will lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.
What is probably the reason if local people dislike tourists?

A．Tourists come to enjoy the customs and beauty.

B．Local people lose jobs.

C．A lot of hotels are built.

D．Too many tourists cause traffic problems.

What can we do to solve the problems caused by tourism?

A．Make plans properly.

B．Help the country’s economy.

C．Build fewer hotels.

D．Advance the well-being of local people.

If tourism grows too quickly, ___________.

A．businesses will lose money

B．other parts of the country’s economy will make more money

C．local people will be happier

D．more local people will work for tourists.

Support facilities needed by tourist attractions includes ___________.
①public places ②hotels ③airports ④roads ⑤electricity  ⑥sewers  

A．①②③④⑤

B．②③④⑤⑥

C．①②③⑤⑥

D．①③④⑤⑥

If the writer wants to add Paragraph 5 to the passage, he may tell us ________.

A．whether people need to build more hotels

B．whether people need to plan tourism properly

C．how to deal with the problems above

D．how to prevent tourism growing too quickly

It’s important to learn about protecting our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us:
1.  Reduce
If you want to reduce waste, you should use things wisely. Millions of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses a little paper carelessly and throw it out, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don’t know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste
2.  Reuse
You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them out. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. With a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
3.  Recycle
Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so, we save lots of time and money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat（压平）and melted (融化) and the melted things are made for new coke cans.
4.  Recover
When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten（腐烂的）apples. You have two choices: one is to throw the whole apple away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and eat the good parts. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.
5.  Repair
If one of the legs of your table is broken, you can repair it instead of throwing it away. If you want to change for better ones, It is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after doing some repair. It is true that North America is a “throw-away” society（社会）. But the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best.
_______ can be recycled.

A．Only hard things

B．Many things

C．Few soft things

D．All things

The “recover” rule mainly requires us _______.

A．to throw waste things away	B．to cover waste things with earth
C．to get back the useful parts	D．to throw the whole things away

We can infer（推断） that the writer of this passage may live in _______.

A．China

B．Japan

C．Australia

D．America

Which of the following is true?

A．We will have no resources（资源） of nature unless we can do with the waste.

B．Recycling is the best way to save resources.

C．If we waste less, we can save more resources of nature.

D．More things are wasted in developed countries than in developing ones.