初中英语说明文试题

Space suits don't just make astronauts look cool.Without these （1） 　 　suits，astronauts wouldn't be able to leave their spaceship.That is to say，they wouldn't be able to

（2） 　 　on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.

Space is a （3） 　 　place for human beings.Firstly，there is no air to breathe.Secondly，space also has high levels of radiation（辐射），energy that can pass through our bodies and make us（4） 　 　.Thirdly，some parts of space are really cold （5） 　 　other parts are very hot.So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they（6） 　 　outside their spaceship without their suits.With a space suit，though，astronauts can move around in space for several hours.

Space suits keep astronauts（7） 　 　 sealed（密封的）inside.A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally.At the same time，the CO ₂ （8） 　 　 astronauts breathe out is sucked away.The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast﹣moving space dust. （9） 　 　 the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas（睡衣）with little pipes running through them.Water runs through these pipes to（10） 　 　 astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot !

（1）A.private	B.special	C.plastic	D.expensive
（2）A.run	B.walk	C.live	D.surf
（3）A.funny	B.natural	C.beautiful	D.dangerous
（4）A.sick	B.bored	C.strong	D.relaxed
（5）A.after	B.since	C.before	D.while
（6）A.rushed	B.jumped	C.stepped	D.escaped
（7）A.safely	B.quickly	C.quietly	D.terribly
（8）A.who	B.this	C.that	D.whether
（9）A.Above	B.Under	C.Behind	D.Between
（10）A.wash away	B.warm up	C.cool off	D.clean out

It is a basic ability for humans to tell more from less.Surprisingly，a number of animals（1）　　this ability too.They will（2）　　more of something.Horses，for example，will go for a group of three apples instead of two apples.

    This ability is（3）　 　to animals in lots of ways.It helps them（4）　　the larger group of friends.Many fishes，for example，join groups for（5）　　.If a predator （掠食动物）comes，a fish in a group of 40 is less possible to become lunch than a fish in a group of 10.So if a fish has a choice between two groups，it's safer to join the（6）　 　one.A sense of number even helps keep the（7）　　.For example，a monkey group will avoid fights with other groups when they find their（8）　 　is not an advantage.

    Also，the ability to do simple（9）　　is a sure thing for some animals.They（10）　　the difference between one，two，and three.

    Some others can count much higher than three.

（1）A.have	B.miss	C.doubt	D.hate
（2）A.grow	B.cook	C.pick	D.leave
（3）A.fresh	B.useful	C.correct	D.direct
（4）A.hide	B.beat	C.push	D.find
（5）A.safety	B.holiday	C.discussion	D.exercise
（6）A.faster	B.larger	C.busier	D.quieter
（7）A.secret	B.interest	C.peace	D.record
（8）A.age	B.number	C.time	D.speed
（9）A.counting	B.jumping	C.dancing	D.swimming
（10）A.mix	B.like	C.ask	D.know

What can lead you to success？ The most important thing is what you do every day． It is very simple． Your habits will decide whether or not you are （1）　　in the future． If you have strong and healthy good habits， it doesn't matter whether you fail or not today， because you are sure to succeed in the end． Having good habits does not mean that you will succeed every time． However，if it goes long， you will （2）　　all your goals and be successful．（3）　　the other hand， if you have strong bad habits， you are sure to fail at last．

    Why are habits so important？ （4）　　you repeat the same action and the same behavior every day． A single good action will not change your life， but the same action repeated 1，000 times will have an important effect on your life．

    How can you （5）　　good habits？ There is nothing easier than developing good habits． You want to make a habit， and then you must do the action every day． If you want to develop the habit of eating （6）　　food， eat healthily every day． If you want to develop the habit of reading， read every day． The more you do an action， the easier it becomes in（7）　　end．

（1）A． success	B． succeed	C． successful	D． successfully
（2）A． achieve	B． achieved	C． achieving	D． achieves
（3）A． In	B． On	C． At	D． To
（4）A． But	B． While	C． Because	D． Since
（5）A． find	B． offer	C． realize	D． develop
（6）A． health	B． healthy	C． unhealthy	D． healthily
（7）A． the	B． an	C． a	D． /

Good manners are important． You need（1）　　at work and at school． You（2）　　need them at meals． At a nice（3）　　， remember some important manners． First， put your napkin on your lap． Do not leave it on the table． Eat your food（4）　　． Don't make any noise． Don't put your elbows on the table． That（5）　　polite． Take（6）　　bites of food and eat slowly． Use good manners， and everyone can（7）　　the meal．

（1）A． it	B． him	C． them
（2）A． once	B． also	C． only
（3）A． meal	B． dinner	C． breakfast
（4）A． quietly	B． quickly	C． slowly
（5）A． is	B． isn't	C． may be
（6）A． big	B． full	C． small
（7）A． eat	B． have	C． enjoy

Being street smart is an important skill to have and a good way to take care of yourself．

Always carry your phone with you， but do not look at（1） 　　while yon are walking． Being able to communicate or call for help is important，so keep a list of useful numbers． But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your（2） 　　up and see what's going on around． If you do need to check your phones，（3） 　　and look at it quickly．

Don't wear earphones（4） 　　you are out． If you have to（5） 　　something when you're out， use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume（音量）．

Travel with（6） 　　or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger． It's（7） 　　to be careful with strangers． Remember not to get into a stranger's car if they call you over．

（8） 　　dark and out﹣of﹣the﹣way places． Do not take short cuts through dark areas， even if it will make your trip much faster． If you have to go to unsafe places， go（9） 　　someone you know or speak to someone over the phone while you are there．

Run and shout if you feel unsafe． Run away as fast as you can towards a police station， hospital， or nearby business for（10） 　　 ． Shout as loudly as you can to get the attention of people nearby．

（1）A． me	B． it	C． him	D． her
（2）A． head	B． nose	C． hands	D． arms
（3）A． walk	B． run	C．stop	D． start
（4）A． though	B． unless	C． until	D． while
（5）A． look for	B． wait for	C． listen to	D． talk to
（6）A． parents	B． brothers	C． sisters	D． friends
（7）A． important	B． impossible	C． boring	D． interesting
（8）A． Find	B． Avoid	C． Visit	D． Clean
（9）A． to	B． for	C． with	D． without
（10）A． help	B． drink	C． money	D． medicine

Space travel is nothing new． The first spacecraft with a human was sent up（1） 　　space in 1961． Since then， people have not only traveled to space，（2） 　　many of them have lived there in space stations for some time．

The Soviet Union（前苏联） sent the（3） 　　space station into space in 1971． This space station was called Salyut 1． Salyut 1（4） 　　as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments． The first group of astronauts lived there for 23days． The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations． At about the same time， the United States had（5） 　　own space station， called Skylab．

Astronauts（6） 　　in these space stations for a short time． However， it wasn't until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a （7） 　　time．

Living in space stations seems to be fun， but astronauts face many problems． One of them （8） 　　food． All the（9） 　　on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle． Because the food has to last a long time （sometimes up to three months）， a lot of it has to be stored in cans． The space station does not have a fridge， but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh． Astronauts also eat many other foods（10） 　　dried meat that do not need special care．

（1）A． into	B． with	C． of
（2）A． or	B． but	C． unless
（3）A． ones	B． one	C． first
（4）A． found	B． was built	C． was brought
（5）A． them	B． they	C． its
（6）A． lived	B． played	C． took
（7）A． more	B． shorter	C． longer
（8）A． am	B． is	C． are
（9）A． apple	B． vegetable	C． meals
（10）A． such as	B． at last	C． next to

What is health？"Health" means eating well， getting enough exercise， and having a healthy weight． Let's read the following rules． （1）　　．

    1．Eat different kinds of foods， especially fruit and vegetables． We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy，（2）　　Remember that we can only get the nutrition（营养） we need by eating different kinds of foods， especially fruit and vegetables．

    2．Drink water and milk more often． Besides water， kids need plenty of calcium（钙） to grow strong bones（骨头），and milk is rich in it． Every day，you should drink at least three cups of milk when you are 9 years old or older． You should also try to have less sugary drinks．（3）　　

    3．Listen to your body． When you are eating， notice how your body feels．（4）_____　Eating too much makes you feel uncomfortable．

    4．Limit（限制） screen time． What's screen time？ It's the time you spend watching TV，movies and playing computer games． The more time you spend on these siting﹣down activities，（5）　　Try to spend more time on sports every day．

A． They include a lot of sugar．

B． the less food you will eat．

C． They can help you keep healthy．

D． but many of us only eat our favourite food．

E． the less time you spend playing sports．

F． When your stomach feels full， stop eating．

March 22nd is World Water Day．It started in 1993．It not only makes us think about the importance of water，but also calls on （号召） us to （1） 　　and protect water．Today，we're facing terrible water problems．Among them，wastewater problem is especially（2） 　　．And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is"wastewater"．

What is wastewater？It is used water．Usually，wastewater comes from homes，（3） 　　，hospitals and so on．It is produced by different kinds of activities，including washing the machines，taking showers and using the kitchen．The rain also（4） 　　wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm．No matter where it comes from，this kind of water is sure to have（5） 　　harmful in it．

（6） 　　must we treat （处理）wastewater？Wastewater has a big influence on our life．It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment．We must care for our environment and our own （7） 　　．

How can we treat wastewater？Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment．Wastewater（8） 　　homes can be reused．Then there will be（9） 　　wastewater．Also，factory wastewater has to be cleaned（10） 　　it goes back to nature．

1．A．drink	B．save	C．carry	D．watch
2．A．easy	B．popular	C．small	D．serious
3．A．factories	B．lakes	C．rivers	D．seas
4．A．gets back	B．hands in	C．changes into	D．picks up
5．A．nothing	B．something	C．nobody	D．somebody
6．A．What	B．Who	C．Why	D．How
7．A．work	B．interest	C．health	D．business
8．A．on	B．for	C．with	D．from
9，A．less	B．more	C．better	D．worse
10．A．and	B．whether	C．after	D．before

Bike﹣sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities． It is good to the（1） ___ 　development of the big cities．

A （2） 　 　by a company found that shared bikes started the nation's（3） 　 　for bikes again． Now more and more Chinese people are（4） 　 　bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities．

An engineer of that company says that since the start of shared bikes， people（5） __ 　fewer trips by car． The love for shared bikes is not only among（6） 　 　people， who were born in the 1980s and 1990s， but also among people over sixty．

At weekends， the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the（7） 　 　of all cities． On weekdays， the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to word is（8） 　 　in Shanghai．

It is said that bike﹣sharing will help（9） 　 　the cities' environment． It not only helps solve the traffic problems， but also will help to make more use of（10） 　 　in cities． Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes， an area of five Bird's Nest stadiums will be saved．

（1）A． harmful	B． sudden	C． slow	D． healthy
（2）A． report	B． suggestion	C． rule	D． plan
（3）A． preparation	B． love	C． search	D． worry
（4）A． repairing	B． locking	C． choosing	D． pushing
（5）A． will made	B． have made	C． are making	D． are made
（6）A． strong	B． young	C． old	D． weak
（7）A． corner	B． line	C． top	D． side
（8）A． going up	B． giving away	C． coming over	D． putting off
（9）A． experience	B． improve	C． discover	D． separate
（10）A． space	B． money	C． air	D． time

Computers are now as commonly used in business as the telephone．Therefore，it's important that people know how （46）　　 them efficiently．Now，you and your whole team are（47）　　to do this on your computer in the simplest way﹣﹣﹣taking our online courses．And then you can learn and practice （48）　　 yourself．

The person（49）　　 appears on the screen acts as your teacher，guiding you through the tasks （50）　　explaining everything．Then more difficult exercises allow you to practice the things you（51）　　learned and test your understanding．

（52）　　courses are excellent value﹣only 69.99 pounds．You（53）　　save yourself money if you buy the complete collection of seven courses．This is now available at the retail（零售）（54）　　of 410 ponds．You can make a（55）　　saving of 10% by ordering the complete collection within the next thirty days．

46．A．to use	B．use	C．using	D．used
47．A．able	B．unable	C．ably	D．disable
48．A．to	B．in	C．by	D．on
49．A．which	B．who	C．what	D．whom
50．A．or	B．but	C．and	D．nor
51．A．had	B．have	C．has	D．having
52．A．These	B．Each	C．Every	D．Either
53．A．must	B．ought	C．need	D．can
54．A．money	B．worth	C．shop	D．price
55．A．far	B．further	C．close	D．closer

You plan a date with a friend．But something happens． You（1）　　 arrive on time．What can you   （2）　　？You can let your friend know．Send （3）　　 a text message．You can say，"I am coming． But I am running late．" Then apologize （道歉）． Say， " （4）　　 "． Then give a reason． "Traffic is very bad today．" Everyone is late sometimes． But always try to be on time!

    Do you have trouble being on time？ You can do some things to avoid being late． Give yourself plenty of （5）　　 to get to a place． How much time do you need？ Decide that， and then add five or ten minutes．You never know when something will delay （延误）you．To help you keep on schedule，set （6）　　 alarms． When the first alarm rings， stop working and （7）　　 ready to go． When the second alarm rings， walk （8）　　 the door． Then you will be on time．

（1）A． can't	B． mustn't	C． shouldn't
（2）A． say	B． do	C． give
（3）A． him	B． her	C． him or her
（4）A． Hello	B． I'm sorry	C． Thank you
（5）A． money	B． time	C． reasons
（6）A． two	B． three	C． four
（7）A． getting	B． get	C． /
（8）A． on	B． in	C． out

Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads．Sometimes the drivers drive too（41） 　 　　or do not drive carefully enough．Some of them（42） 　 　the traffic rules and cause accidents．

According to some researches，it is usually the pedestrians步行者who cause the （43） 　 　．A lot of road users are very careless．They walk or run across the roads（44） 　 　the cars．They walk in the roads but not on the walkways．They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road．Some do not take the trouble to（45） 　 　green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights.

Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities，but this is not（46） 　 　true．（47） 　 　，Tokyo is one of the world's largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities however，there are（48） 　 　accidents to pedestrians．The reason is that the police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful．Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they always follow traffic rules．

Do you know alcohol酒精is another main cause of traffic accidents？It delays people's response．Those who have drunk alcohol are（49） 　 　in making decisions．They need a few more（50） 　 　to react （ 反应 ）．Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers．It is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking．Drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well．

41．A．slow	B．fast	C．slowly	D．carefully
42．A．make	B．remember	C．follow	D．break
43．A．problems	B．accidents	C．games	D．results
44．A．at the end of	B．in the centre of	C．in front of	D．on top of
45．A．wait for	B．worry about	C．turn on	D．point out
46．A．never	B．often	C．always	D．sometimes
47．A．In addition	B．For example	C．By the way	D．On the other hand
48．A．few	B．many	C．enough	D．some
49．A．slow	B．active	C．interested	D．excited
50．A．days	B．hours	C．minutes	D．seconds

Body image ﹣ the way people feel about their looks ﹣ is a big problem for many young people today．According to a（1） 　　，more than half the teenage girls in the USA think（2） 　　should be on a diet（节食），and almost one in five teenage boys are（3） 　　about their bodies and their weight．

But what's the cause？In the study，many blame（责备）the media（媒体）．Turn on the TV and you'll（4） 　　see beautiful models，handsome actors and fit sports stars．（5） 　　a magazine or a newspaper，look through the Internet，and it's usually（6） 　　．

Many young people feel pressure to（7） 　　these "perfect" people．But for most，this is just not possible．In the USA，the average（平均的）woman is 163 cm tall and weighs 64 kilos，（8） 　　the average model is 180 cm tall and weighs 53 kilos．

When people don't look the way many（9） 　　people look，they may become less confident．Some stop eating（10） 　　in order to lose weight．Students can lose so much confidence that they start to（11） 　　taking part in classroom activities at school．

Body image problems don't（12） 　　as we get older，either．In the UK，for example，women over 50 spend more money on cosmetics（化妆品）than any other（13） 　　group．Older men spend a lot of money trying to（14） 　　hair loss（损失）．

Is there a solution to the problem？A 2016 study in the UK suggested that body image lessons should be provided in（15） 　　．Others believe it's a problem that all of society needs to deal with．As Meaghan Ramsey says，"We need to judge（批判）people by what they do，not what they look like．"

（1）A．newspaper	B．magazine	C．study	D．book
（2）A．we	B．they	C．you	D．she
（3）A．confident	B．sure	C．worried	D．happy
（4）A．probably	B．hardly	C．never	D．finally
（5）A．Get	B．Open	C．Take	D．Find
（6）A．the same	B．different	C．special	D．interesting
（7）A．look after	B．look for	C．look at	D．look like
（8）A．because	B．although	C．but	D．of
（9）A．kind	B．strong	C．young	D．famous
（10）A．early	B．properly	C．slowly	D．carefully
（11）A．enjoy	B．stop	C．finish	D．forget
（12）A．come	B．continue	C．disappear	D．happen
（13）A．age	B．job	C．hobby	D．man
（14）A．make	B．avoid	C．refuse	D．protect
（15）A．supermarkets	B．streets	C．parks	D．schools

Have you ever been to Thailand？ For thousands of tourists from China， this small country in Southeast Asia is an excellent place to（1）　　． Bangkok（曼谷）is the （2）___　　 of Thailand． There

are many temples（寺庙） in Bangkok． You can（3）　　some monks（僧侣） walking along the streets．

    The（4）　　time to visit Thailand is from April 13^th to 15^th，because it is the time of （5）　　． People sing， dance and go on the streets to（6）　　 water at each other． The local people think that water can wash away bad things and bring good luck．

    On the one hand， beaches and sunshine are a lot of travelers' choices． In this country， there are many hotels facing the sea， so you can have fun on the beach or （7）　　in the sea． On the other hand，Thailand is a good place to try （8）　　food． You can eat seafood at any restaurant or buy some tropical（热带的） fruit such as mangoes and durians（榴莲）at（9）　　prices．

    If you go to Thailand， you won't forget to （10）　　 an elephant． The elephant is a symbol of

Thailand． It's believed that Thailand is one of the most fascinating travel places．

（1）A． take a holiday	B．take the bus	C． take risks
（2）A． world	B．countryside	C．capital
（3）A． hear	B． see	C． listen
（4）A． most	B． worst	C． best
（5）A． the Water Festival	B．Christmas	C． Thanksgiving
（6）A．look	B．throw	C． arrive
（7）A．swim	B．walk	C． lose
（8）A．terrible	B． sour	C． delicious
（9）A．cheap	B． expensive	C．low
（10）A．hit	B． ride	C．drive

There are purple clothes， purple handbags， purple bicycles， purple furniture， even purple computers! So purple is one of the most（1） 　　colors today． But in the past， purple was a very expensive and unusual color． Let's take a look at the rich（2） 　　of the color purple．

Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago（3） 　　looked purple， not green． Plants today are green because（4） 　　use green chlorophyll （叶绿素） to produce energy． （5） 　　these early plants probably used something called retinal， which is a dark purple color．

During the time of the Roman Empire （37BC﹣476AD）， it was very（6） 　　to make purple dye （染料）． The dye came from sea snails （海螺）．But 10，000 dead sea snails（7） 　　you just one gram （克）of purple dye…as well as a very bad smell! This（8） 　　purple dye was called Tyrian purple， and it was the preferred（9） 　　of emperors．

In 16th﹣﹣century England， purple was（10） 　　for the kings family members． Queen Elizabeth I's clothes were purple， but ordinary people were not allowed to（11） 　　the color．

In 1856， William Perkin， an 18﹣year﹣old（12） 　　student， noticed something strange while doing an experiment （实验）． The chemicals （化学药品） he used to clean his instruments（13） 　　with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color． This（14） 　　led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye． The dye was much（15） 　　than sea﹣snail dye． Thanks to Perkin， now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes．

（1）A． peaceful	B． popular	C． exciting	D． serious
（2）A． history	B． style	C． research	D． product
（3）A． gradually	B． especially	C． exactly	D． probably
（4）A． others	B． they	C． we	D． some
（5）A． And	B． So	C． But	D． Until
（6）A． dangerous	B． common	C． difficult	D． strange
（7）A． got	B． passed	C． wasted	D． cost
（8）A． basic	B． harmful	C． special	D． perfect
（9）A． color	B． smell	C． plant	D． animal
（10）A． even	B． never	C． seldom	D． only
（11）A． wear	B． sell	C． change	D． make
（12）A． geography	B． science	C． art	D． math
（13）A． compared	B． mixed	C． collected	D． kept
（14）A． survey	B． suggestion	C． discovery	D． exam
（15）A． healthier	B． thicker	C． cheaper	D． darker