专题26 阅读理解 科普或环保或健康类 （压轴题）

【2014年内蒙古呼和浩特市中考】
The police find most criminals (罪犯) because somebody tells them who the criminals are. They find other criminals by using science and their computers. When there is a bank robbery (抢劫), the police first look through their computers for the names of the bank robbers that they know about. Then they go and talk to any of these robbers who are not in prison (监狱). They ask them where they were when the robbery happened. If any of these people cannot give a good answer, the police will often use science to find out if one of them is the robber.
Many criminals leave something of themselves at the places of the crimes like a fingerprint or a hair. Or they take something away on their shoes or clothes, like dirt or animal hair. If they leave behind some of their blood or their hair or a piece of skin, it will have their DNA inside it.
Everyone’s DNA is different and their fingerprints are also different. So, if a criminal cuts himself during a robbery or leaves his hair, or even a small piece of skin, scientists can find out what his DNA is. The police can then ask the person they think is the robber to give them his hair or some blood and see if it has the same DNA. Many criminals are in prison today because of this kind of evidences .
根据上文内容判断正 ( T ) 误( F )
Usually the police find criminals because they use their computer.
The police do not usually ask criminals who are in prison about a crime because these criminals could not have done it.
The most useful evidences that criminals leave at the places of their crimes are things with their DNA in them.
Many criminals usually take something away only on their shoes after the crimes.
The story is about a bank robbery.

【2014年山东省临沂市中考】
What will the car be like in the future? Maybe we can sit in a car that can drive itself.
About 40 years ago, scientists from the United States started to develop self-driving cars (无人驾驶汽车). The most famous recent one was made by Google in 2009. There are cameras and radars (雷达) on the top of the car. They allow the computer in the car to draw a 3D map of the environment. Chinese scientists have also successfully developed a self-driving car. The car made a trip from Changsha to Wuhan.
Is a self-driving car safe? A recent study shows that robots make safer drivers than humans. If only 10% of cars on the street are self-driving, they will save 1,000 lives (生命) every year. If 90% of vehicles (交通工具) are self-driving, 21,700 lives will be saved a year. However, a self-driving car is expensive and each costs about $100,000. So it is impossible to be very popular in the near future.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。
American scientists started to develop self-driving cars in 2009.
Cameras and computers are on the top of the self-driving car by Google.
In China, scientists have successfully developed a self-driving car.
The more self-driving cars there are on the street, the fewer traffic deaths there will be.
The self-driving cars will be very popular in the near future.

【2014年四川省乐山市中考】
Usually, students are not encouraged to run or jump around in the corridor (走廊). However,students in a British grammar school really enjoy running on the corridor tiles (瓷砖) and their teachers even encourage them to do that.
Why? It is because the corridor was built with special kinetic (动能的) tiles. When students jump on the tiles, electricity will be generated ( 产生). After one year, the electricity generated from the tiles can fully charge 853 mobile phones or power(供电) an electric car to drive seven miles. It’s amazing, isn’t it?
The corridor tiles are really a brilliant invention. Students can not only play on the corridor,but also help power the lights in their school corridors and other devices ( 设备) in their classrooms. Besides, this is a good way to teach students to be creative. They will be inspired to be scientists, inventors and engineers in the future to find clean energy for all humans.
The inventor of the magic corridor tiles is Laurence Kemball-Cook. He was once a student in this school. Now, he is CEO of his own company. The corridor tiles are not Laurence’s only invention. He has also invented a special dance floor, which can be used at music festivals. It allows dancers to charge their mobile phones while they are dancing on the dance floor.
Why do the students in the passage enjoy running on the corridor tiles?
A. Because the corridor tiles are expensive.
B. Because the teachers ask them to do that.
C. Because the corridor was built with special tiles.
After one year, the electricity generated from the tiles can provide enough energy for _______.
A. over 800 mobile phones
B. all the lights of the school
C. an electric car to drive70 miles
The underlined word “inspired” most probably means “ _________”.
A. encouraged B. forced C. trained
What else has Laurence invented besides the corridor tiles from the passage?
A. A mobile phone.
B. A music player.
C. A special dance floor.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Students are not allowed to walk in the corridor.
B. Laurence once studied in the British grammar school.
C. Laurence has more than one company of his own.

【2014年福建省莆田市中考】
What do people usually put in their living rooms? Perhaps you will think of something such as a TV, a coffee table or a sofa. But French designers Mathieu Lehanneur and Anthony van den Bossche didn’t think that was enough. They wanted to add something new in people’s living rooms. So they created a do-it-yourself ecosystem(生态系统) named “Local River”. The system lets its owner grow fish and plants inside tanks (缸) in their living rooms.
In the DIY fish and gardening ecosystem, the plants on top of the tank feed on the waste of the fish below. It makes the water clean so the fish can go on living. In this way, the fish and plants in the“Local River”can keep the balanced environment,  and only need a little help from the owner. The system is also called “fridge-aquarium(冰箱水族馆) ”by some people because owners can use the fish and plants as food. That is to say, owners are able to grow fish and plants within the "Local River" before eating them. Almost any plant can grow on top of the tanks and most freshwater fish are able to live in the tanks below.
The“Local River”ecosystem from Paris comes in small and large models. It is a relaxing thing to have in your home.

根据短文内容, 从题中所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案 ( 10分)
From the passage we know the system lets its owner grow_______.

The plants of the system feed on_______.

Why is the system called “fridge-aquarium” by some people?

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. All fish are able to live in the tanks below.
B. The designer Mathieu Lehanneur comes from France.
C: The "Local River" can keep the balanced environment by itself.
D. In the DIY fish and gardening ecosystem, the plants grow under the tank.
What is the best title of the passage?

【2014年福建省漳州市中考】
根据所提供的内容，从四个选项中选择最佳答案。
Butterflies are common all over the world，but butterflies in hotter countries are usually bigger and more brightly colored than those in coo1er countries，and there are more different kinds．
Usually the male(雄性的)butterflies are more brightly colored than the females．The females have bigger and heavier bodies since they carry the eggs．The bright colors of the males help to attract the females，and the duller(较暗淡的)colors of the females make them less likely(可能的)to be caught by enemies before they have laid their eggs．
Some butterflies have bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings that show when flying ,but when they rest on a tree or leaves , they close their wings．On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks which look like the tree or leaves．They are then difficult to be seen．The best example of this is the Dead Leaf Butterfly．When its wings are c1osed，it looks exactly like a dead leaf．There are even marks that look like the holes in a dead leaf．When the butterfly is run after by a bird，it closes its wings and seems to have disappeared completely．
Many butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes．The round marks have a useful function(功能)．When the butterflies are resting，their wings are closed，and these marks can’t be seen.  When a bird sees one，and begins to attack it，the butterfly will open its Wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it，frightened，and flies away．
The female butterflies have bigger and heavier bodies than the males because _______

The duller colors of the female butterflies ___________ .

The underlined word“that”in Paragraph 3 refer to______．

when run after by a bird，the Dead Leaf Butterfly _________.

The last paragraph mainly tells US________

【2014年甘肃省兰州市中考】
阅读下面三段材料，根据材料内容和要求，回答问题。
As human beings, we depend on plants for a number of reasons. They give us food, wood to build houses and furniture, paper, medicines and clothes. Like all living things, plants also have their own life cycle. The following picture can help you understand it.

根据以上科普材料，在1至4处填写A、B、C、D四段文字，使其相匹配；并回答第5小题。
A. A small shoot comes from the seed.
B. The plant forms seeds and the life cycle starts all over again.
C. The shoot grows and becomes bigger. It can get energy from the sunshine. Roots start forming and going into the soil.
D. The stem becomes stronger and taller. It starts having leaves and flowers.
What is the best title of this passage?

【2014年湖北省荆州市中考】
先阅读短文，然后根据短文内容从文后每小题的四个选项中，选出一个能完成所给句子或回答所提问题的最佳答案。
Many young people use computers, but few of them know how to look after them. Remember the following when you use your computer.
◆Keep your computer in a cool room. Too much or too little heat is bad for computers. Most computers work best at a temperature of 5 ºC—30 ºC.
◆Don’t let people smoke cigarette(香烟）near your computer. Smoke of all kinds is very bad for many parts of a computer and can cause many problems.
◆Don’t eat or drink when you are near your computer. Pieces of food and a little water in the keyboard can also cause many problems.
◆Make sure the screen is the correct distance from your eyes. If you wear glasses, make sure these glasses are correct for using with the computer. Some people use a different pair of glasses when they use a computer.
◆Keep your screen clean and don’t have it too bright. A dirty screen can hurt your eyes. A very bright screen can also be bad for your eyes.
According to the passage you should use your computer           .

When you work on the computer, you can             .

If you want to look after your eyes, you should             when you use computers.

【2014年湖北省荆州市中考】
先阅读短文，然后根据短文内容从文后每小题的四个选项中，选出一个能完成所给句子或回答所提问题的最佳答案。
March 21 is World Sleep Day. How’s your sleep recently?
The Chinese Medical Doctor Association asked 8,200 people in China about their sleep. More than 36.3 percent of them said they often sleep badly. The study also finds that many students have only 5 hours of sleep a day. According to the US National Sleep Foundation, teenagers need 8.5 to 9 hours of sleep every night.
What cuts into their sleeping time? Homework. Also, school starts early in the morning. But bad sleeping habits also play a role.
Do you like to have a look at your mobile phone before going to bed? The survey finds that 60 percent of people check their phones before they sleep. They read news, check their WeChat (微信) and micro blog(博客) messages, or chat with QQ friends.
It’s important for us to get enough sleep. If we can't get enough sleep, we'll feel sleepy and think slowly. And sleepy kids are often unhappy, says a study by the US National Sleep Foundation.
We can’t change our school time. But there are still ways to get better sleep. Stay away from soda, coffee and tea at night. They make it hard to sleep well. Leave your mobile phone and computer on your desk. Watch less TV.
Look at these numbers in the box. They are glycemic indexes (血糖生成指数). The bigger the number is, the better that food can help you to get better sleep.

How many hours of sleep do teenagers need every night according                to the passage?

Many students can’t get enough sleep because        .

When people can’t get enough sleep, they may       .

In the passage if you want to get better sleep, you should       .

【2014年江苏省淮安市中考】
With the development of science and technology, our dailylife is becoming more colorful and more convenient.
An Underwater Hotel
It looks like a spaceship but it is actually a picture of an underwater hotel. A company plans to build the hotel in the sea which is about 15metres below the surface(表面).The whole building is underwater and you can get to it by swimming and diving.
Google Glass
Google Glass is a pair of glasses with a battery(电池)hidden inside the frame(边框). It can perform many of the same tasks as smart phones. The glass has hidden camera and a tiny screen. It is designed to take hands-free photos or videos of anything people are doing.
A New Kind of shirt
Hate washing clothes? You’re going to love this kind of shirt made by an American clothing company, Wool Prince. This shirt can be worn for 100 straight days without washing! The Wool Prince shirt never needs ironing(熨烫).
The Digital(数字) Library
Can you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into companies? The first bookless public library is planned to open in San Antonio, Texas, America. Computers will take the place of books soon.
The underwater hotel is about _______meters below the surface.

You needn’t use ______ when you take photos or video with Google Glass.

You can wear the Wool&Prince shirt for about ______ without washing.

The digital Library tells us something about a library without ______.

Which one of the following can reduce our housework in our daily life?
A. The underwater hotel     B Google Glass
C. The Wool&Prince shirt    D. The digital Library

【2014年山东省威海市中考】
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后面每小题所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案。（每小题1.5分）
Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles? Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy — you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in the summer.
However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source(资源) of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we recycled all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we don’t recycle much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks recycled only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and sees. So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you recycled it, you would help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a recycling bin near you? Well, there are loes of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in half, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.

What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage?

Plastic products are made from          .

         of plastic waste became rubbish in Greece in 2006.

Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles?

The underlined part in this passage tells us “        ”.

【2014年甘肃省兰州市中考】
This is a story from a meeting held by some people and two things in nature. We call it the Four-Sided Talk. Let's "listen to" everyone carefully and find out what they think.

阅读以上“四方会谈"的内容，回答下列问题。
What doesn't the old tree tell us?

What's the meaning of the underlined word "disasters"?

Why do some people get sick after drinking the water from the river?

What have the United Nations made up their minds to do from the passage?

What will people do according to the passage?
①Over-use the resources.
② Make good use of the resources.
③ Start a global group.
④  Protect the earth.

【2014年江苏省南通市中考】
These days haze（雾霾）is around us here and there. In fact，everyone has the power to change their living habits to help reduce it. Many local governments call on their people to take action to make the air cleaner.
Transport is one of the biggest contributors（促成物）to haze. When，where，how，why and what you drive all affect air quality. When one drives to work for one year，he uses as much energy as a bus rider uses in 10 years. So walk or ride your bicycle to work or school whenever possible. If it is necessary，you can use public transport instead of your car. Each person using public transport for a year instead of a car can save nearly a tonne of pollutants，including CO₂，from going into the atmosphere.
Carpooling is another way to reduce carbon emissions（排放）.Carpooling is the sharing of car journeys so that more than one person travels in a car. It immediately reduces your car’s emissions by half.
What you do inside your living space can have a big effect on the air quality outside it. You can do a lot of things inside and around your home that will help you pollute less and save some money.
A large amount of our energy supply comes from burning coal，another contributor to haze. By cutting down your electricity use，you are cutting down on haze. So you may try to reduce your use of electricity by turning off lights，using your air conditioner wisely during the summer months，or updating some of your electrical appliances to low-energy models. For example，you can use energy-saving lamps that require less energy and last 10 times longer than common bulbs.
Which does the writer think should play an important rode in reducing haze？

We can infer（推断）from the passage that the writer thinks           .

We should reduce the use of electricity mainly because           .

Which can be the best title for the passage？

【2013四川雅安】Put 2 February in your diary! It is World Wetlands Day! It marks the date that the Convention(公约) on Wetlands was signed(签署)in1971.This special day was first celebrated in 1997 and it is celebrated every year.
The celebration is a call for action. It is a way to show people how important and
useful the wetlands are for people. On World Wetlands Day, people around the world take
part in many wetlands activities. People take trips to the local wetlands. There are talks
about how important the wetlands are. People get together to clean up their local wetlands
Children draw pictures to advertise the day. People also compete(比赛)in boat races.
The World Wetlands Day is important! If there are no wetlands, there will be no water for anyone in the future. Wetlands help protect nature and resources(资源)like fresh water. Already,  more than 10000 million people in the world do not have fresh water.
Many people do not know how important the wetlands are. They can understand why an
elephant or a tiger is important because they are big, beautiful animals. It is much harder for
them to understand how important the animals in the wetlands are. These small animals,
such as frogs and snails, play a very important part in keeping the balance of nature.
All plants and animals are part of the food chain(链).If the small wetlands animals
die, some animals in the food chain will have nothing to eat. They will also die. People
need the wetlands to keep the balance of nature in the world. If we do not protect nature
today，it will be gone tomorrow.
What should you put in your diary?

Where do people celebrate World Wetlands Day?

Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

Why are small animals important?

Which of the following might be the best title of the article?

【2013山东滨州】Healthy eating doesn’t just mean what you eat, but how you eat. Here is some advice on healthy eating.
Eat with others. It can help you to see others’ healthy eating habits. If you usually eat with your parents, you will find that the food you eat is more delicious.
Listen to your body. Ask yourself if you are really hungry. Have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty—sometimes you are just thirsty, you need no food. Stop eating before you feel full.
Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After you don’t eat for the past ten hours, your body needs food to get you going. You will be smarter after eating breakfast.
Eat healthy snacks like fruits, yogurt or cheese. We all need snacks sometimes. In fact, it’s a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between your three meals This doesn’t mean that you can eat  a bag of chips instead of a meal.
Don’t eat dinner late. With our busy life, we always put off eating dinner until the last minute. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance todigestmost of the food before you rest for the next 8—10 hours.
The writer gives us         pieces of advice on healthy eating.

Which snack is Not mentioned in the passage?

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

The underlined(画线)word “digest” means “        ” in Chinese.

The passage mainly tells us         .

【2013年江西】
Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons for shark attacks (攻击) suggests that sharks don’t like the way humans taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite (咬). Why is this?
There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people. One opinion is that sharks are just curious (好奇的). We know that sharks are the strongest animals in their environment, so they are not afraid of anything. Naturally, that means they are curious when they meet something unusual. Because they don’t have hands or feet., the only way they can find out an object is to bite it! It is thought that sharks sometimes bite humans for this reason, and then swim away.
Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy trying to eat a human, as we have a lot of bones (骨头). It is hard for a shark to eat us because sharks don’t have hands, and they can’t pull the meat off our bones. Maybe that’s why they only bite us once. Unluckily, one bite from a large shark is serious enough to hurt people greatly!
Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. An example of this is when a shark attack attacks a surfer. A surfer lying on a surfboard looks like a seal when seen from below. Sharks like seals because they have thick fat.
Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year.
What happens to people attacked by sharks?

How do sharks find out about an unusual object according to the passage?

Which sentence about sharks is true?

What would the author write the passage mainly for?

【2012年江西】
We humans are only born with one set of eyes, so it's our job to take care of them for our whole lives. The good news is that if we do a few simple things every day, we can maintain (保持) our eyesight and reduce (减少) the risk of ever hurting our eyes.
Almost all doctors agree that we can improve and maintain good eyesight by eating lots of fresh fruits and vegetables. It is especially important for us to eat vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes.  Besides, we need to protect our eyes when we spend a long time in bright sunlight. The best way to do. this is by wearing sunglasses that have 100% UV (紫外线)  protection. What's more, it is necessary to protect our eyes when we work with dangerous chemicals (化学物质).  For this reason we should always wear goggles in chemistry labs at work or at school. Finally, we should not spend too much time in front of the computer or television screen.Thatis why doctors advise if we have to use a computer for a long time, we should take a short break every fifteen or thirty minutes.
Maintaining good eyesight is important.If we do these few simple things we can protect our eyes and reduce the chances of losing our eyes. As the popular English expression goes, “It's all fun and game, until someone loses an eye.” When people say this, they mean that losing an eye is a very terrible thing.

When should we wear goggles?

How many pieces of advice are given in the passage?

What does the underlined word ‘that’ refers to?

Which would be the best title for the passage?

【2013年福建福州】
At East China University of Science and Technology,students will get a coupon (优惠券) if they eat up their food.Students can collect coupons and exchange them for smallgifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.
"It's been such a surprise," said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, astudent at the university in Shanghai. "It has given us onemore motivation to finish our food. "
The measure is part of a national "eat-up" campaign(行动) which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses(校园).
Why only on campuses, you might ask? Because according to a report by Xinhna News Agency,students waste twice as much food as the national average(平均).
The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country.
"The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle," said Tao Siliang, secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University.
But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it.
"I'm glad that we've reduced food waste since the 'eat-up' campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses." said Tao.

From Paragraph l,we know that the students will get a coupon .

The undedined word "motivation" in Paragraph 2 means         in Chinese.

The "eat-up" campaign is carried out on campuses because ________.

The purpose of the campaign is mainly to ________ .

The best title for this passage may be _______.

【2013年江苏盐城】
The Beijing Underground’s Line Ten will soon have 40 “reverse vending machines（有偿自动回收机）”,which will pay people for their empty plastic bottles.
“We have placed two such machines at Beijing Capital International Airport and four at the city’s underground stations. They have been well received so far,” said Feng Juan, an engineer from the company which makes the machines. “People are encouraged and paid for turning waste into treasure. More than 30,000 empty bottles have been collected since December,” she said.
If something else, such as waste paper, is thrown into the machine, the machine will spit(吐) it out.
“Supported by the government, the reverse vending machines will be introduced to colleges and universities soon,” Feng said.
The company is also considering covering morerecyclingmaterials, including used books and teaching materials.
“Long-term plans call for about 2,000 reverse vending machines to be place throughout the city in the next few years, including 80 at colleges and universities, shopping malls, communities and office buildings,” Feng said.
Chang Tao, director of the company, said that if the new project works well in the city, the company will consider offering the waste-to-treasure service to other developed cities in the eastern part of China.

At present reverse vending machines are used at __________.

Which sign probably represents the meaning of the underlined word “recycling”?

Which of the following is an opinion rather than a fact?

Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

【2012年广州深圳】Shenzhen's fast development has made it become China's most crowded city! There are about 15 million people living on its 1991square kilometers. On each square kilometer averagely live 7500 people. It is 1080 more than that in Hong Kong, and nearly 800 more than that in Guangzhou.
Besides, Shenzhen owns 2 million local vehicles, and about 300000 vehicles from other places also run on the local roads every day. The total length of the city's road is 6041 kilometers. It means each resident only owns 0.58 meters of road!
As a result, the city is facing serious environmental and resource problems. One of the problems is water shortage. The amount of fresh water for each person of the city is only 25% of the country's average. What's more, most of the water drunk by Shenzhen people comes from other areas.
According to the passage, which of the following makes Shenzhen so crowded?

There are _______ people living in Shenzhen now.

In Hong Kong, there are _______ people on every kilometer?

Which problem in Shenzhen is not mentioned in the passage?

Which is the best title for this passage?

【2012年广东深圳】Information is received into our brain by attention, and its quality determines (决定) how wellitwill be processed, saved and used afterwards.
All information we receive is chosen by our attention. Factors (因素) affecting (影响) our attention are personal interest, experience, ability, feelings, knowledge, environment, timing, and so on. The same information may attract different forms and levels of attention from different people. Some people can get and save the information easily; some may have great difficulty; while others may just turn a blind eye to it. To the same information, one may even pay different levels of attention at different times. But if the facts work together, the quality of attention may be better. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that somebody with average intelligence (智力) can have excellent performances in some fields.
The good news is that a person's attention can be shaped, trained and made stronger by effective exercise. With this in mind, we should keep improving the quality of our attention.
"it" in Paragraph 1 means _______.

All information we receive depends on _______.

Which is not the factor that affects our attention according to the passage?

About attention, which of the following statements is right?

According to the passage, _______ can help people to make their attention better.