2019年全国统一高考英语试卷（北京卷）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ________ (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. "How will I make friends?" She handed me advice. "Be yourself." For the past 20 years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously ________ (face) challenges. I know I will whisper to ________ (I) the two simple words "Be yourself".

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Earth Day, ________ (mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ________ (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power-the possibilities are endless.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question ________ (suggest) that, for most students, it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life. taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ________ (meaning) college experience.

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.

A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been         1       free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started         2       his car to the young people. Wilson has         3       am astonishing 64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous         4       with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's         5       have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students         6       call him "Grandpa".

Tina Stern         7       rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free         8       . "It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in         9       silence or with your headphones on." Stern said. "He asks you questions and actually         10       the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll         11       those things."

Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organisation. On Point for College. Although the         12       asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes         13       to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.

Wilson is there to         14       them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never         15       to buy them a meal.

For many students, Wilson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely         16       for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to         17       vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has         18       them to complete their education-but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the         19       . "I just love driving and I love these kids, "Wilson said. "It's such a(n)         20       to be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association (GDA).Whatever stage of life you're at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community (社区).

We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24. Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes. We have such roles as project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.

Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water, or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.

Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends.

This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:

GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.

There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.

Find out more about joining a GDA programme:

Website: www.glodeve.org

Email: humanresources@glodeve.org

（1）What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?            

（2）The programme beginning in August will operate in ________.            

（3）The shared goal of GDA's projects to ________.            

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.

It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.

With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.

Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.

As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.

Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.

（1）How did Moore react to her dad's warning?            

（2）What is special about CanCandy?            

（3）What does Moore expect from her business?            

（4）What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?            

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" (解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.

That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.

These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, ricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.

We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications-using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.

Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.

（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?            

（2）taking advantage of the new technologies, scammer can ________.            

（3）What does the passage imply?            

（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?            

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerableto the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing." she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing."

（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?            

（2）What does the underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?            

（3）What can we learn from the passage?            

（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?            

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Much of the work in today's world is accomplished (完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ________ Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?

________ They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team's performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance.

To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate (协调) their actions. ________ In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." ________

Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war (拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.

________. An A-team may require a balance-not just a players, but a few generous B players as well.

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：①交通出行；②必备衣物。

注意：①词数不少于50；②开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周组织了一次以"劳动最光荣"为主题的社会实践活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。

注意：词数不少于60。

提示词：西瓜watermelon