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Chang'e 3 is a lunar(月球的) exploration mission operated by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), incorporating a robotic lander and China's first lunar rover.
The spacecraft was named after Chang'e, the goddess of the Moon, and is a follow-up to the Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2 lunar orbiters. The rover was named Yutu following an online poll, after the mythological rabbit that lives on the Moon as a pet of the Moon goddess.
Chang'e 3 achieved lunar orbit on 6 December 2013 and landed on 14 December 2013, becoming the first probe to soft-land on the Moon since Luna 24 in 1976.
In January 2004, the People's Republic of China's lunar orbiter project was formally established. The first Chinese lunar orbiter, Chang'e 1, was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center on 24 October 2007 and entered lunar orbit on 5 November. The spacecraft operated until 1 March 2009, when it was intentionally impacted into the surface of the Moon. Data gathered by Chang'e 1 were used to create an accurate 3-D map of the entire lunar surface, assisting site selection for the Chang'e 3 lander.
Chang'e 1's successor, Chang'e 2, was approved on October 2008 and was launched on 1 October 2010 to conduct research from a 100-km-high lunar orbit, in preparation for Chang'e 3's 2013 soft landing. Chang'e 2, though similar in design to Chang'e 1, was equipped with improved instruments and provided higher-resolution imagery of the lunar surface to assist in the planning of the Chang'e 3 mission.
In March 2012, China began manufacturing the body and payload of the Chang'e 3 lander, which will attempt to perform lunar surface and space studies independently of the mission's mobile rover.
Like its orbiting predecessors, the Chang'e 3 mission is planned as a precursor(先驱)to further robotic lunar exploration missions, including Chang'e 5, a sample return mission planned for 2017. Following these automated missions, a manned landing may be conducted around 2025.
Chang'e 3 will attempt to perform the first direct measurement of the structure and depth of the lunar soil down to a depth of 30 m (98 ft), and investigate the lunar crust(壳) structure down to several hundred meters deep.
The development of the six-wheeled rover began in 2002 and was completed in May 2010. It has a total mass of approximately 120 kg, with a payload capacity of approximately 20 kg. It can perform simple analysis of soil samples and may transmit video in real time. It can navigate inclines(斜坡) and has automatic sensors to prevent it from colliding(碰撞) with other objects.
The rover was successfully deployed from the lander, and it made contact with the lunar surface on 14 December. After taking pictures of each other the lander and rover will start their respective science missions. The rover is designed to explore an area of 3 square kilometres during its 3-month mission, with a maximum travelling distance of 10 km.
Title: Chang’e 3 |
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It is a lunar exploration mission operated by CNSA, incorporating a robotic lander and China's first lunar rover. |
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Name Source |
It was named after the goddess of the Moon, __ |
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The History of China’s Lunar Exploration Program |
The program |
In January 2004,it was formally established. |
Chang'e 1 |
On 24 October 2007, it was launched and entered lunar orbit on 5 November. |
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On 1 March 2009, it was impacted into the surface of the Moon on purpose. |
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To help select a proper __ |
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Chang’e 2 |
On October 2008, it was approved and launched __ |
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Its mission was to conduct research for Chang’e 3 soft landing. |
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Although __ |
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Chang’e 3 |
Started in March 2012, it achieved lunar orbit on 6 December 2013 and landed 8 days later, becoming the __ |
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The objectives are to measure the structure and depth of lunar soil and investigate the lunar crust to a great __ |
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Chang’e 5 |
A sample return mission planned for 2017. |
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Around 2025 |
A manned landing may be conducted. |
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Information about the rover |
It was began in 2002 and completed in 2010, __ It has many __ After the first __ |