高中英语信息词选择试题

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s summertime-time once again for mosquitoes to make their appearance. And once they appear, mosquitoes are a total pain. They land on you,  bite you, suck out some blood and leave behind an itchy welt（发痒的红肿）.
  1  Female mosquitoes must find blood in order to reproduce, so mosquitoes come equipped with finely tuned sensors to help them locate the blood they need.
Mosquitoes’ weapons
Mosquitoes have perfected three different types of sensors. First, mosquitoes can sense several different chemicals. Mosquitoes can smell carbon dioxide and lactic acid（乳酸）up to 100 feet away.   2 
Second, mosquitoes have very good eyesight. If you are wearing clothing that contrasts with the background, and if you move while wearing that clothing, mosquitoes can see you. It’s a good bet that anything moving is alive, and therefore full of blood.
Finally, mosquitoes come equipped with temperature sensors, so they can find warm-blood mammals and birds very easily.
  3  The female mosquito sticks her proboscis（喙）into you. She sucks about five microliters of your blood into her abdomen.
After she has bitten you, some saliva（唾液）remains in the wound.   4  The area swells and you tich. Eventually, the selling goes away, but the itch remains until your immune cells break down the saliva proteins.
Our defense methods
Because mosquitoes are both a nuisance（讨厌的东西） and a danger, people prefer to stay away from mosquitoes. One way to do that is to use a chemical called DEET, which seems to black a mosquito’s chemical sensors.   5  In some cities there are even trucks that drive around town to spray for mosquitoes. Finally there are to traps. The most popular traps turn propane（丙烷） into carbon dioxide and warmth to attract mosquitoes. Over time, by catching large numbers of mosquitoes, these traps can cause the collapse of the mosquito population in the area.

A．Another way to control mosquitoes is with insecticides（杀虫剂） that kill them.

B．How mosquitoes work is unknown to most of us.

C．Once a mosquito lands on you, it is time to bite.

D．Some bites of mosquitoes are more serious than you thought.

E. Mammals and birds give off these gases as part of their normal breathing.
F. The proteins from the saliva create an immune response from your body.
G. But if you ignore the fact that mosquitoes are so annoying they really are amazing.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中两项为多余选项。
How to Show Respect to Your Coworkers
If you want to reduce the stress in your work environment, one of the best things you can do is to show respect to your coworkers. Showing respect will earn you respect. _____ Respect is the first building block for the success of any relationship.
Use your manners. Greet your coworkers as you enter and exit work for the day. Always use “please”, “Thank you” and “pardon me”. If you do, all of your requests will be seen as just that and not orders. _____ It means everything from covering your mouth when you sneeze or yawn, to holding the door or elevator open when you see your coworker coming.
Make pleasant small talks. You do not have to talk for hours or know everything about your coworker. Generally, people enjoy and feel more comfortable in working environments where they know each other.
Lend a helping hand. This doesn’t mean that you have to be a martyr(受苦者), but don’t always take the “that’s not my job” attitude either. If you are having a particularly light day, or you see one of your coworkers drowning in work, offer to help. ______ It’ll probably make you feel good too.
Apologize if you are wrong and be modest. No one likes a show-off. You can talk about    the good characteristics, traits and relationships in your life without making people feel like you    think you are better than they are. ______ Coworkers will take notice.
_____ Being positive not only lifts your spirits, but also lifts the spirits of those around you. No one wants to be around someone who is constantly negative or always complaining. It’s just not professional.

A．Manners can be actions as well.

B．Speak encouraging words to others.

C．Actually some coworkers don’t need our respect.

D．Your coworker will appreciate your generous efforts.

E. Avoid standing, sitting or talking too close to someone.
F. It also allows you to get to know and befriend your coworkers.
G. No one is perfect, but what makes up your character is how you handle your mistakes.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　 　 Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries.They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.
　 　 Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry.　The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment．Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.
　　　However,  these laws are not strict enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.
　　　However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

A．So the bad effects can be clearly seen.

B．It is true that Brazil has laws against pollution,

C．For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim.

D．The pollution in Cubatao is caused by the changes of the companiess.

Ｅ．The government should play an important role in controlling pollution.
Ｆ．Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物)．
Ｇ．The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips of losing weight:  Weight loss is a hard topic. Lots of people aren’t satisfied with their present weight, but most people aren’t sure how to change it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic for you.    
So what should you do about your weight control?
   The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian (营养师).         If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.
   People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measure usually gain back all of the pounds they lost, because they haven’t permanently (永久的) changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.
Small changes are a lot easier to stick with than large ones. Try reducing the size of what you eat.         Once you have that done, start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life.
It’s a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because it’s just that healthy.

A．Try giving up regular soda for a week.

B．Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you’re full.

C．Weight management is about long-term success.

D．Besides, no magical diet will make you look like someone else.

E. Being healthy is really about being at a weight that is right for you.
F. Changing from hole to nonfat or low-fat milk is also a good idea.
G. They will compare your weight with healthy standards and help you set goals.

根据短文内容，从下框的选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。(涂卡时，E涂AB，F涂AC)

Know your introduction and your conclusion. Channel your nervous energy. Know your audience. Use deep-breathing techniques. Be prepared Select an appropriate topic.

 
How you calm yourself before giving a speech? Both modern research and centuries of experience from experienced public speakers suggest some practical advice.
_____
Know to whom you’ll be speaking, and learn as much about your audience as you can. The more you can anticipate the kind of reaction your listeners will have to your speech, the more comfortable you’ll be in delivering your message. Be audience-centered rather than speaker-centered.
_____
You will feel less nervous if you talk about something you are familiar with or have some personal experience of. Your comfort with the subject of the speech will be reflected in your delivery.
_____
The better prepared you are, the less anxiety you will experience. Being prepared means that you have researched your topic and practiced your speech several times before you deliver it.
_____
You are likely to feel the most anxious during the opening moments of your speech. Therefore, it is a good idea to have a clear plan for how you will start your speech. Being familiar with your introduction will help you feel more comfortable about the entire speech. If you know how you will end your speech, you will have a safe harbour in case you lose your place. If you need to end your speech ahead of time, a well-delivered conclusion can permit you to make a graceful exit.
____
One of the symptoms(症状) of nervousness is a change in your breathing and heart rates. Nervous speakers tend to take short, shallow breaths. To help break the anxiety—reduce breathing pattern, consider taking a few slow deep breaths before you rise to speak.

Make sure the respondent has enough information
Remember your survey’s purpose
Keep your questions simple
Include only one topic per question
If in doubt, throw it out
Avoid leading questions
Write more effective survey questions
Naturally, no question is “good” in all situations, but there are some general rules to follow. Using these rules and examples will help you write useful questions.
_______________
All other rules and guidelines are based on this one. There was a reason you decided to spend your time and money to do your survey, and you should ensure that every question you ask supports that reason. If you start to get lost while writing your questions, refer back to this rule.
_______________
This is another way of stating the first rule, but it is important enough to repeat. A question should never be included in a survey because you can’t think of a good reason to discard it. If you cannot come up with a concrete benefit that will result from the question, don’t use it.
________________
Compound sentences force respondents to keep a lot of information in their heads, and are likely to produce unpredictable results. Example: “Imagine a situation where the production supervisor is away from the line, a series of defective parts is being manufactured, and you just heard that a new client requires ten thousand of these parts in order to make their production schedule. How empowered do you feel by your organization to stop the line and make the repairs to the manufacturing equipment?” This question is too complex for a clear, usable answer. Try breaking it down into components parts.
_______________
How would you interpret the responses to “Please rate your satisfaction with the amount and kind of care you received while in the hospital.” or, a question asking about speed and accuracy? If you want to be able to come up with specific recommended actions, you need specific questions.
________________
Asking respondents “How effective has this company’s new distribution program been?” may not be as effective as “Recently, we used a new distribution system. Did you know this?” Followed by “Have you seen any positive benefits resulting from this change?” It can be beneficial to break down questions that require background information into two parts: a screening item describing the situation which asks if the respondent knows about it, and a follow-up question addressing attitudes the respondent has about the topic.

根据短文内容，从下框A~F选项中选出能概括每段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. A sense of humour helps us from several aspects. B. A sense of humour can be developed in our life. C. A sense of humour is not an inborn ability. D. A sense of humour means more than telling jokes. E. A sense of humour can be expressed in many ways. F. A sense of humour helps people to better enjoy life.

 64. _______
As awareness of the benefits of humour increases, most of us want to get all the laughs we can. It seems that almost every day there is another new discovery about the power of humour to help us physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Every system of the body responds to laughter in some important or positive way .
65.________
Many people mistakenly believe that we are born with a sense of humour. They think that when it comes to a sense of humour. “either you have got it or you don't . ” This is false! What is true, however, is that the ability to laugh and smile is actually something we are born with. For example, we laugh when we are tickled under the arm, even without thinking about how to react.
66._________  
The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth in human infants, but that is not the same thing as having a sense of humour. (After all, when a baby laughs in his small bed we don’t rush over and say, “That kid has a great sense of humour!”) Your sense of humour is something you can develop over a lifetime. Don’t be nervous before others and try to laugh at yourself-then you will make them laugh too.
67.________
Humour includes a lot more than laughing and joke telling. Many people worry needlessly that they do not have a good sense of humour because they are not good joke tellers. More than jokes, a sense of humour requires being willing and able to see the funny side of life’s situations as they happen. In fact, one of the best definitions（定义）of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation. ”
68. _________
There may be a thousand different ways to express your sense of humour, but joke telling is only one of those ways. As more is discovered about how humour benefits our life, more people will be able to see and enjoy the humour when they are in a difficult situation. Life depends on air, food and water, but it is made easier to live with a good sense of humour.

______You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so. however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list. you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. ______ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of eeverything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. _______ Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. _______ If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test,so don, t be over worried.
_______ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

A．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.

B．Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.

C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.

D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.

E. Maybe you are an average student.
F. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher asys in class.
G. This will help you understand the next class.

Smiling
　　People smile at times. ____71______.Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and amusement, but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view:
_____72_____.Every one smiles at each other, this nonverbal communication shows being friendly in the United States. However，in China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid being embarrassed. ____73____. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer（嘲笑）. For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, which is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.
When a person from the United States might blush（脸红）with embarrassment or become offensive, a Chinese might blush with smile. To avoid serious misunderstanding, people who engage in intercultural communication should be able to understand the meaning of smiling appropriately.____74______ Also; different cultures have different meanings about laugh. For example, Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes from the deepest emotions. _____75_______.

A．Related to the smile is the laugh.

B．Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment.

C．Nonverbal communication is important because it is culture-related. It is based on different beliefs, religions, values and customs in different cultures.

D．However, most Chinese seldom laugh that way because they are thought to be silly except among close friends.

E. In an attempt to be open and friendly, people in the United States smile a lot.
F. Feelings of friendship exist everywhere but their expression varies.
G. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different.

A. Always respect others.
B. Listen to the other point of view.
C. Avoid putting down the other person's ideas and beliefs.
D. Stay calm
E. Use "I" statements to communicate how you feel, what you think, and what you want or need.
F. Don't make it personal.
5 Ways to (Respectfully) Disagree
It's easier to agree than disagree. But we can learn a lot from conversations where we don't see eye to eye — if we can listen and talk rationally, that is.
Unfortunately, many of us either shy away completely from disagreements or lose it when things don't go our way. These 5 tips can help keep disagreements constructive — whether you're talking to a parent, friend, or anyone else:
______________________.
If you get upset, it can help to remember you're mad at the idea or concept your parent (or friend, coach, coworker, etc.) is raising, not the person.
______________________.
If you've ever been on the receiving end of someone's tirade or put-downs, you know how valuable using respectful language and behavior can be. So instead of saying what you might be thinking ("That's a stupid idea!"), try: "I don't agree, and here's why." Resist the temptation to yell, use sarcasm, or make derogatory comments and you'll have a much better chance of getting your point across.
_______________________.
Using "you" statements can sound argumentative. For example, telling your mom or dad, "You always remind me about my chores on Wednesdays when you know I have a lot of homework" has a very different tone from "I'm feeling pressured because I have a lot of homework tonight. Can I do those chores tomorrow?"
_________________________.
Being a good listener is a way of showing that you respect and understand the other person's perspective. That makes it more likely he or she will do the same for you. When the other person is talking, try to stop yourself from thinking about why you disagree or what you'll say next. Instead, focus on what's being said. When it's your turn to talk, repeat any key points the other person made to show you listened and heard what was said. Then calmly present your case and why you disagree.
_______________________.
This is the most important thing you can do to keep a conversation on track. Of course, it's a huge challenge to stay calm and rational when you feel angry or passionate about something — especially if the person you're talking to gets heated. You may need to be the mature one who manages the conversation, even if the other person is a parent or someone who should know better.

首先请阅读下列图片及文字说明：
A． Drop-Bar Road Bikes

Generally lighter in weight than the typical mountain or comfort bike，road bikes are good for multiple pavement uses including fitness riding，commuting，long-distance/event rides，touring and racing．
Drop-bar handlebars are lightweight and aerodynamic and are a better choice if you want to go faster or are more concerned with efficiently transferring your energy into making the bike move forward． They also allow for a greater number of riding and hand positions than flat-bars．Their more aerodynamic riding position (bent over at the waist) may put more strain on your back if you are less flexible．
B． Flat-Bar Road Bikes

Flat-bar handlebars combine the efficiency of drop-bar road bikes with a slightly more upright riding position．This allows you to sit up in a higher and more relaxed position so you can better see the road and potential risks．An upright position also reduces strain on your hands，wrists and shoulders．This increased versatility comes with the tradeoff of being slightly less efficient (from an aerodynamic standpoint) than the typical drop-bar road bike．
C． Hardtail Mountain Bikes

Mountain Bikes are best for dirt or rocky trails and gravel roads; they are OK for pavement too (with tire change)．
Hardtail bikes feature a front suspension fork and a rigid back with no rear suspension shocks．This type of mountain bike is much less expensive and lighter in weight than a typical full-suspension mountain bike．A hardtail is the more versatile choice if you plan to use it for both paved and unpaved surfaces．The tradeoffs from a full-suspension mountain bike? A hardtail is less able to safely handle more technical singletrack trails，provides less overall shock absorption and，in some situations，delivers less rear wheel traction．
D． Full-Suspension Mountain Bikes

Full-suspension mountain bikes have both front and rear suspension shocks making them ideal for backcountry trails or technical (steep，bumpy，twisty) singletrack．They also stand up to more aggressive riding including jumps or drops of up to 5 feet．As mentioned above，full-suspension bikes are more expensive and generally heavier than hardtail bikes．
E．Folding bikes

These bikes can be folded up and placed in a carrying bag，which makes them handy for commuters with limited storage space at home or the office．They are lightweight yet strong and can be folded up quickly and easily．Folding bikes are also a good choice for those who want to travel with their bike．
F．Electric-assist bikes

These bikes feature a battery-powered motor that can help you climb hills easily or make your commute less strenuous．Built-in sensors can monitor how much pressure you're putting on the pedals and then apply battery power accordingly．
以下是一些用户信息，请把图片与相关介绍匹配起来。
Tom is a bike lover．He wants to buy a road bike that can go fast on the road． Speed is important but it is more important for him to see the road and stay safe，since the road on which he rides is often full of traffic．
Jack is an office worker．Every day he goes to work by subway．There is still a long way from where he lives to the subway station，so he decides to buy a bike，which can be easily put at home，on the subway train and his office．
Peter loves making long-distance journey by bike．When travelling，he has to climb hills or ride on rocky trails，which makes him too tired to go．He wants to continue his journey even when he is tired，but he doesn’t want to travel by car or ride his motorbike．
Mark is a bike enthusiast who often rides in the mountainous areas．Unfortunately，his bike was damaged when he was riding on the mountain．Now he is going to buy a new mountain bike．Being a rich man，Mark doesn’t care about the price of the bike，but it must be tough and flexible enough to jump and drop on the mountain road．
Jim needs a new mountain bike that can be ridden on both paved and unpaved surfaces．It doesn’t need to be too expensive．He hopes to buy a bike that is lighter in weight than a typical full-suspension mountain bike

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 其中有两项为多余选项。
The Importance of Positive Attitude
A positive attitude is very important as it will make our life easier.       . There will be times when we will face problems and obstacles. The most challenging part is not when our life goes smoothly but how we react when we experience problems and difficulties.
Those who have a positive attitude will treat any problem as a challenge. Instead of being discouraged, they will treat each failure as a lesson.       . As for those who do not have the positive attitude, they will see problems and difficulties in a different way.
The situation can be the same for both the Guy A and Guy B.        . Every one of us has the same amount of time. Since having a negative attitude will eat up our time, why don’t we just make good use of the same amount of time to have a positive attitude? Life itself is already hard. It will be much better if we have a positive attitude which will make our life happier and easier.
 . People will generally prefer to stay with people who have positive attitudes as being happy is very infectious (富有感染力的) . Everyone will be affected by the energy of positive attitudes and they too will have a positive attitude.
If you learn to see the bright side of life when you’re surrounded by difficulties, you’ll be building your positive attitude fast.     .

A．And they will be motivated to achieve the goal.

B．Having good attitudes provides many health benefits.

C．In life, not everything goes as smoothly as we want.

D．But with different attitudes, the results will be quite different.

E. They may have no approaches to solving the problems.
F. When you have a positive attitude towards everything, you will be happier.
G. The more you practise having a positive attitude, the easier and more natural it will come to you.

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息，将答案填涂在答题卷的相应位置。
下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句（第1～5 题）。请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E 和 F）中选出适合各段落的首句，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. Get to know yourself.
B. Take care of your body.
C. Practice basic respect towards yourself.
D. Be honest with yourself and with others.
E. Think about what it means to respect someone.
F. Recognize when people disrespect you and take steps to stop it.
How to Respect Yourself
A lack of self-respect can prevent you from fulfilling your potential and developing healthy relationships. Here are some steps to help you know how to respect yourself.
__________ The qualities that we respect vary from person to person, and the way we express it varies from culture to culture. Generally, we respect people who have more experience and are more accomplished than ourselves. But there is also a basic level of respect that most people will agree is a right, and does not need to be earned. So think about what it means to respect others. Here are some widely agreed-upon signals of respect: You don’t steal from, harm, or insult them; you are honest with them; you listen to what they say, consider their opinions, and avoid interrupting them.
__________ We often do things for ourselves that we would never dream of doing for someone we care about. Whatever you believe to be respectful, apply it to yourself. Don’t harm yourself. Don’t insult yourself. Don’t steal from yourself. Be honest with yourself. Develop your own opinions and don’t be afraid to stand by them.
__________ A person with self-respect doesn’t allow others to treat them badly, and would rather not be around someone who is disrespectful. This might seem obvious, but there are many times when we accept being treated badly. When someone doesn’t give you basic respect, you need to be able to say, in one way or another, “You just disrespected me and that’s not acceptable! If you don’t respect me, I won’t spend time with you any more.” Can you say that, and mean it?
Can you turn your back on someone who’s clearly shown that they don’t respect you? Once you do, you’ll feel your sense of self-respect go up.
__________ When you make an effort to keep your body in good working order, you’ll not only feel better physically, but also  feel a sense of pride. Respecting your body also means not insulting it for what it is, naturally. Make an effort to get fit and stay healthy. Focus on the things you can change and improve, and do them because it feels good.
__________ The more you know about yourself, the more you’ll see and appreciate how unique you really are. And you’ll respect yourself more. Discover your principles, personality, and talents. Stop waiting for other people’s approval and start developing your own standards.
Develop a unique and original way of expressing your opinions while at the same time being a good listener.

What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? ____. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist (悲观主义者). At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. ______ . If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
_____. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. _____ . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides (自杀) than any other bridge in the area---until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
_____. It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

A．On the other hand, black is depressing.

B．They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite colour as we grow up --- we are born with our preference.

C．The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.

D．If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement.

E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
G. Colours do influence our moods---there is no doubt about it.

根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
Nowadays more and more foreign enterprises and companies are no longer relying on interviews for recruitment(招募). Years of studying interviewing has made it clear that it is not a very objective process. Personnel officers often hire the person they like best or even the one they think most physically attractive. Looking good is no guarantee of doing the job well.
To get a more objective view，many companies are also using psychological tests，to hire both for relatively routine job and for positions at senior levels of management. It is impossible to say how many employers use tests，but estimates of test sales in the U．K.for 2001 were over one million.
Recruitment can involve steps in two ways. Step 1 is always the same：job application. The company decides whether you might be suitable based on your qualifications and your previous job experience. Step 2 can be screening. A specific test is given at this stage to rule out those who might not be worth interviewing. Some large employers use tests—especially IQ based tests precisely to eliminate the unsuitable. Only those who pass Step 2 go to the interview. Step 2 can also be testing and interview combined. If the company thinks you might be suitable after looking at your application，they ask you to come to be tested and to be interviewed. It is seen very much as part of the same step.
Tests claim to be scientific and objective. A large body of research has shown that interviews by themselves are not very reliable as a method of selection. People's judgments are often very subjective：whether they like the look of someone counts for more than almost anything else. But reliable and valid tests can offer rapid and more objective information about wouldbe employees. If a candidate talks well in an interview but his test results suggest that he is a careless person who cannot concentrate，and employer is likely to think twice about hiring him.
Taking a serious test for a job is rather different from taking a gamelike test. You can spend just a little time answering questions of that kind of test，and you can deny the answers and say they are not accurate. But you can not go to a serious test without enough preparation since you can not afford to be denied and eliminated again and again. What can you do to do justice to yourself in tests？Here are three tips：Understand，Analyze，Practice.