高中英语信息词选择信息匹配

Weight loss is a hard topic. Lots of people aren’t satisfied with their present weight, but most people aren’t sure how to change it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic(现实的) for you .  1  
So what should you do about your weight control?
   2   The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian （营养学家 ).
   3   If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.
   4   People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all of the pounds they lost, because they haven’t permanently(永久地) changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.
Small changes are a lot easier to stick with (坚持做) than large ones. Try reducing the size of what you eat.    5   Once you have that down, start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life.
It’s a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because it’s just that: healthy.

A．Try giving up regular soda for a week.

B．Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you’re full.

C．Weight management is about long-term success.

D．Besides, no magical diet will make you look like someone else.

E．Being healthy is really about being at a weight that is right for you.
F．Changing from whole to nonfat or low-fat milk is also a good idea.
G．They will compare your weight with healthy standards and help you set goals

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In a national spelling contest in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her soft voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. __1__ At that time, the girl knew she had misspelled the word. But instead of lying and telling the judges she had said the correct letter, she told the truth that she had said the wrong letter. __2__.
As the girl walked off the stage, the entire audience stood on their feet clapping to applaud her honesty. Later, dozens of newspaper wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s courage and honesty, even when it cost her the contest. __3__
Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we would do if we knew we would never get caught.
This young girl could easily have lied, and nobody would have known it but her. But that’s just it: She would know she did wrong. __4__
This young girl was strong and smart enough to prize her own conscience and character more than the prize from a spelling contest. Her respect for herself was more important than any respect others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to live with herself and the choice she made at the moment.
__5__

A．So she won the contest.

B．As a result, she lost the contest.

C．The judges wanted to give her another chance.

D．It’s been said, “If you cheat, you make yourself cheap.”

E. It’s so true that the choices you make today make what you are tomorrow.
F. They talked it over and finally decided to simply ask her what she had said.
G. But the fact is that she won the biggest contest that day: the contest of her character.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Animation means making things which are lifeless come alive and move.
__1__ But not until this century have we managed to capture it, to record it, and in the case of animation, to reinterpret it and recreate it. __2__
In the world of cartoon animation, nothing is impossible. You can make the characters you create do exactly what you want them.
A famous early cartoon character was Felix, the Cat, created by Pat Sullivan in American in the early nineteen twenties. __3__ He could do all sorts of things no natural cat could do like taking off his tail, using it as a handle and then putting it back.
Most of the great early animators lived and worked in America, the home of the moving picture industry. __4__ Popeye, the Sailorman and his girl friend Olive Oyl were born at the Max Fleischer studios in 1933.
But to be an animator, you don't have to be a professional. __5__ All you have to do is draw directly on to blank film and then run a projector.

A．To do all this, we use a movie camera and a projector.

B．It is possible for anyone to make a simple animated film without using a camera at all.

C．Felix was a marvelous cat.

D．From earliest times, people have always been fascinated by movement.

E. The moving picture industry really experienced a trough (低谷期), and then achieved the fabulous（难以置信的） success.
F. Felix, the lovely cat, makes our audience laugh all the time.
G. The famous Walt Disney cartoon characters came to life after 1928.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most drinks stating that they are fruit flavored (水果味道的) contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.
“Shoppers need to check the labels (标签) before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be nonexistent，” said Food Commission spokesperson Ian Tokelove. “Food production is highly competitive. __76__ It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked.”
Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry flavored products sold in stores.    __77__  Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit. In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.
__78__ Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.
__79__ Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought. Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. “Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packet with pictures of strawberries is misleading.   __80__ Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread，” Tokelove said. “It's time to take measures to protect the consumers' rights.”

A．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.

B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.

C．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.

D．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.

E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.
F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.
G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
   76  . Not caring about the money, parents in China often send their children to the best schools or even abroad like England, the US or Australia. They also want their children to take extra-course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes that will give them a head start in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education.    77  .
Parents can see that their children’s skills vary, skilled in some areas while poor in others.    78  . Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking demands patience and time.    79  . A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of self-confidence.
An old machine such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with may make him curious and arouse his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up.
   80  . And that is more important.

A．However, what most parents fail to see is that the best education they can give their children is usually very cheap.

B．Chinese are very generous when it comes to educating their children.

C．It is an enjoyable but difficult experience.

D．Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework.

E.   Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter.
F.   These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, and to use his mind.
G.   What most parents fail to realize, though, is that today’s children lack self-respect and self-confidence.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.
Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task—especially when the speaker is confusing. Don’t want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions:
1.__________
When it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us. Slow it.
2.__________ 
Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.
3.__________  
Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation. And it’s confusing for them to listen, reorganise, and figure out what you’re saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organise.         
4.__________  
Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can’t pay attention. Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not.
5.__________  
Many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and close your speech with a specific signal—even if it’s something simple like, “If you have any more questions, you know where to reach me.”
Or even more to the point, conclude your speech with “Thanks for your time. ”
A. Be well-organised.
B. Close with a Q & A.
C. Don’t be contradictory.
D. Bring it to a specific end.
E. Speak slowly and pause.
F. Drop unnecessary words.
G.how to make life simple.

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
(选E涂AB; 选F涂CD)
以下是一些旅游项目的简介：
A. Sea kayaking in Turkey
Enjoy beautiful scenery on Turkey’s Turquoise Coast. The water is clear and calm with temperatures of 25º–28º in July and August. You don’t need any previous kayaking experience to enjoy this trip. However, you do need to be quite fit, as you will be on the water for 4–6 hours a day.
B. Diving holidays in Kenya
Experience diving and sailing in the Indian Ocean in March and April. Enjoy warm, clear water and white, sandy beaches. Spend all of your stay on one of our yachts (游艇) with first-class service and excellent food. Explore remote and unspoilt reefs, and see a wonderful range of underwater sea life.
C. Swimming with dolphins in The Azores Islands, Portugal
Would you like to discover the underwater world of the dolphin? Join us in July or August in the clear waters around the Azores. You will receive training from expert guides to gain confidence in the water with the animals. We often see eight different species of dolphin during our trips.
D. Gulfoss Waterfall in Iceland
Come to Iceland in summer to see the biggest waterfall in Europe. Gulfoss, the ‘Golden Waterfall’ is a truly spectacular sight. The water from the River Hvítá and water from glaciers come together and fall 32m in two stages. You can follow a path quite close to the falls, which provides wonderful opportunities for photos and videos. Warm clothing is essential.
E. Plitvice Lakes, Croatia (克罗地亚)
Set in a National Park, the lakes are Croatia’s most popular tourist attraction. The beauty of the region comes from the 16 lakes, waterfalls, and areas of woodland, where deer, wolves and bears can be found. The park is open all year. There are several walks for all levels of fitness. You can also see the park by boat or bus.
F. Lake Balaton, Hungary
If you enjoy nature, you will love Lake Balaton. Much of the area around the lake is part of a protected National Park. We have expert guides with knowledge of local plants and animals. That will take you on long walks around the park. The marsh area of the lake is home to a wide number of bird species.
以下是五个人的旅游爱好，请匹配每个人拟选择的旅游项目：
Jonny is crazy about plants and animals in different parts of the world. He travels a lot and each summer he goes to a different place to learn about the local plants and wildlife.
Leo and his family have already done different water sports in Europe and so want to travel further abroad. They would like to try a new sport and they don’t mind working hard. They are not free to travel until the summer.
Ellen enjoys being near water but she doesn’t want to do any water sports and she doesn’t like the cold. Walking long distances is rather difficult for her, but she likes being outside and seeing wildlife. She has already been to Hungary. She can travel at any time between November and January.
Amy and Eric are retired but they are still very active. They enjoy walking and looking at scenery. They would like to go somewhere cool this summer where Amy can take a lot of photos.
Will is a student of marine biology. He is also a very good swimmer and an experienced diver. He’s looking for a summer holiday where he can learn about animals and help people. He wants to stay in Europe.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
No fight can end, and no friendship can move on, until everyone says these little words: I’m sorry. Sometimes, though, they can be difficult to say. __
It’s not about winning.
Friendships aren’t like the Super Bowl, and there should never be a winner and a loser. When you start fighting with a friend, it may feel important that you “win” the fight by proving you’re right and he is wrong, or by making him be the first to apologize.
In reality, you’ll BOTH LOSE if you let your fight ruin your friendship, and you will BOTH WIN if you find a way to heal it.
____
You may have heard the expression “His pride stood in the way.” It is usual used to describe a person who is determined to be “right” that he lets an opportunity for happiness pass him by forever. ___ Remember: as time goes on, we usually forget who was right and who was wrong in a disagreement, and only remember the sadness of losing a friend.
Take the first step.
Are you sick of fighting? Do you think this fight is just not important enough to ruin your friendship?
__ You don’t have to take full responsibility（责任）for starting the fight, or even say that your feelings were wrong. But you should find something you did or said that’s worth apologizing for. Maybe you’re sorry that you let the fight go for so long, or that you overreacted（反应过度）to something your friend did. If you say you’re sorry, it’s like an invitation for your friend to do the same._____

A．Then try to be the first to apologize.

B．Stop thinking about your pride.

C．It’s about taking some responsibility for the argument.

D．Don’t let this happen to a friendship you care about.

E.  Here are some things to keep in mind.
F.  There are some special cases when you shouldn’t be the one to apologize first.
G.  Once you’ve both said it, you’ll both feel a million times better.

阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。
The people below are going to make a trip．After the description of these people, there is information about six tours A-F．Decide which tours would be most suitable for the people mentioned in descriptions 61-65 and then mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet．There is one extra paragraph about one tour which you do not need to use．
____ 61．Victor and three of his friends would like spend a whole weekend driving around in nice scenery and enjoying some local food．
____ 62．Vanessa and Adam want to go on a comfortable trip which takes them quickly to an interesting city．Then they want to enjoy at least two days of sightseeing．
____ 63．Charlie, Kathy and their three children don’t have much money, but they want a special day out this Saturday. They must be back home by 9 p．m．．
____ 64．Jenny is a Dutch student who is studying in Scotland．She doesn’t drive, but wants a day trip to see some beautiful scenery and spend a little time by the sea．
____ 65.Kitty and her boyfriend want to experience something exciting, especially in the ocean word. They wish they would swim like a fish.
A. Amsterdam
Sail out in the evening and enjoy over 12 hours in the Netherlands, returning the following night．After a good Dutch breakfast you travel by train direct to the heart of the wonderful city of Amsterdam．The sightseeing and places to shop will make this a day remember ．Weekends only．
B. Marine Life, France
The chance to experience the oceans of the world．Children will love the observatory, with water all around them and big fish swimming above their heads! Afterwards you eat at a world-famous local restaurant before boarding the ferry at 9 pm．Not cheap, but a great day out!
C. Sea and Mountains in Northern Ireland
Explore the Northern Ireland countryside, including the amazing Moutains of Mourne and the small seaside holiday town of Newcastle．The ferry leaves the port in Scotland at 7:30 and arrives back at 22:20．Transport in Northern Ireland is by air-conditioned coach．
D. French Hypermarket Day Trip
Whether you want to buy or just look, you’ll love this tour．The large Darney shopping center is a shopper’s dream! You will find a lot of local goods on sale, and clothes and kitchen goods are excellent value．Free children’s entertainment all day．Leaves at 10:00, arrives back at 19:00．
E. Belgium by Hydrofoil
A four-day trip．From England you cross to Belgium in just 100 minutes by hydrofoil! You are served food and drinks during the crossing, then continue your journey to Brussels, or another beautiful city, on the fast Belgium railway network．
F. Ireland by Car
Once you arrive in Ireland you’re quickly on beautiful country roads, with friendly villages where you can stop for a delicious bite to eat．The special price allows you to take your car and up to five people away for 48 hours, and two night’s hotel accommodation can be arranged for a little extra．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A major source of teen stress is school exams, and test anxiety is not uncommon. When you recognize your teen is under stress, how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?
Be involved. Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work.  1 _  What they look for is your presence — to talk, to cry, or simply to sit with them quietly. Communicate openly with your teen. Encourage your teen to express his worries and fears, but don’t let them focus on those fears.
Help them get organized.   2   Together, you and your teen can work out a time-table in which he can study for what he knows will be on the test.
Provide a calm setting. Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy. Give them a nutritious diet. It is important for your teen to eat a healthy, balanced diet during exam times to focus and do his best.   3   If this happens, encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches. A healthy diet, rather than junk food, is best for reducing stress.
  4   Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and /or do something active when he needs a real break from studying. Making time for relaxation, fun, and exercise are all important in reducing stress. Help your teen balance his time so that he will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude.   5   Your panic, anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’s pressure. Make your teen feel accepted and valued for his efforts. Most importantly, reassure your teen that things will be all right, no matter what the results are.

A．A parent’s attitude will dictate their teen’s emotions.

B．Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite.

C．They will only make the situation worse.

D．Encourage your teen to relax.

E. The best thing is simply to listen.
F. Help your teen think about what he has to study and plan accordingly.
G. Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词。
Anger is a natural reaction which comes out when we feel that we have not been given a fair treatment. The positive side of this negative emotion is that it has helped us to evolve（逐步形成）as humans and cope in a better manner with our surroundings. However, it tends to become a problem when we fail to control it. Many a time it happens that your anger has hurt others or has spoiled one of your relationships for which you regret later. It has some bad effects on the health, too.
We should control anger so that it does not cause harm to us or to those around us whom we love. One of the best ways to control anger is to get help from others. If you feel that you are unable to manage your anger, it can make you more upset. So tell someone that is close to you, a friend or your father and mother, about your problem. When you discuss a matter with others, there is a better chance of finding a solution to your problem. Besides, there are no better stress relievers than humor. When you feel that it is because of stress that your anger is becoming unmanageable, you can use humor. It can help you look at difficult things in a lighter way and you will feel better about the things around you.
Anger tends to make us have a lot of negative thoughts. Therefore, we have to change the negative thoughts into positive ones. For this you have to first turn all the negative thoughts down that are in your mind one by one. This can be done with a lot of practice. Once you are successful in that, you have to maintain your focus only on the positive things of life.
Meditation (冥想) is an excellent anger management technique. In addition, what we do is disconnect ourselves from the outer world and focus all our attention into the inner world. This helps us develop a sense of controlling our thoughts that tend to cause anger.

(1) ________	Anger is a natural reaction which comes out when we have been treated (2) ______.
(3)       sides	Help us evolve as humans. Help us deal with our surroundings (4) ______.
Negative sides	(5)         others. Spoil your relationships. (6)         your health badly.
How to manage your anger	Get help from others	Discuss your problems with your friend or a (7) ______ member.
Use (8)	It can help you look at difficult things in a lighter way.
Think positively	(9)        all the negative thoughts and focus only on positive things.
Practice meditation	Help us (10)          our thoughts which tend to cause anger.

摘录信息
注意：每空不超过3个单词。
You’re listening to Radio Five. Regular listeners know that every Thursday I give a list of places in the city that are looking for volunteers(自愿者). Perhaps you’d like to get a pencil and write down the ones that interest you.
Tiny Tot Preschool is looking for someone who will sing songs to the children on Tuesday mornings. The best person for the job would be someone who can play the piano or guitar.
Primary School 39 needs volunteers to tutor students in English after school on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. If you are good at English, that is a great chance.
The Parks Department needs volunteers to help clean up the parks before National Day. If you like to work outdoors and help the environment, this job is for you.
Lastly, the Community Center is looking for people to work with the older on weekends. You can help read and write letters for seniors with bad eyesight. The Center also needs a few students to do fix-up work on houses. If you often help your grandfather repair his house, perhaps this is the perfect job for you.
If you are interested in any of the jobs, you can call us at 5488-2377. People need your help. Volunteer today!
Let’s be volunteers!

A list of 53________	People wanted
Tiny Tot Preschool	People who can play the  54____________
55 ______________	People who are good at English
The Parks Department	People who like to 56_______ and help the environment
The Community Center	People who like to work with the older 57____________

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
We all know that money can't make us happy, but many times we act as if we'd be happier with a bit more money. We are conditioned to want to be richer; we are trained to want the latest style that television tells us; we want to earn more money because then we'll have a good life.
But none of that will make us happier. And the sad thing is that it can take us decades of pursuing(追求)wealth and expensive things before we realize that. So what will bring ushappiness? Luckily, there are three things that don't cost anything. Here they are:
Good relationships. We have a human need to be close with other human beings. Having good, supportive friendships, a strong marriage or loving relationships with our family members will make us much more likely to be happy. Therefore, take time, today, to stay with your loved ones, to tell them what they mean to you, to listen to them, and to develop your relationships with them.
Positive thinking. Optimism is one of the best indicators of people who lead a happy life. Happy people feel empowered, in control of their lives. So why not make positive thinking a habit? In fact, this should be one of the first habits you develop.
Flow. This is a popular concept on the Internet these days 一 the state we enter when we are completely focused on the work or tas^. Having work and leisure(休闲）that gets you in this state of flow will almost undoubtedly lead to happiness. People find the greatest enjoyment not when they're passively mindless, but when they're absorbed in a mindful challenge.
If you are interested in some kind of work and keen on some kind of hobbies, it is not a bad idea. Turn off the TV 一 this is the opposite of flow 一 and then go outside and do something that truly makes you active.

信息匹配（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，按照要求匹配信息，并把答案填涂在答题卡的相应位置上。填涂选项中有一项为多余项。
首先阅读下列博客信息：
A．My name’s Marta and I’ m from Mexico City, but I moved to Los Angeles, California, five years ago, now I am living in an apartment at No．3178 SE Timmer Broadway．I am 28, single．I am a customer service representative for a large financial company．I am an outgoing person．I love to laugh and have fun! I enjoy cooking, dancing and listening to music．I don’t like watching or playing sports．You should be an outgoing, considerate lady with a good sense of humor, to share the apartment．Are you the one? Email and let’s have further talk.
B. My name’s Mark, and I’m from Hollywood, California．I’m a fitness instructor in Los Angeles．I am a friendly and easy-going person; I love playing sports-especially football and working out at the gym．I also play the guitar．My best friend David, who often has sports with me, went to Mexico last month．To avoid loneliness, I’d like very much to own a new friend who would share the fun of sports with me．I am longing.
C. My name’s Park Jun Seo, but you can call me Jun．I moved from Seoul Korea to Los Angeles two years ago．I am a graphic designer and I am looking for my younger brother, Lean Ban Seo, who might be in this city．As the story is too long, I just hope to find him and have my family reunited．He is lame at the right leg, 19 years old, 1.79 meters tall, with very big eyes and fair curly hair．With his picture of two years ago enclosed, I would be very appreciated if you have any information about that. Telephone me at 818-5789.
D. My name is Don and I am a programmer at a computer company．I have designed several pieces of software that can help students learn better, especially suitable for primary students who have some language disability to learn words and help them pronounce more correctly．If you think you need one, please fax to 857-4693. You can purchase by post.
E. My name is Mauricio, and I’m a computer programmer working in the Los Angeles area．I am kind of shy, but maybe you can help me to be more outgoing．I like cooking, playing computer games, and chatting with friends online．If you think you are the proper one to be my E-pal, let’s chat!
F. My name’s Judy and I’m from Quebec, Canada．I am a sales woman in one of the women underwear stores in Montreal．I’d like to have more visitors to my shop．And you can bargain for a reduction of 10% to 30%, if you purchase in package．Let’s be friends.
请阅读以下网站回复的信息，然后匹配回复的信息和网站原登出的博客信息。
I am a professional sportsman and work in the same city．I am so glad that I will have a good friend who can be the opponent to improve my techniques．E-mail me at [e-mail]
As a shop owner, I might drop in when I go downtown．But may I know your exact address? When is it convenient for a visit? Thank you!
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Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. The description of using amateur records to encourage the public. B. The description of old records kept by amateur naturalists. C. Concerns over amateur data for lacking objectivity and precision. D. The necessity of encouraging amateur collection. E. How people react to their involvement in data collection. F. The application of amateur records to phonology.

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Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound notebook out of an envelope. The book’s yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. He adds it to his growing pile of local journals, birdwatchers’ lists and gardening diaries. "We’re uncovering about one major new record each month," he says, "I still get surprised." Around two centuries before Coates, Robert Marsham, a landowner from Norfolk in east of England, began recording the life cycles of plants and animals on his estate. Successive Marshams continued recording these notes for 211 years.
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Today, such records are being put to uses that their authors couldn’t possibly have expected. These data sets, and others like them, are proving valuable to ecologists interested in the timing of biological events, or phonology. By combining the records with climate data, researchers can reveal how, for example, changes in temperature affect the arrival of spring, allowing ecologists to make improved predictions about the impact of climate change.
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But not all professionals are happy to use amateur data. "A lot of scientists won’t touch them, they say they’re too full of problems," says Root. Because different observers can have different ideas of what forms, for example, an open snowdrop. "The biggest concern with ad hoc (临时的) observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken,” says Mark Schwarts of the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who studies the interactions between plants and climate. "We need to know pretty precisely what a person’s been observing—if they just say ‘I noted when the leaves came out’, it might not be that useful.” Measuring the onset of autumn can be particularly problematic because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjective process than noting when they appear.
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Overall, most phrenologists arc positive about the contribution that amateurs can make. "They get the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world," says Sagarin. Others suggest that the right statistics can iron out some of the problems with amateur data. Together with colleagues at Wageoingen University in the Netherlands, environmental scientist Arnold van Vliet is developing statistical techniques to account for the uncertainty in amateur phonological data. Besides, the data are cheap to collect, and can provide breadth in space, time and range of species," It’s very difficult to collect data on a large geographical scale without enlisting an army of observers, says Root.
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Phonology also helps to drive home messages about climate change. “Because the public understand these records, they accept them,” says Sparks. It can also illustrate potentially unpleasant consequences, he adds, such as the finding that more rat infestations are reported to local councils in warmer years. And getting people involved is great for public relations. "People are excited to think that the data they have been collecting as a hobby can be used for something scientific—it empowers them” says Root.