Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. One is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting
The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority.
| A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. |
| B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. |
| C．Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals. |
| D．However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. |
E. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G.. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
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Every student has tests when they are at school. But have you ever been so worried about the tests that you can’t fall asleep at night? Have you ever felt sick or had a headache during a test? __ This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, frustrated, scared, or afraid, which can give you a stomachache or a headache.
__ Good or normal stress might happen when you are called to answer a question in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done.
__
But bad stress can happen if the stressful feelings keep going over a long time. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is ill, if you are having problems at school, or if you are going through anything else that makes you upset every day. __
__ That means making good decision about how to spend your time. If you are only dealing with school stuff and have no time to play, you can get stressed. Make sure you keep your SELF in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure and Food. If you take care of yourself and get enough sleep and food, and if you exercise and leave time for fun stuff, you will probably be less stressed out!
| A．However, there are two different kinds of stress. |
| B．Can you tell a kind of stress from another one? |
| C．The best way to keep stress away is to have a balanced life. |
| D．That kind of stress isn’t going to help you, and it can actually make you sick. |
E. Since bad stress is harmful to us, you’d better try to change it into good stress.
F. If so, then you know what stress is. Stress is what you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something.
G. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare well before the test.
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______ But science may have just proved them right because beautiful women are more likely to have daughters than their plainer counterparts, according to a study.
As parents tend to pass on genes that determine looks, this could result in handsome men becoming rather thin on the ground. ______ For example, Yasmin Le Bon is signed to the same modelling agency as her daughter Amber, and Jerry Hall's daughters Elizabeth and Georgia Jagger have both taken to the catwalk.
Dr Satoshi Kanazawa, of the London School of Economics, analysed data from a survey of 17,000 babies born in Britain in March 1958 and tracked them throughout their lives. ______ When they reached 45, they were asked about the gender of any children they had.
Those rated as attractive were equally likely to have a son or daughter as their first child but the unattractive sorts were more likely to have a son. ______
Dr Kanazawa believes that parents tend to produce children who benefit from their own features. ______ So it pays for attractive women to have daughters. But couples blessed with strength and aggression rather than looks are better off having boys, as these characteristics are of more use to males.
| A．Women are becoming more beautiful over the generations because attractive women have more children than plain ones. |
| B．Single girls have always complained that good-looking men are difficult to find. |
| C．Beauty is of more benefit to a woman than a man. |
| D．At the age of seven, their attractiveness was rated by their teachers. |
E.Put another way, the beautiful women were more likely to have daughters.
F.And it may also explain why many models have daughters who follow in their fascinating footsteps.
G.Famously good-looking parents like Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes are more likely to have girls than uglier couples.
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Where would you most like to go on vacation? Paris? London? The Amazon Rainforest? Each of these destinations is attractive.
As a new word, staycation refers to people staying at home during their vacation time, and going sightseeing around their hometown.
Staycations have become really popular recently, as a way of having an enjoyable vacation, without spending too much money. There are shortcomings to every positive thing, however.
You also might prevent yourself from enjoying things to the fullest, as the atmosphere
might be the same as any other time.
It means you won't be available for work or other activities.
What can you do to make your staycation fun?
1.Go to a nearby town, or to a fancy hotel in your hometown and stay over night. Treat yourself to room service and any other fun things the hotel has to offer.
2. You would have done it on a vacation, right? Treat yourself to this, at least for one day!
3.Throw a small party. Think about the money you are saving by not going away. You will still save money, but have more fun, and you will help other people to have fun too!
4.Go shopping! Window shopping, or the super fun type, where you buy things! You would have bought souvenirs if you had gone on a vacation, so treat yourself during your staycation!
The most important thing to remember is to do things that make you and your family excited!
| A．Eat out for every meal! |
| B．Go on a day trip to a nearby town, or to a beach. |
| C．But why not remain at home and enjoy a staycation? E. Most of the time it involves dining out more frequently than usual. |
| D．If you are on a staycation, you might get calls from work. |
F. Make sure you all have fun, and when it is over, you feel refreshed.
G. The trick is to make sure your friends and coworkers know you are on a staycation.
In a national spelling contest in America, an 11-year-old girl was asked to spell a certain word. But with her soft voice the judges were not sure if she spelled the word with the letter A or E. ________ At that time, the girl knew she had misspelled the word. But instead of lying and telling the judges she had said the correct letter, she told the truth that she had said the wrong letter.
__________
As the girl walked off the stage, the entire audience stood on their feet clapping to applaud her honesty. Later, dozens of newspapers wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s courage and honesty, even when it cost her the contest. _______
Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is what we would do if we knew we would never get caught.
This young girl could easily have lied, and nobody would have known it but her. But that’s just it: she would know she did wrong. _________
This young girl was strong and smart enough to prize her own conscience and character more than the prize from a spelling contest. Her respect for herself was more important than any respect others might give her for winning a contest. She knew she would have to live with herself and the choice she made at the moment.___________
| A．So she won the contest. |
| B．As a result, she lost the contest. |
| C．The judges wanted to give her another chance. |
| D．It’s been said, “If you cheat, you make yourself cheap.” |
E. It’s so true that the choices you make today make what you are tomorrow.
F. They talked it over and finally decided to simply ask her what she had said.
G. But the fact is that she won the biggest contest that day: the contest of her character.
A．GOLD These people who choose GOLD as their primary color like to fit in or belong.They are reliable people who enjoy serving others．Traditions and homes are very important to them. They need order and structure．They don't like change．
B．ORANGE People need a lot of variety and freedom．They take pride in being highly skilled．They enjoy "hand-on" work and often are good in a dangerous situations．They likes risks and challenges．
C．YELLOW People are curious about everything．They are confident and full of knowledge．They love sports very much and they work efficiently．
D．GREEN People are competent and want to control the realities of life．They enjoy solving problems and developing systems．They love intelligence and logic．They are often critical of themselves and others．
E．BLUE People enjoy close relationships．Peace and quietness are very important．These people are often very creative or they enjoy the creative work of others．
F．RED People who choose red as their primary color are energetic and they tend to be confident all the time．It seems like they are ready to do anything and they will be successful．And they are competitive．
请阅读以下根据员工性格而促进工作效率方法的信息，然后匹配上面的信息。Creating a warm and a peaceful working environment and trying to avoid conflict; allowing them the freedom to express their feeling; encouraging them to be creative in the job．
Using their reliable qualities; providing a stable work environment and avoiding sudden change; giving standard rules and regulations and setting a good examples．
Assigning work which needs problem solving; encouraging them to think independently and enjoying their logic to the next step．
Assigning work which allows freedom; providing opportunities to be skillful and adventurous; allowing them the freedom to the job in their own ways．
Assigning work which needs full energy; providing opportunities for job competition; if he does well, let him know he is very likely to get promotion; praise them with their good jobs．
A major source of teen stress is school exams，and test anxiety is not uncommon.When you recognize your teen is under stress，how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?
Be involved.Parents need to be involved in their teen’s work.__ What they look for is your presenceto talk，to cry，or simply to sit with them quietly.Communicate openly with your teen.Encourage your teen to express his/her worries and fears，but don’t let them focus on those fears.
Help them get organized.___ Together，you and your teen can work out a timetable in which he/she can study for what he/she knows will be on the test.
Provide a calm setting.Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his/her privacy.Give them a nutritious diet.It’s important for your teen to eat a healthy，balanced diet during exam times to focus and do his/her best.____ If this happens，encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches.A healthy diet，rather than junk food，is best for reducing stress.
___ Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and/or do something active when she needs a real break from studying.Making time for relaxation，fun，and exercise are all important in reducing stress.Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude.__.Your panic，anxiety and blame contribute to your teen’s pressure.Make your teen feel accepted and valued for his/her efforts.Most importantly，reassure your teen that things will be all right，no matter what the results are.
| A．A parent’s attitude will dictate their teen’s emotions. |
| B．Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite. |
| C．They will only make the situation worse. |
| D．Encourage your teen to relax. |
E．The best thing is simply to listen.
F．Help your teen think about what he/she has to study and plan accordingly.
G．Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.
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Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language．Of all．It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 % of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7％．So，while your mouth is closed，just what is your body saying．．．
Arms. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way．
If someone upsets you，just cross your arms to show you’re unhappy.
Head．When you want to appear confident，keep your head level. If you are monitor in class，you can take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously．
Legs．Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies．If you are at interviews, try to keep them still
Posture．A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. This makes breathing more difficult，which in turn make you feel nervous or uncomfortable．
Mouth．When you are thinking，you often purse(皱拢)your lips．You might also use this position to hold back all angry comment you don't wish to show.
| A．If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. |
| B．If you are pleased, you usually open your eyes wide and people can notice this. |
| C．Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. |
| D．How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. |
E. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you’re not pleased.
F. However, to he friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.
G. Don’t say too much when you're happy,
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The Value of Tears
Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface.
When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions（情绪）, afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.” After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.
Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling — shock, anger, fear, or sadness— is being held back.
But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry. Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of ease tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense.
And they’ll do just about anything to make you stop.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion. You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.
| A．They too may be holding back a need to cry. |
| B．They cry for different reasons. |
| C．She gives crying exercises. |
| D．It contains a chemical against infection（炎症）. |
E. The fact is no emotion lasts forever.
F. It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye.
G. But once you’re safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry.
Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image.
Body image is a person’s opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance.___You appreciate your body for its capabilities(能力) and accept its imperfections.
___Here are some ideas：
Recognize your strengths.Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination (协调性) makes you better than others at a certain sport. That may be basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have nonsports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting.___
Exercise regularly. Exercise can help you look good and feel good about yourself. Good physiques (体形) don’t just happen.___A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week. Working out can also lift your spirits.
Respect your body! Practicing good habits regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on—can help you build a positive body image.
___Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy，a quickwit (智慧), and all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.
| A．Use this as an opportunity to discover what you’re good at. |
| B．Be yourself. |
| C．Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look. |
| D．Just explore talents that you feel good about. |
E．They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet.
F．The good news is that selfimage and body image can be changed.
G．So, what can you do to develop a positive body image?
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If you participate in an online class, it is best to think of it as just another class. If you think that you will have less work, less stress, and more time on your hands, think again. Most students work harder in an online class than in a traditional classroom setting.
_____ However, many students take this flexibility for granted. They will rarely participate in their online classes. This is one of the main reasons why people fail when participating in an online class.
The key to success is time management and organization. Treat this class the same way you would treat a traditional class. ______ But, in an online class, the students have to read the text, read the professor’s lecture notes, Participate in online discussion forums, take exams, prepare essays, prepare individual or group assignments,etc. All of these must be done with very little help. So, if you are not self-motivated and disciplined, online learning is probably not for you.
Create a schedule for working on your assignments. Make sure your family members are aware of your schedule so you won’t be bothered during these times. ______ Treat those times as you would if you had to physically attend a class.
Be sure you have the Tech Support phone number dandy as well, in case computer problem arise. ______ That way, you won’t miss any assignments or deadlines due to technical difficulties.
______ If you have some emergencies, you could end up missing a deadline and lowering your grade. Make sure you know your professor’s policy for accepting late assignments. Be sure to read comments given to you by your professor and always ask for help if you need it. These tips will help you to succeed in your online course.
People can attend online classes at any time.
No matter what happens, stick to your schedule.
Try to have a back-up computer that you can use.
Don’t wait until the last minute to submit assignments.
Communication online makes contact with each other easier.
Be sure you have the contact information for at least 2 other students.
In a traditional class, you have an instructor who leads lectures and discussions.
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Possessing a car gives one a greater degree of freedom. With the building of good fast motorways, long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. You will no longer be forced to rely on public transport and work locally. You can choose from a greater variety of jobs and probably changes your work more frequently as you are not limited to a small area.
Although you can afford to buy it now, you have to consider the future. However large the first sum you have to pay, you have to spend more in running the machine—the various taxes, the fuel, and of course the repairs. The last is especially endless. Any single repair may cost you thousands.
As more and more cars are produced and used, an even larger amount of poisonous gas is being sent out. Some of the contents of this gas, such as lead, can cause actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illness of modern industrial society, headaches, tiredness, and stomachaches may just arise from the gas.
It has been said that when a man is sitting behind the wheel, his car becomes the display of his personality. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind the wheel. They are ill-mannered and aggressive and selfish. All their hidden character seems to be brought to the surface by act of driving.
Traveling by car actually brings more inconvenience. Driving a car may be more comfortable than taking a crowded bus. But any advantage of driving a car is often gone in traffic jams, endless queues of cars through all the main streets.
| A．Driving a car often brings out a man’s worst qualities. |
| B．Driving a car may cause many traffic accidents. |
| C．If you have a car, you can move around freely. |
| D．Considering this, I don’t support the use of more cars. |
E. A car may bring you heavy financial burden.
F. More cars can produce serious air pollution.
G. Knowing you are able to drive makes you more confident.
Housework not good exercise, says study It even said that people who did the most housework were usually the most overweight.
The contribution of domestic physical activity to meeting current recommendations for health. It questions whether activities like do-it-yourself, gardening and housework are good exercise.
but there is a danger that people incorrectly think housework is proper exercise.
A total of 4,563 adults took a survey about their weekly physical activity. Researcher Professor Murphy said any physical activity should increase the amount of calories burnt.
She said housework was “inversely related to leanness”. She said this suggested that either people overestimate how hard housework was an exercise, or they eat too much because they think they have lost lots of calories doing household chores.
However, her study found the opposite.
People who do housework usually eat more.
A new study says housework is not the quality exercise many people think it is.
The research showed that people who included housework as exercise tended to be heavier.
The study is called Does “doing housework keep you healthy” ?
They think doing exercise is of great benefit to healthy.
It says any activity is better than none.
___ When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure beats dance into view.
The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels.___.
The first and most basic level of wants involves food.Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears：clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War Ⅱthese wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans.____It included such items as automobiles and new houses.
By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the “lifeenriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction－the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body－this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “luxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical care, and entertainment. ___
On this level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?
A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime and prejudice. __In this way, we can enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.
| A．Then a third level appeared. |
| B．Human wants seem endless. |
| C．When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants，another level appears. |
| D．There are several levels of wants in one’s life. |
E．At this stage, we now may seek to ensure the health，safety, and leisure.
F．Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.
G．Different people have different wants on each level.
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Shoppers who carefully plan their visit to the grocery store can save money on their grocery bills. ____
Shoppers should visit the grocery store on a full stomach by scheduling their trip immediately after a large meal. If that's not possible, they should find something healthy to eat while preparing a grocery list. ____
Although having a list and sticking to it is the most important factor in saving money, shoppers must prepare lists wisely in order to save. ____. Many special buys are announced through the local newspapers, so buying the “grocery issue”is worth the investment (投资). However, it's important to remember that many newer, more expensive products first offered through coupons may not yield enough savings for shoppers to give up the product they usually buy.
____ Once at the store, the shopper who wants to save money should follow a few more rules. The shopper should not stay longer than necessary，because bills go up each minute the shopper is in the store. So, setting a time limit and a cost limit can hold down the bill. __
__ If the grocery list is a short one，some shoppers choose to use the small handheld basket instead of the roomy grocery cart.
| A．A carefully planned list should include in season produce and any items on sale or discounted through coupons (优惠券)． |
| B．Of course, the shopper should stick strictly to the shopping list and resist the temptation to buy additional items. |
| C．People who are full are less tired and more likely to buy what they want. |
| D．Now that the shopper has completed the grocery list, it's time to leave for the store. |
E. You should keep your shopping list carefully in case you can exchange it for coupons.
F. Most shoppers are less persuaded to buy extra goods when they are not hungry.
G. Shopping when not hungry, sticking to a grocery list，and following a few simple rules will cut down the grocery bill.
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