SECTION B (10 points)
Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions according to the information you get
in the passage and the required words limit.
Several years ago, Masaru Ibuka, the chairman of Sony, was at a company planning a meeting. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and speaker and sold headphones(耳机) with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still, Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at refining it. The result, of course, turned out to be the wildly successful Sony Walkman.
Good ideas often start with a really silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles(蛋奶烙饼)for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rub
ber into his waffle iron(蛋奶烙饼烤模).So, he tried and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies he was literally(确实地)laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather disappointed, Bowerman was determined and went on to form his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.
Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration(挫败). When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that
overnight delivery(隔夜送货) was impossible. He sat for a long while wondering why. Why couldn’t there be reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into a class project. His business professor thought it was not a good class project and gave him only a C. However, Smith refined the idea in that class project and eventually turned it into one of the first and most successful overnight mail services in the world——FedEx.
81. What did Masaru Ibuka’s idea turn out to be? （no more than 2 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
82. What did Fred Smith’s teacher think of his class project? （no more than 8 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
83. Nike athletic shoes came from Bill Bowerman’s idea of____________. （no more than 6 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
84. What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 12 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
SECTION B
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Fast food and too much TV time should not take all the blame for the weight problems. A group of researchers say that a number of aspects of modern living from lack of sleep to environmental chemicals and to living with air conditioning ——may be closely related to the weight problems of many people.
Lack o
f sleep is one of factors. Research in animals and humans suggest that a lack of sleep over a long time can increase appetite. Studies also show that many adults and children are sleeping less than they used to. In recent decades, adults have gone from sleeping for all average of nine hours to about seven hours.
There is also evidence that industrial chemicals may increase body fat. These chemicals, which are used in products, change hormonal activity when they get into the body. Studies suggest that people have been getting more and more of these chemicals through the food chain in recent decades.
Another factor that may be making people overweight is air conditioning . The body burns calories when forced to eat less in hot and wet weather, but air conditioning makes it unnecessary for the body to make any adjustment.
Researchers also list other possible risk factors for overweight , including more older mothers, whose children may become overweight more easily; a number of medicines which can lead to weight gain ; and fewer people who smoke, since people often gain weight when they stop smoking because nicotine can make people eat less.
No one is suggesting that people should stop working and sleep more, or keep smoking. When it comes to any person's weight, what really matters is how much they eat and how much of the food they use every day. That means diet and exercise are still the key.
81. Why does lack of sleep will result in weight problem? (no more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________
82. How long do adults averagely sleep nowadays? (no more than 2 words)
_______________________________________________________
83. How do the industrial chemicals affecting our weight come into our body?
( no more than 4 words)
________________________________________________________
84. What’s the main idea of this passage? (no more than 18 words)
________________________________________________________
第二节 简答题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some form---football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks（冒险） in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure（闲暇）.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore（忽视）, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
70.According to the passage, what movements are popular among people in winter?(回答不超过5个单词)
71.What is the best title (标题) for this passage ? (回答不超过4个单词)
72. When do climbers work like a team while climbing ?（回答不超过12个单词）
第二节 阅读简答（共3个小题，每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面短文，根据第70至第72小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。（共3个小题，每小题2分，满分6分）
The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.
Women were also more likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.
In contrast, men were likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “laziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.
Generally, people think that women’s success comes from more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.
Dr Smith said, “ Most women feel that getting grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compete in the male-dominated environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an ‘insurance policy’ for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work.
“ This research sh
ows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.
70. What is the main purpose of the research? (Please answer within 15 words.)
71. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Men would play rather than academic work. (Please answer within 12 words.)
_____________________________________________________________________
72. Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence according to the underlined words. (Please answer within 12 words.)
Most women think _________________________________________________________
in the competition against men.
回答问题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面短文，根据第58至第60小题的具体要求，尽可能简要回答问题，并将答案转写到答题卡上。
Playing is serous business for children. In fact, it’s what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, “Because it’s fun!” But it’s much more than that. It’s also good for them.
Studies show that from birth babies begin learning through play. They use their five senses to get know their new world. Touching allows them to discover how different things feel. Brightly colored toys and clothing help develop a baby’s sense of sight.
When small children choose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in making decisions.
Children love toys that allow them to use their imagination. Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech toy. That’s because a box can become anything a child imagines it to be.
Crayons, paints and Play-Doh(彩色塑泥) are also good because they allow children to create. Traditional building blocks teach important pre-math skills like problem-solving.
Playing doesn’t become any less important once children start school. Many valuable lessons about life are learned on the school playground. Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules.
58 What can children do best in their childhood? (回答词数不超过1个)
_____________________________________________________________________________
59 What do colored toys and clothing help develop? (回答词数不超过5个)
_____________________________________________________________________________
60 Children like toys to develop their imagination. Do you think so? (回答词数不超过5个)
_____________________________________________________________________________
SECTION B
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”
81. What is the main idea of this passage? （回答词数不超过10个）
_________________________________________________________
82. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage? （回答词数不超过4个）
_________________________________________________________
83. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”? （回答词数不超过8个）
_________________________________________________________
84. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest? （回答词数不超过13个）
_________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文并回答问题, 然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
|
Certainly dustmen prefer to be known as “Refuse Collection and Disposal Officers”. You may think that this is rather silly, and that it is better to call a spade. But dustmen can be just as sensitive as people of any other occupations, though we must admit that their job is not the most romantic one in the world. We often take dustmen for granted. Perhaps because they usually come very early in the morning, before most people are up, we are inclined to forget that they exist. Our dustbins are emptied regularly, but we rarely stop to think about the men who do this. Howev
er, it is one of the most important jobs in the world, and when there are no dustmen________, the general public soon becomes aware that something is wrong.
Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Richard Wagner was a German musician who lived in the mid-19th century．He gained fa
me by writing opera, a form of performance combining singing, music on instruments, and drama.
Wagner’s life and work have been very controversial(有争议的)．While he wrote excellent music, many people think his operas are too dark and serious, lacking tile fun co
mmon in operas written before his time.
Wagner, on the other hand, thought the opera of his time was too simple．He wanted to make opera a serious form of art that combined drama and music to tell deep stories that would have a strong effect on the audience.
Some people thought Wagner’s new kind of music was too different from the operas they were used to hearing．Wagner agreed with them．In fact, he didn’t call his works “operas” at all, using instead a German word that means “Musical Festival” or “Musical play”.
While many people today still do not like Wagner’s operas, they cannot deny that Wagner had a lot of influence on opera as a form of art．Wagner invented the tradition of turning off the lights before starting a play．He also was the first person to make the whole audience sit down for an entire play．Today, almost all operas are performed in this manner.
Wagner as a man was even more controversial than Wagner as a writer of music．He hated Jewish people, slept with his friends’ wives, and made many people angry, which we would today think of as evil．Some would say he was a good musician, while others would say that he was a bad musician．But it would be difficult to say he was not an important person in music and in the world.
81．What is the best word that describes Wagner? (no more than one word)
82．What does the underlined word “deep” in Para．3 mean? (no more than 3 words)
83．Why does the author say “Wagner as a man was even more controversial”? (no more than 15 words)
84．List two things that showed Wagner had a lot of influence on opera? (no more than 30 words)
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入适当的单词。（注意：每个空格只填一个单词）
Women smoking cigars were not common for a very long time.Cigar smoking was for very wealthy men and a very few wealthy women. Cigar smoking was seen as a male choice,and smoking fine cigars proved that you had a very good business sense and a successful business.
Cigars represent masculinity(男子气概)—due to their large shape,money –because you have to have a lot of money in order to buy fine vigars ,and power –if you want to intimidate (恐吓) a personal，smoke a cigar. The average women didn’t have their own income to spend and buy cigars in the past ,but now as women gain their own incomes, they are picking up on smoking cigars due to their own wealth. … …
| Title |
61. smoking cigars |
| The situation before |
●Women 62. smoked cigars Compared with men. ●Only wealthy men and women could afford cigars. ●Smoking fine cigars meant you Were a successful 63. |
| What cigars 64. |
●Masculinity- because cigars have a large shape. ●Wealth – because cigars 65. Much money. ●Power –because cigars mean a high social position. |
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分l 5分）
Do you want to work with people or animals or machines or tools? Do you want to work indoors or outdoors, directly serve people in need or serve people behind the scenes? These are the typical questions that a volunteer service agency would ask.
Every year, thousands and thousands of people in the west offer volunteer services. Volunteering greatly strengthens the community partly because it helps the old, the young, the weak, the sick, the disabled and the injured to overcome difficulties.
Volunteers usually help in many different ways. They may give people advice, offer friendship to the young, drive the elderly to church, counsel kids against drugs. Work as an assistant in a school or nursing home, raise funds, plant trees, help out in local libraries and do many other things.
Volunteering can be a few hours a week or a few hours a month, time during the day, evenings or weekends, either part time or full time. Anybody __________ can become a volunteer.
The art of volunteering is a process of both giving and receiving. Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people and make new friends and mix with people from all walks of life. Volunteering is an excellent way to experiment, practice and try out new techniques and skills. It is much more effective to practice a skill than to read about it or study it in a classroom. Volunteering is a great way to develop good teamwork skills, discover your individual talents and explore career choices. Being a volunteer takes individuals on a wonderful journey and helps them learn many important things beyond their school.
76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Volunteer service can provide chances for volunteers to make acquaintance of all kinds of people.
_______________________________________________________________________78. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words, phrases or sentences to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)
______________________________________________________________________
79. What kind of volunteer jobs would you like to take? Why? (Please answer within 30 words)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第II卷（共45分）
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
【1】We're increasingly living in a world where physical activity has stopped being a day-to-day part of our lives. We have domestic appliances to wash and dry for us and cars to get us around, and with the decline in manual labour many of us spend our working day sitting at desks.
【2】 In fact, there's a well-established theory that moderate physical activity is, for most people, the best way to better health. If you start off doing too much too soon, you'll get fed up and stop, get injured or even make yourself ill. So what's the right amount of exercise to get fit and healthy without injuring yourself in the process?
【3】 According to the government, only 37 per cent of men and 24 per cent of women take enough exercise to get any benefit from it. ____________obesity, heart disease and other life-limiting conditions, the chief medical officer (the government's top doctor) recommends the following:
【4】 Adults should do a minimum of 30 minutes moderate-intensity physical activity, five days a week.
【5】You don't have to do the whole 30 minutes in one go. Your half-hour could be made up of three ten-minute bursts of activity spread through the day, if you prefer.
【6】The activity can be a 'lifestyle activity' (in other words, walking to the shops or taking the dog out) or structured exercise or sport, or a combination of these. But it does need to be of at least moderate intensity.
【7】People who are at specific risk from obesity, or who need to manage their weight because of a medical condition, need 45-60 minutes of exercise at least five times a week.
【8】 For bone health, activities that produce high physical stresses on the bones are necessary 76. What is the purpose of the passage? （within 12 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Day by day, we neglect the fact that physical activity is an important part of our lives.
__________________________________________________________________________
78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. （within 5 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
79. List three factors that make people less active based on the passage. (within 8 words）
① _____________________ ② _____________________③ _______________________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________________________
第二卷
第一节：阅读表达（每小题３分，共１５分。）
阅读下面的短文，并根据要求回答问题。
Confidence: you’ve either got it or you haven’t, right? Wrong. Most people learn confidence
as they go through life.
Even if you are shaking like a leaf on the inside, you’ll make a lasting impression if you can come across as confident. Here are some confidence-building tips.
Fake(假装) it! If you can pretend that you feel confident when you don’t and keep on doing so, your fake confidence will soon turn into real confidence. It only takes a few repetitions of an activity for it to become a habit—so get in the habit of .
Think it. For an instant encouragement to yourself-esteem (自尊心), recall three things that give you positive emotions. It could be a great compliment somebody paid you, a special time when you felt happy and popular, or when you really excelled (胜过别人) at something. Bringing them to mind will help you to feel good instantly—and when you feel good, you have greater confidence.
Focus it. Difficult situations, such as interviews or new jobs, can make you feel shy. If you’re feeling anxious about yourself, stop thinking about yourself and focus on something else. It could be that you focus on something normal, like the view out of the window, or that you pay more attention to the task at hand—getting the job! Either way, you'll feel less awkward.
Talk it. If you keep telling yourself that you're not good at something, you’ll start to believe it. Next time you blame yourself, ask yourself whether you'd talk to your friends like that. So quit being negative and start recognizing and appreciating the things you are good at.
Walk it. Great posture can signal great confidence. Walk with a purposeful stride, walk with your back straight and with your head held up high!
1．What is the best title of the passage? （within 8 words）
2．Please fill in the blank in the 3rd paragraph with proper words to complete the sentence.
（within 6 words.）
3．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Stop finding fault with yourself and try to think more about your advantages.
4．Which of the tips given in the passage will work best with you? Why? （within 30 words.）
5．Please translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese.
第二节：阅读表达(共 5小题，每小题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求)
To forgive (宽恕) may be great, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your complaint. But forgiveness is possible — and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.
So how do you start forgiveness? Try following these steps:
Calm yourself. To calm your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” Luskin says.
Don’t wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” Luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. So if you ______________________, you could be waiting an awfully long time.”
Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who cause you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Luskin says.
Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you understand that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear — even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving
themselves is the biggest challenge,” Luskin says. “But it can rob
you of your self–confidence if you don’t forgive yourself.”
81. What is the best title of the passage? （Please answer within 10 words.）
___________________________________________________________________
82. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If you always keep your hurt in mind, you will encourage the person who hurt you.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
83. Please fill in the blank in the 4th paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.（Please answer within 8 words.）
____________________________________________________________
84. Which advice is the most difficult for you to follow? Why? （Please answer within 30 words.）
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
85. Translate the underlined sentence in the last but one paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
According to a new study, preschool boys perform better on tests that measure learning and other important skills when they are in classes that have more girls than boys. This doesn’t seem to apply to girls, though. For preschool girls, the presence or absence of boys does not affect learning.
“The study raises questions about having all-boy or all-girl classes for preschool”, says psychologist Arlen Moller, who led the study. She added, “Previous researches have shown that high-school girls may study better in all-g irl schools. In middle school, however, the effects of same-sex schooling 
are unclear, and even less is known for very young kids.” To find out, researchers studied 70 preschool classes with a total of 806 children who were between 3.5 and 6 years old. For each class, teachers recorded the student’s progress over a 6.5-month school year.
Their data included scores of motor skills, social skills and thinking skills. Researchers found that boys developed each of these skills more quickly when there were more girls in the class than boys.
In majority-girl classrooms, boys developed at the same rate as girls. But in classes where boys were the majority, boys developed more slowly than girls. Girls tended to advance in classrooms which had any combination of boys and girls.
The study is one of the first to look at how the proportion of boys and girls in a class affects learning. Because it’s a new finding, researchers don’t know why this difference exists.
“This is an exciting topic, but it’s too early to draw any conclusion because this area is so under-explored,” says psychologist Lean Malofeeva of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
81．What is the finding of the researchers led by Arlen Moller? (no more than 15 words)(2 marks)
82．According to the research , what effect does a minority-girl class have on boy’s study?(no more than 8 words)(3 marks)
83．How does Lean Malofeeva find the study of the researchers led by Arlen Moller?(no more than 6 words)(3 marks)
84．List three abilities the researchers focused on. (on more than 7 words)(3 marks)
简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an underground movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption (火山喷发) . A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and hit the land with huge waves.
From the area where the tsunamis come, waves travel in all directions. Once the waves approach the coast, the
y will become more than 100 feet in height. The topography (地形) of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the latter one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a huge wave a few miles away.
All tsunamis are dangerous, even if they may not damage every coastline they strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the US coastline. Many harmful tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.
A movement of the ocean floor, caused by earthquakes, most often causes tsunamis. If a tsunami occurs close to a coast, the first wave could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is given. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the coastline. Drowning is the most common cause of death during a tsunami. Tsunami waves are very harmful to buildings. Other dangers include floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.
An accurate prediction (预报) system will allow authorities (官方) to issue timely warnings and save lives in the event of a shore-bound tsunami. But forecasting tsunamis accurately is very difficult because the ocean is usually calm before they strike land.
65. What can cause tsunamis according to the passage? ( 回答词数不超过6个 )
66. What harm can a tsunami bring besides killing people and damaging buildings? ( 回答词数不超过15个 )
67. Why is it very difficult to forecast tsunami accurately ? ( 回答词数不超过9个 )
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