Pollution is a growing problem that is facing the international community, but even the actions that we take can make a difference. Littering is creating environmental problems all over the world and is often created by careless individuals. If we guard our actions against careless littering we can ensure a better world for everyone.
Littering is a severe problem in many countries around the world. For example, the African city of Kampala, the capitol of Uganda, is suffering from the consequences of littering. For many years the city’s poor didn’t have a proper way to dispose of trash, so garbage filled the streets. Over the years much of the plastic garbage would slowly be pushed into the ground. This plastic litter doesn’t allow rain water to seep into the ground and has caused flooding. In many of Kampala’s poor neighborhoods whenever it rains people’s homes become flooded with water. This water is often dirty and has allowed diseases to spread. This flooding has become so bad that the Ugandan government has banned plastic bags in the entire country to stop the littering.
Trash often finds its way into the water. Today the world’s oceans are believed to have millions of tons of trash floating around in them. This creates a problem for wildlife because they may accidentally eat the trash and die from it. Scientists have found on very remote islands baby birds that have died because their stomachs were full of trash. Fish often get tangled in plastic and will also die. Our actions in our own countries affect the most remote parts of the planet.
We can all be part of the solution to stop this pollution, just by preventing careless littering. If you need to throw something away, don’t toss it over your shoulder — find a trash can. If you see a friend littering tell them not to. By making this small change we can create a better world for all.What does the author say is the cause of littering? (No more than 4 words)
________________________________________________________________________How does trash cause flooding? (No more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________How can local actions affect the international environment? (No more than 12 words)
________________________________________________________________________What does the author suggest to prevent littering? （No more than 7 words）
________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[1]It's safe, it's simple, and it works: Drinking right amounts of water really can help you lose weight, new research shows.
[2]In what researchers claim is the first-ever trial of the effect of water consumption on weight loss, scientists from Virginia Tech found that dieters who started each meal with two glasses of water lost nearly five pounds more, on average, than dieters who did not, over the course of 12 weeks. There's no shortage of clear evidence about how water might work to control your appetite (食欲). It ________________ so you don't eat so much; it keeps down your thirst so that you don't turn to calorie－rich sodas or juices. But until now, the researchers say, there has been no true evidence that water's appetite-controlling benefits ever translate into actual weight loss. Now there is. In the 12-week study period, dieters instructed to drink water with every meal lost an average of 15.5 pounds; dieters given no instructions lost, on average, just 11 pounds.
[3]Perhaps the most surprising thing about the finding is how little we still know about healthy water consumption in general. In fact, although doctors and public health authorities regularly remind us to drink more water, very few studies give any insight into what our ideal quantity may be.
[4]The new results today suggest that many people could indeed stand to drink a little more water than they do. But if you're looking to lose weight, be aware that it is actually possible to drink too much water, and you probably won't help matters any by drinking too much water at a time. In extreme cases, it can even be deadly. A couple of glasses with each meal, however, should be no problem at all for a healthy person.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 2 words)
Enough obvious evidence _______ how your appetite might be under the control of water.
________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________________________Why should we avoid drinking too much water at a time？(no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________What does the word "it" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) probably refer to？(no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________
[1] Safety in the highway is not totally out of hand. Here are four ways you can protect yourselves when you travel.
[2] You are safer in a large car. People in small cars are injured more often and more severely than people traveling in large cars. Factories of small cars are strengthening their products’ safety, which helps. But the mix of large cars and small cars on the road is the main reason for the safety problem.
[3] Being thrown into glass and metal parts of a car — or being thrown from the car — can really damage you. That’s why safety belts should be worn. The safety belt’s main purpose is to pull you back. If your car has a sudden crash with another vehicle or object or if it rolls over, a belt can reduce the chance of fatal injury by 45% and the chance of serious injury by 50%.
[4] _______________________. More than half of all new cars sold have air bags. Air bags provide protection in frontal crashes — the type of crash that kills the most drivers, though they are also wearing safety belts. Most people demand air bags in the cars they buy. But the protection provided by air bags is limited in side or rear crashes; effective as they are, they can’t take the place of safety belts.
[5] Drunk driving crashes are less likely to happen if you don’t drink. Drunk driving is the most serious problem. Many people have realized that mixing drinking and driving can lead to death and injury, prison time and other results. There are measures to strengthen penalties (处罚) for drinking and driving.What is the main idea of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________ Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? Air bags can not do much protection in side or rear crashes; although they are effective, you can’t replace safety belts with air bags.
_____________________________________________________________________________ Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with a proper sentence. (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________ What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to? (no more than 2 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you? And why? (no more than 30 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________
请以“Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports " 为题写一篇英语短文，内容包括：
1． 体育运动的好处；
2． 体育运动可能带来的副作用；
3． 你参加运动的体会
注意：1.词数：120词左右；
2.可以适当加入细节，以使内容充实，行文连贯。
Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports
____________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文并回答问题（请注意问题后的词数要求 ）
[1] You can never get to peace and security without first knowing all of the good things in your life. So you need to learn how to appreciate your life and here are some simple steps you can take to achieve this goal.
Work hard to have an attitude of gratitude.
[2] As you learn to appreciate the small things in your life, you’ll find a sense of happiness. You’ll also find it easier to appreciate the big things in your life, which will help you appreciate your life as a whole.
[3] To begin with, find five things to be grateful for each day. Call this your “Gratitude List,” and write it down before bedtime. At first, to find even just five things to be grateful for. That’s okay. You won’t learn how to appreciate your life over night, just like you didn’t become dissatisfied over night either. List small things, and go from there. The longer you keep a “Gratitude List,” the easier it will be to find things to put on it. Soon you’ll be able to list more things than you thought!
Learn to appreciate others.
[4] Take note when someone does something nice for you. If anyone does a job that’s normally yours, stop and thank them sincerely. Value the moment, and look for other opportunities to find the good in others. This will help you appreciate the people around you, who are also part of your life.
Appreciate yourself.
[5] This can be extremely hard, especially with all the criticism we hear from others. Appreciation also includes respect and you can’t appreciate or truly enjoy your life if you don’t respect yourself . So, think of one small thing you can appreciate about yourself every day, and take the time to really enjoy it. Be thankful for it, and know you’re learning how to really appreciate your life.
[6] It takes 30 fays of doing something before it becomes a habit. But after this, keeping a “Gratitude List,” appreciating others, and admiring yourself will become second nature to you. In no time, you’ll realize you know how to appreciate your life.What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 10 words)
Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph 2.(no more than 5 words)
How can we learn to appreciate others around us?(no more than 10 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
What does the word “it”(Line 4, Paragraph 5 ) probably refer to?(no more than 4 words)
阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
阅读下面短文回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
(1)Canadian culture was heavily influenced by British culture and traditions. Now one can also notice the influence of American culture. Over the years, lots of people have moved to Canada. There has been a healthy change of Canadian’s ideas that has resulted in the development of certain special features in Canada. The people of Canada have always been proud of their diverse cultural backgrounds.
(2)Art：Canada has some of the most wonderful classical works of art . In the year 1930, artists began developing their own personal style. The“Group of seven”is considered to be the first group of native artists to create their own style.
(3)Language and religion：Because of its diverse cultures, Canada has two official languages, English and French. There is . A number of people in Canada have confirmed that they have no religious belief, though there are many other groups that follow Protestantism as areligion.
(4)Literature：The literature of Canada basically shows the different cultural influences of other countries. Some of the early works were divided according to the region of Canada from which the author came, but there were also authors who gave a humorous touch to serous contents. A number of authors have been awarded for their literature works.
(5)Music：Music in Canada has seen many developments in styles along the way. Many Canadian musicians have earned worldwide fame. From folk music to rock, Canadian music continues to entertain people. In recent years, music from Asia and Africa has found quite a fan following in Canada.What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 3 words)
Who is the first group of native artists to create their own style of art? (no more than 4 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
What does the word“their”(Line 4, Para. 1) refer to? (no more than 2 words)
Canadian culture has been influenced by many other countries. List all of them mentioned in the text. (no more than 10 words)
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[l] We expect companies selling products to make them as available as possible. But now some of them are bringing back rationing(定量供应). As you might expect, it's all part of a plan to make us spend more, not less.
[2]Butter, bacon, sugar, tea and meat were rationed in Britain during World War II, because goods at that time were scarce, and hard to get for all. But nowadays industrial mass production . Factories all over the world are pumping out bright and beautiful objects.
[3]When everyone has to wait and save up for new things, owning them feels exciting and special. But when lovely things are available every day, they stop being a treat. The other characteristic of consumer society is that we aim for social distinction through what we own. But if everyone has lots of things, how can we impress anyone with our purchases? All of this takes the fun out of shopping and means there's a limit to how much consumerism can grow.
[4] This is deeply worrying to companies, and some of them have started to fight it, by creating artificial scarcity(短缺). For example, Swedish rapper Adam Tensta has limited access to his latest track. Only one person at a time can access it, and fans must take their place in a digital queue.
[5] This hend means we can again own something rare. But the risk for these companies is that in a world of so many things, if they make their products too hard to get, we'll just buy from someone else instead.What is the text mainly about? (no more than 3 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
In which paragraph can the following sentences be put as an example?
In Singapore, a small cafe called Liberty Coffee only opens on random days. It sometimes stays closed for over a week at a time.
What are the two characteristics of consumer society? (no more than 15 words)
①
② What is the risk for the companies creating artificial scarcity ? (no more than l0 words)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Food is life; it gives us the nourishment(营养)we need to stay alive and be healthy. 1 Britain Wansink, a professor at the University of Illinios, says we also eat certain foods because they make us feel good, and remind us of happy memories. Wansink calls this kind of food comfort, for some people, ice cream is a comfort food. For others, a bowl of noodle soup makes them feel good.
2 Professor Wansink believes that we connect food with important times, feelings, and people in our lives, “When I was a child, my mother made a delicious soup; I love it. 3 And it helps me feel better,” says one of Wansink’s coworker.
Do men and women choose different comfort foods? Wansink’s research at the University of Illinois says “yes”. In his study, the favorite comfort food for both men and women was ice cream. After this, men usually preferred hot, savory(味香的) foods like soup or noodles. 4 Men and women like to eat comfort foods when they are happy, but women eat these foods more when they are sad or worried.
5 About 40 percent of the comfort foods in Wansink’s study were healthy main dishes or soups and vegetables. It shows, says Wansink, that a comfort food can taste good and be good for you.
| A．Not all comfort food is junk food. |
| B．Where can we buy this sort of food? |
| C．Sweet foods are also their preference. |
| D．How does a food become comfort food? |
E. Usually, we eat because we are hungry or need energy.
F. Women liked sweet things such as chocolate and cookies.
G. Now, I often have this kind of food when I am tired or worried.
Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
In Britain and other countries, young people usually take a “gap year”, a year off between high school and college. This idea never gained a big following in the United States. Recent news reports have suggested that interest may be growing, though there are no official numbers.
Charles Deacon, the dean of admissions estimates that in the current first-year class of one thousand six hundred students, only twenty-five percent decided to take a year off. He says this number has not changed much over the years. He says the most common reasons to have a chance to travel, but international students may take a gap year to meet requirements at home for military duty.
Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education. But it can also give students a chance to explore their interest.
Many colleges and universities support gap-year projects by permitting students to delay their admission. Experts say students can grow emotionally and intellectually as they work at something they enjoy. The Harvard admissions office has an essay on its Web site called “Time Out or Burn Out for the Next Generation”. It praises the idea of taking time off to step back, think and enjoy gaining life experience outside the pressure of studies. Of course, a gap year is not for everyone. Students might miss their friends who go on directly to college. And parents might worry that their children will decide not to go to college once they take time off. Another concern is money. A year off, away from home, can be costly.
Holly Bull is the president of the Center for Interim Programs. Her company specializes in helping students plan their gap year. She notes that several books have been written about this subject. And she points out that many gap-year programs cost far less than a year of college.How do many colleges and universities support gap-year projects? (No more than 8 words)
According to Charles Deacon, how many students in the current first-year class of his school decided to take a gap year? (No more than 8 words)
What is the purpose of some high school students taking a gap year?( No more than 6 words)
Why do parents worry about children’s gap year? (No more than 15 words)
阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。（请将答案写在答题卡上相应番号后的横线上）
Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. However, you can receive better grades if you want. Yes, even students with average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here’s how:
1．Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule of your time. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule.
2．Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
3．Skim before you read. Look over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions, Skimming(略读)helps double your reading speed and improve your comprehension as well.
4． . Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material, too. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests.
5．Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively（过分地）about a single test.
There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Improving your studying habits will improve your grades.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If you fail an exam, don’t let it trouble you too much.
______________________________________________________________According to the passage, how can an average student improve his/her grades?(within 10 words)
___________________________________________________________Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with a proper sentence. (within 10 words)
____________________________________________________________Which tip do you think is the most useful? Why? (within 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese.
____________________________________________________________________
Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Bicycle rental companies in Beijing are going broken, because nobody wants to hire their services. Major rental operators have invested about 100 million yuan ($14.7 million) in almost 20,000 bicycles but are now struggling to survive.
A spokesman from the Bird of Freedom Bicycle Rental said the company had already sold most of the 400 bicycles.“This is a difficult business, especially when it is cold.The cold weather almost killed the business.” he said.
Bigger rental companies are also facing challenges.Beijing Bicycle Rental Co. Ltd. which owns 8,000 bicycles, has invested more than 30 million yuan over the past year.Wang Yong, chairman of the group, said his company had not made a profit since it began in 2005.
Almost all bicycle rental companies in Beijing require deposits of 300 to 400 yuan and then customers need to pay 10 yuan or more per hour.“I don't want to pay 400 yuan to rent a bike.It's too dear,” said Zhang Yu, a student in Communication University of China, who does not own a bike and often takes motorized rickshaws.“If renting for one day will cost 20 yuan and I rent a bike for five days, I can use the money to buy a new one.”
Although facing economic ruin, some enterprises are still hoping that conditions will improve.
IbikeMedia, one of the biggest bicycle rental companies in China, also invested tens of millions yuan in Beijing and has more than 10,000 bicycles.Li Weiwei, general manager of IbikeMedia Beijing, said his company has a policy of no deposit and no payment.He said the company tried to put advertisements on the bicycles and in this way, they could make profits.But they had not made a profit yet because of its small scale.However, customers must pay 20 yuan per card and also show proof of good personal credit.
In early July, the Beijing municipal government announced plans to develop a 50,000bicycle rental operation across the city.“The bigger network we have, the more citizens will rent bikes，” Li said.“This will make rental easier to citizens and we strongly need help from the government.”In which season is the bicycle rental business the most difficult in Beijing? (No more than 2 words)
_____________________________________________________________List the reasons why Zhang Yu is not willing to rent a bike.(No more than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________How can IbikeMedia possibly make a profit according to Li Weiwei? (No more than 6 words)
_____________________________________________________________What is the main idea of the passage ？(No more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，回答文后的5个问题，并把答案写在答题卡指定区域内。
[1] If you read a newspaper or listen to a newscast(news report) recently, you may hear or read a strange word, “staycation.” Staycation is a new word the American press(newspapers, radio, and television) is using to describe a vacation very close to your own home, or simply staying at home during your vacation. It is a combination of the words “stay” and “vacation”.
[2] According to many news reports, these staycations are very popular among American families this year. Why? The high price of gasoline for cars and airplanes has made it very expensive for Americans to travel compared to past years. When you combine this with the weak American dollar, it all adds up to people deciding to stay close to home during their traditional summer vacations. Of course, some places are more interesting to “stay home at” than others. And if you live in a very small town, well, you may just want to skip your vacation and save your time up to next year!
[3] Everything is expensive nowadays, and let’s face it—a vacation just may not be in your plan this year. You don’t have to give up family fun just because you can’t ; instead, follow my tips for an economical staycation filled with old favorites and new adventures! Staycations have achieved high popularity in current hard economic times in which unemployment levels and gas prices are high. What is this passage mainly about? (within one word)
Which two words make the new word “staycation”? (within 3 words)
What’s the meaning of “staycation”? (within 20 words)
Why are staycation popular this year? Please list two reasons. (each within 5 words)
Please fill in the blank with a phrase in the last paragraph. (with 3 words)
Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” reveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物） are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the real life of Bengal tigers.
With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,706 despite campaigns to protect the animal.
Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.
“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”
India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.
Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill for sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.
Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?
As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are more likely to be the big cat’s victims.
When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?
阅读下面短文，用英语简要回答文后所给的五个问题，并写在答题卡规定位置。
（注意：每题答案不超过10个单词）
Last year I worked in Nepalfor three months. When I had a few days off, I decided to go into the jungle(丛林). I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me.
We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our things. It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes. In the jungle there was a lot of wildlife, but we were trying to find tigers. We climbed onto the elephants’ backs to see better. However, it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the daytime.
Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet. We moved nearer and found a dead deer. This was the tiger’s lunch! Suddenly, I started to feel very frightened.
Then the tiger jumped out suddenly, about five hundred kilos and four meters long. It caught Kamal’s leg between its teeth, but I managed to pull Kamal away. One of our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly ran away to let the tiger eat its lunch. That night it was impossible to sleep!Where did the writer want to go during the days off?
____________________________________________________________________When did they start their trip?
____________________________________________________________________Why did they climb onto the elephants’ backs?
____________________________________________________________________What did they find when they moved nearer?
____________________________________________________________________Who drove the tiger away?
____________________________________________________________________
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（注意问题后的字数要求）
[1] Do you ever wish you were as thin as a model or as strong as your favorite football player? Maybe you wish you were taller or just shaped(塑形) a little differently. Those thoughts are a natural part of growing up. How can you feel better about your body?
[2] Firstly, learning what you can and can’t change about your body is part of growing up .It can be hard to accept. But when people accept the way they look, they often feel happier.
[3] Eating healthy foods can make people feel better about their bodies. Why? Because ________will make you full of energy and keep your body working just the way it should.
[4]Watching TV and playing computer games can be fun, but it doesn’t do much for your body because your body stays still（静止的）. Those are called sedentary(需要久坐的)activities because you sit while you do them.
[5] But when you move your body—by playing, dancing, taking part in sports, or even cleaning your room – you exercise your muscles(肌肉).When you exercise a muscle, it gets stronger and stronger. And when you have strong muscles, you can do whatever you want to do.
[6] People feel better about their bodies when their bodies can do whatever they want them to do. So climb a hill, jump rope, ride a bike, swim in a pool ,run up the stairs, or even do the hula – and enjoy all your body can do!What’s the main idea of this passage? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank in paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________Why do watching TV and playing computer games aren’t good for us according to paragraph4? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________What will your muscles be after you exercise them? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
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