Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should” go to but to enjoy.
At a science museum in Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Children’s Museum in New York, you can play an African drum. There are no “Do Not Touch” sign in some other museums in the USA.
More and more museum directors have realized that people learn best when they can become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, the visitors are encouraged to touch, listen, operate and experiment so as to discover scientific rules for themselves.
The purpose is not only to provide fun, but also help people feel at home in the world of science. If people don’t understand science, they will be afraid of it; and if they are afraid of science, they will not make the best use of it.
One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and spare time. Another cause is that the number of young people grow in the population. Many of them are college students or college graduates. They see things in a new and different way. They want art that they can take part in. The same is true of s
cience and history.
The old museums have been changing and the government is encouraging th
e building of new, modern museums. In the States and Canada, there are more than 6000 museums, twice as many as there were 25 years ago.
Title: __________________________
| Science Museums |
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| Children’s Museums |
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| Changes |
Rules |
Number |
|
| In the past |
Not allowed to touch |
||
| Nowadays |
encouraged to experience |
6000+ |
|
| Providing fun→having a good time |
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| Wealth and spare time |
|||
| The government |
From bankers to factory staff, employees in the west face the bleak prospect of losing their jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to keep jobs in difficult times, which will stop unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.
The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting Western shift to Eastern flexibility.
“In the Confucian attitude, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There is the sense of collective responsibility whereas in the west, it’s more about the individual survival,” said Michael Benotlel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University.
Steven Pang, Asian Regional director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was an responsibility “ to take care of the members of the family and go through the pain together” even if that meant causing losses.
Us firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands. But at the Asian units of Western multinationals, jobs cuts will probably be less severe.
Japan’s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong’s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East
and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad.According to the passage, what does “to share the burden” mean?
( less than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________________ Why would firms in the west lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect?
( no more than 5 words)
____________________________________________________________________Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn? (no more than 12 words)
____________________________________________________________________What’s the passage talking about? (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________
阅读下面的短文，根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）
Some expressions have made a jump from sports events to everyday life. One such expression is fall guy. A fall guy is the person who someone decides will be the loser or victim.
The first fall guys were men who wrestled for money. At the end of the 19th century, wrestling was a very popular sport in the United States. Wrestling competitions were held not only in big cities but also at country fairs and traveling shows. As wrestling gained in popularity, it became less like a sport because the winners of the matches were arranged in advance. The wrestlers knew -----before the match ----- which one of them would be the winner.
The goal in wrestling is to hold the shoulders of your opponent down against the floor. This is called a fall. Sometimes, one of the wrestlers would be paid before the match to take the fall. He would agree ____________ ---the fall guy.
Today, a fall guy is anyone who is tricked into taking the blame for the crime or wrongdoing of someone else. There are fall guys in many situations --- people who publicly take the blame when something goes wrong.
A fall guy takes the rap for something wrong or illegal. He accepts responsibility and punishment for what someone else did. He may have something to do with the situation, but is not the person who should be blamed.
The word rap has meant blame for several hundred years. The expression to take the rap was first used about one hundred years ago. Another similar expression is bum rap. A person receives a bum rap if he is found guilty of a crime but is really innocent.What does the expression “ a fall guy” refer to according to Paragraph 1? (within 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________________Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
However, as the sport became more popular, it became less and less of a sport, as many of the matches were fixed.
________________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (within 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________________What does it mean if someone receives a bum rap? (within 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 into Chinese.
___________________________________________________________________________
Chinese cuisine（菜肴）is widely known and enjoyed in the world. But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East - the ancient custom of “tonic food.”
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well-being, or stave off sickness, particularly at times when one is more likely to fall ill. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame-oil hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.
In fact, some Western theories of health are similar to the beliefs in Chinese tonic food, although each takes a different path toward the very same goal. Western medicine actually recommends some of the exact same ingredients that make up tonic foods. Sesame oil can provide lots of calories, and chicken meat is particularly high in protein. 
Any Western doctor should be happy to suggest such a Chinese dish after childbirth.
The elderly, weak, and young can also benefit greatly from tonic foods, especially during the winter. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot,” while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radish, are seen as “cold.” One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, 
how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, 
and the individual’s health.
“Warm” or “cool” tonic foods are strongly recommended. The choices for “warm” and “cool” foods range from simple sea cucumber to the delicacy of bird’s nest soup, depending on the individual’s economic circumstances.
The concept of tonic food is far from losing credibility, either with Westerners or practitioners of modern medicine. For example, up until two years ago, tonic foods were added to the meals served at a renowned hospital.What attitude do the young in the East hold towards “tonic food”?（不超过5个词）(2分)
Why are some Western theories of health considered similar to the Chinese beliefs in tonic food? (不超过11个词)
List four factors deciding the amount of tonic food. （不超过20个词）
What does the passage mainly talk about? （不超过6个词）
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）
[1]One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country.
[2] Pubs play an important part in the social structure of the country. They are places where all ages and social classes mix to talk, do business, or just spend a couple of quiet hours before heading home in the evening.
[3] There are many different types of beer available in pubs. Traditional British beer is called bitter, or ale, and is usually served at room temperature. As a result, the British are famous for their ‘warm beer’ ! If you prefer a cold beer, ask for lager. This beer is a light yellow in color whereas bitter is usually a darker brown. All beers are served as pints (500ml) or haves (250ml). To order, you need to ask for a pint or half, and then name the beer. So, you could say “ ”.
[4]Wine, red or white, is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits such as whisky, gin or vodka.
[5]It is not, however, necessary to drink alcohol. Non-alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks. You can have juice, lemonade or cola, among others.
[6]If you visit a pub in a group, it is important to pay for your ‘round’. This means that you buy a drink for everyone in your group. Not buying your round is a big social mistake! Remember that you need to order and pay for your drinks at the bar.
[7]So, follow these tips if you want to get the most out of visiting a pub, and, “cheers!”What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If you don’t buy a drink for everyone in your group, you are socially wrong.Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 1 words.)
If you are in a pub, what would you like to drink? Why? (Please answer within 20 words.)
Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
America is a country on the move．In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health．According to the latest figures，59 percent of American adults exercise regularly—up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago．Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active．
It is hard not to get the message．The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers，postage stamps，and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books．Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises．Growing publicity for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of runningAlthough Americans have also discovered other forms of exercise（such as walking and swimming），running________________________________________．
As the popularity of exercise continues to increase．so does scientific evidence of its health benefits．The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle group vigorously enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time．Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months．What is the best title for the passage?（Please answer within 10 words．）
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
There are a lot of people of all ages who seek for better health through exercise．Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）
What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?（Please answer within 30 words．）
Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上。
“No man is an island”is a well-known line from John Donne’s Devotion, written more than three hundred years ago．Even now people still agree with him．No one can live a completely isolated life．Without other people, life became empty and sad．We all need to have friends.
For some of us, though making friends is not difficult, feeling shy, we may not want to make the first move．It is also difficult at times to keep the friends we already have.
There are many books about friendship, but Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People, written in 1936, is the most famous．This “how to” book about getting along with other people became a best seller．It was later put into 28 languages.
Dale Carnegie’s advice seems to be simple, but can his advice help you? Do you need to change the way you act? Here is the list of advice from his book:
（1）Be friendly and polite.
Always greet with a smile．Begin with “excuse me ” or “would you please” when ．Remember to say “thank you” and try to be as helpful as you can.
（2）Go out of your way to be nice.
Find some time to do special things for other people．Making some soup for a sick neighbour may seem like a little thing to you, but it will make your neighbour feel a lot better.
（3）Remember names.
They say that the sweetest music to a person’s ears is the sound of his or her own name.
（4）Be open-minded.
Try to understand other people’s ways and ideas and learn something from them.
（5）Listen patiently．When someone is talking to you, look at him or her, listen carefully and say something when necessary．What is the best title of this passage？（Please answer within 5 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________Please fill in the blank with proper words.（Please answer within 10 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
They will feel very happy when they hear their names．
_______________________________________________________________________________Why do some of us feel it not easy to make friends?（Please answer within 10 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，简要回答问题。
One of the greatest things about growing older is that you get to stay up late. It’s not just your parents who that decision. Your body lets you enjoy dark hours, too.
Resent study has shown that brain changes during teen years make it easier for kids to stay up late. “But it doesn’t mean that you should stay up late just because you can stay up late,” scientists say. Young people who don’t get enough sleep are often late for school, or they miss it completely. And their grades go down. “If you’re sleeping in school, you’re not learning,” says Mary Carskadon who is a sleep researcher.
Lack of sleep is a growing problem in the United States. Schools have been starting earlier in recent years. And with TV, computers, and video games attracting them, people of all ages are sleeping less than their parents or their grandparents did.
Sleep is important because it gives our bodies time to recover from the stress (压力) of living. Studies show that the adults (成人) who sleep less than 6 hours a night have mote heart problems and die sooner than the adults who sleep 7 to 8 hours a night.
How much sleep do you need? It depends mainly on your age. Babies often sleep for the most of the day. By the time they’re 10 years old, kids need an average of 10 hours a night. As they get older, kids have signs to sleep less. But given the chance in an experiment to sleep as long as they want to, young teenagers have 10 hours of sleep. There are even some indications that teenagers may need more sleep than younger kids. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “indications”.（在文章中找一个与indications意义相近的词） (2分)
_______________________________________. What is the main cause of young teenagers’ staying up late? (回答字数不超过8个) (3分)
_________________________________________________________________. Why is sleep so important? (回答字数不超过13个) (3分)
________________________________________________________________. What can be the best way to ensure the sleeping time of the school children in the USA according to the passage? (回答字数不超过6个) (2分)
__________________________________________________________________.
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Hope is actually something we create. It’s not something that magically appears from an outside source. Now more than ever, overcoming fear and holding onto hope are necessary and important. Trying these steps below will ___________ _______.
Be Kind to Yourself
Think about what you need most, and then do it. Is it a cup of tea, quiet music, a little rest, or reading inspirational literature? Whatever it is, grant yourself permission to do it, even for just a few minutes.
Create a Daily 5-Minute Silence Moment
Light a candle and reflect. Just silently reflecting in front of a lighted candle is extremely rewarding. This may be the one time of day when you feel connected to your own soul, and perhaps even something larger.
Treat Each Day Like a Precious Gift
What if today was the last day of your life? How would you want to live it? Ask yourself this question throughout the day. It will help you let go of the countless annoyances that tend to make most people lose balance.
Take a Break
Every day, take a 30-second break to look at the sky, breathe deeply and offer thanks. Let the sky be a sign of hope. Think of other people around the world as you look at the sky, and know that we all share this planet together. Among all of us, we have the ability to create solutions to the problems that now exist.
Express Love
Surprise a friend with a hug. Leave your partner small notes expressing thanks for kind acts. Doing all of this adds warmth and positive energy to our lives and the lives of people around us. It’s also very comforting both to the giver and receiver of each loving act.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 1 with proper words. (Please answer within 5 words.)
_________________________________________ Which advice mentioned in the passage do you like best? Why?(Please answer within 15 words.) ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 5 words.)
___________________________________________________________________________ Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It can help you get rid of much trouble which may lead most of us to a crash in motion.
____________________________________________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
____________________________________________________________________________
Section B
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Want your kids to sleep better at night? Turn off the TV. That’s the conclusion of a new study from Fin;land showing that merely having a television on in the house, even if the kids aren’t actively watching it, can be enough to disturb their sleep patterns significantly.
Childcare specialists are very specific about the amount of hours whey should be watching. But few people have looked closely at what happens when a TV is simply on in the background – either being watched by an adult or, just as commonly, by no one at all.
In a study published in the Journal of Sleep Research, Finnish investigators tried to get at that question, surveying 321 parents of 5-and 6-year-old children to determine the families’ viewing patterns and the effect this had on the kids sleep habits.
All of the families in the study watched a pretty fair amount of TV, with at least one television in the house switched on for an average of 4.2 hrs. per day. On average a child actively watched TV for 1.4 of those hours and was passively exposed to TV for at least another 1.4 hrs. In 21% of the homes, the kids had a TV of their own in the bedroom.
All that exposure, it turns out, was doing the kids’ sleep patterns no favor. In general, the greater the number of the hours of passive or active viewing was, the more problems young children had falling asleep, staying asleep, waking up in the morning and avoiding fatigue during the day.
But not all TV viewing was equal. Watching TV lone or at bedtime had grester negative impact on sleep. Unusually high passive exposure --- 2.1 hrs. per day or more --- was particularly associated with sleep disturbances.
81. what do childcare specialists care more about when talking about children’s watching TV? (no more than 9 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
82. what does the underlined words “that question” refer to? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
83. what’s the main purpose of the author to write this passage? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
84. what does the passage mainly talk about? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.
But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet(彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.
Even today, about 500 tons of material from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but occasionally a larger chunk(厚片，大块) strikes the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in Egypt, killing a dog. According to Professor Davies, it is in these chunks of rock, which were much larger and more frequent in the past that life forms could have been transported from planet to planet.
“But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?” says Paul Davies, “The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 10 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth.” Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? (2’) (No more than 6 words)
What does Professor Paul Davies believe? (2’) (No more than 6 words)
Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? (3’) (No more than 12 words)
List at least two differences about Mars between the past and now. (3’) (No more than 16 words)
Scientists believe that conditions on Mars around 3.8 billion years ago were very similar to those of the early earth, when primitive organisms were spreading through our oceans. At that time, Mars would have been much warmer and wetter than it is today, with an atmosphere composed mainly of carbon dioxide, just like that of the earth at the time. Under these conditions, it is highly probable that life may have arisen on Mars as well.
But, even if life did not arise naturally on Mars, it does not mean that it could not have existed there. According to Professor Paul Davies of the University of Adelaide, Australia, life forms could have been transferred between the earth and Mars in wreckage (broke pieces) created by the impact of comet(彗星) and small planets on the surface of the two planets.
Even today, about 500 tons of material from Mars lands on earth every year. It is mainly in the form of the dust but occasionally a larger chunk(厚片，大块) strikes the earth. In 1911, a piece of Martian rock crashed in Egypt, killing a dog. According to Professor Davies, it is in these chunks of rock, which were much larger and more frequent in the past that life forms could have been transported from planet to planet.
“But how could these life forms have survived their journey through space?” says Paul Davies, “The difficulty in believing this theory is that a bacterium on its own in space has to struggle itself not only against cold but also against deadly cosmic (宇宙的) radiation. But wrapped in a rock the situation is different. A rock ten meters across would shield life inside it from a lot of radiation and the temperature might only be minus 10 or 20 degrees, the sort of thing we have on earth.” Where do some scientists suppose life probably come from? (2’) (No more than 6 words)
What does Professor Paul Davies believe? (2’) (No more than 6 words)
Why could life survive when transferred from one planet to another? (3’) (No more than 12 words)
List at least two differences about Mars between the past and now. (3’) (No more than 16 words)
A mystery shopper is not a professional spy. Mystery shoppers are the secret eyes of service companies that need reliable judgment of their market competitiveness. However, earning an income as a mystery shopper is a legal job to assess the qualities of the service of a company, and help it grow and succeed. In other words, mystery shopping is about making truthful value judgment of the friendliness of the shopping environment, the helpfulness of the frontline stuff, the abilities of the shopping assistants, etc. You should be able not only to observe all these and make logical conclusions about your overall customer satisfaction, but also to remember details and watch out for particular signs. In the end, you will be asked to write down your impressions, either on paper or on line.
To be a successful mystery shopper, you need to meet some requirements. First you should feed the company that hires you with correct and reliable information about your shopping experience. Besides, you also need basic writing skills. You should write in a simple and understandable way, but still show both your overall impressions and the details you are asked about.
Don’t worry if you are a new mystery shopper—the company that hires you should provide you with instructions how to complete your shopping tasks. If the company does not provide you with prior(预先) training, you should doubt that it might be a mystery shopping test which you should be careful with. Therefore, you should always get instructions about the mystery shopping rules that you have to follow; about the things you should watch out for; about the way to fill in and present your response, etc. Becoming an experienced mystery shopper pays well. As you’re likely to get more invitations, earn greater income, and be contracted by more mystery shopping companies.
Title
| Work |
Friendly shopping environment |
|
| Helpful frontline stuff |
||
| |
||
| Remember details |
||
| Write down your impressions |
||
| Shopping experience |
||
| Ways |
Be provided with prior training |
|
| Be careful with |
||
| They mystery shopping rules |
||
| The things you should be careful with |
||
| They way to fill in and present your response |
||
| Get more invitations |
||
| Get more employment opportunities |
These days, Americans worry most about an economic recovery that President Obama calls "painfully slow". But on Saturday millions will remember the day al-Qaida terrorists flew airplanes into the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. Another hijacked plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania when passengers rebelled. Close to three thousand people died that day. Next year will be a big anniversary, ten years since the day Americans call 9-11.
But this September eleventh comes at an uneasy time. A large number of Americans say they oppose plans to build an Islamic center near the World Trade Center site in New York. This week attention centered on a Christian minister(基督教事工) with a small following in the state of Florida.
Reverend Terry Jones said he would mark the 9-11 anniversary by burning copies of the Quran(可兰经). He said he wanted to send a message to Islamic extremists. He said, "We are not hateful toward Muslims. We are not aiming this at Muslims, we are aiming this at Sharia law(伊斯兰教教法)."
Political and religious leaders around the world had condemned him. The plan even led the State Department to warn American travelers to avoid places where protests(抗议) might take place.
President Obama said burning Qurans could endanger American troops and invite more extremism. Defense Secretary Robert Gates called Mr. Jones on Thursday to urge him to reconsider.
Administration officials called the idea of burning Qurans "un-American." But they also agreed that it would be within constitutional rights, like protesters who burn American flags. The Constitution guarantees free speech and bars the government from restricting the practice of religion.According to this news article how many things made this September 11 uneasy? (No more than 1 word)
What did the State Department think would happen after Reverend revealed his plan? (No more than 4 words)
How did the government prevent the situation becoming worse? (No more than 9 words)
Why couldn’t the US government forbid Reverend to burn Qurans? (No more than 7 words)
SECTION B (10 points)
Direction: Read the following passage and answer the questions according to the information you get
in the passage and the required words limit.
Several years ago, Masaru Ibuka, the chairman of Sony, was at a company planning a meeting. Suddenly he had a brilliant idea. He stopped the meeting and asked everyone present what would happen if Sony removed the recording function and speaker and sold headphones(耳机) with a tape player instead. Almost everyone thought he was crazy. Still, Ibuka kept thinking about his idea and worked at refining it. The result, of course, turned out to be the wildly successful Sony Walkman.
Good ideas often start with a really silly question. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles(蛋奶烙饼)for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rub
ber into his waffle iron(蛋奶烙饼烤模).So, he tried and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies he was literally(确实地)laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather disappointed, Bowerman was determined and went on to form his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.
Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration(挫败). When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he had some paperwork that he needed to have delivered across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that
overnight delivery(隔夜送货) was impossible. He sat for a long while wondering why. Why couldn’t there be reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into a class project. His business professor thought it was not a good class project and gave him only a C. However, Smith refined the idea in that class project and eventually turned it into one of the first and most successful overnight mail services in the world——FedEx.
81. What did Masaru Ibuka’s idea turn out to be? （no more than 2 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
82. What did Fred Smith’s teacher think of his class project? （no more than 8 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
83. Nike athletic shoes came from Bill Bowerman’s idea of____________. （no more than 6 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
84. What is the main idea of the passage? （no more than 12 words）
______________________________________________________________________________
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