高中英语阅读填空试题

By the midnineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in places like hotels and hospitals, and by some forwardlooking city businessmen in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861～1865 ), it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and onethird of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, early form of the modern refrigerator，had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, people only had some simple and basic knowledge of the physics of heat. The common idea that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Early efforts to save ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been in the correct direction. He owned a farm and used an icebox of his own design for the transportation of his butter to a market in the village of Georgetown. And there he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting goods of his competitors to pay a higher price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, onepound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.As a result，Moore managed to earn a large sum of money.

The Origin of Refrigerators
History of the icebox	*By the mid19th century the_______ that ice had on American citizens' life was limited mainly to the diet. *When cities grew, the ice ________ increased. *Forwardlooking businessmen used ice to keep meat, fish and butter_______. *After the Civil War, due to the _______ of the modern refrigerator, household use of ice became possible.
Incorrect________ about the icebox	*The icebox ________ best when the ice was prevented from melting. *Ice should be ________ up in blankets to help do its jobs.
Thomas Moore's story	*As early as 1803, Thomas Moore knew how to use an icebox________. *An icebox was designed by Thomas Moore to________ his butter to the market. *Thomas Moore was very______ in his business.

“Equal pay for equal work” is a phrase by the American women who feel they are __(fair) treated by society. They think it is not right for women to be paid less than men for the __ amount of work. Some people say men have more duties than women. A married man has to earn money to support his family and make important ____ (decide), so it is right for them to be paid more. Some are even against married women __(work)at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children are given no attention ___. If women are encouraged by equal pay to take up jobs, they will ___   (able) to do the things that they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing ___ children. Women who disagree say that they want to escape from the limited place which society wishes them to fill and have __ freedom to choose between a job and home life, ___ a mixture of the two. In fact women have the right ___ to equal pay but also to equal chances.

M: Good morning, Miss, what do you need today?
W: Depends on _________price!
M: We’ve got some beautiful fresh fish--straight off the boat this morning! Have a look at this salmon. You won’t find a __________(fresh) piece of fish in town!
W: How _______for the kilo?
M: $34.99 for everyone else, _________I’ll give it to you for $33 a kilo. What do you say?
W: Barnacles _________(sell) salmon for $26 a kilo last week.
M: $26 a kilo? It is ___________（possible)! Barnacles never sells fresh fish anyway, just the __________(freeze) stuff. My fish is ______the best quality.
W: I’ll give you $28 a kilo. What do you say?
M: Miss, I have to feed my family too! I paid the fisherman $30 a kilo _________ that salmon. I can’t go cheaper than $31 a kilo.
W: Alright. Did I hear $30 a kilo?
M: Very cheeky(厚颜无耻的)，Miss. Just today, but don’t tell _______neighbors.

Today I received a sweet letter from Brianna, one of my “cookies”. It was wonderful to hear ___________her. You see __________ I taught kindergarten, I called all ___________ sweet children “cookies”. Brianna said that every day she would walk into kindergarten and see a smile__________ my face. I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and __________ (excite) to my life. I still feel that all children are the ____________ (great) joy I could ever have.
So far I _____________ (adopt) and taught children for over 35 years. All my children were ________ are now a great joy of my life. __________(hope), I feel much fortunate to be able to use my life’s talent to teach children and have fun___________(do) it every day. I am able to spread my wings and help my “cookies” to spread their wings.

Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how.
Plan your time carefully
When planning your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making the list, you should make a schedule of your time. First, arrange your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all the problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study
Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this place, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios or TV! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class
Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking class notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly
When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher has mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read the material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards the tests
The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. It helps you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be overly worried.
There are other methods that might help you with your study. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

for your study
Plan your time carefully	●   things that you have to do. ●Make a good of what you have to do every day. ●Remember to set aside enough time for   .
Find a good place to study	Nothing is there except your   materials.
Make good use of your time in class	●Be a good    in class. ●Take notes carefully in class.
Study	●Go over your notes when back home. ●Preview the material to be   the next day.
Develop a good attitude towards tests	Never let tests  you in your study.
To become a   student.

A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ____water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder____had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man____ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home___a happy heart.
After the student left, the teacher let___student taste the water. He spit it out, ____ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like___?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be____ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best____we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.

For years, researchers have looked into a possible relationship between heat and violence. There are conflicting results over whether there is an actual connection between rising anger and rising temperature, but the murder rate constantly increases during the months of July and August, according to the FBI's annual crime report.
Many police chiefs say they put more policemen on the streets when the heat rises. “Calls for service always increase from May, June, July to August，” said New Bedford's Captain Richard Spiriet. “The longer period of time you have the heat, the worse it is. It's just the opposite in the winter time.”
Craig Anderson, a professor and specialist in social psychology at Iowa State University, argues the evidence is clear. “As the temperature goes up, people become more uncomfortable. They become easier to get angry，” he said. “That increases the possibility that a small conflict will be interpreted as more major.” Anderson conducted a couple of studies looking at crime rates over the course of several years within the same area to see when most violent crimes occurred. He found that violent crimes were more likely to occur on hot days and hot months—even hot years had higher violent rates than cold years, according to his research.
Other researches show it is not so much the physical climate, but rather the social climate, that causes increased violence. “During the summer months, people stay up later. They talk with their neighbours. They party with their friends，” said Jack Levin, director of the Brudnick Centre on Violence and Conflict at Northeastern University. “It is more likely to be large numbers of people interacting, and they are more likely to argue.”
Perhaps the realization that there is a link will help spur people in an argument step back and say “Let's cool off.”—both literally(字面上地) and figuratively(比喻地)．

Title	Heat and violence
Theme	Violence possibly has a ________ with heat.
Facts	☆July and August witness the________ increase of murder rate. ☆More policemen are called in with the heat ________． ☆People get angry more ________ as the temperature goes up.
________ of the research	☆Fewer violent crimes occur on ________ days. ☆The ________ climate causes increased violence. ☆People usually go to________ later during the summer months. ☆It is more likely to be ________ when people chat with each other.
Conclusion	________the link will help people in an argument cool off.

It is not easy to find true friends. Even if you’ve connected with someone, how do you really know he is a true friend? And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down. There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
Generally speaking, a true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens. They will stand by you through bad and good times. They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you, and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
A true friend will keep you secrets for you trust him. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you can talk things over with, even if they may not have advice to share with you.
However, friendship is a two-way street. To find true friends and keep them, you must in turn be the same as well. Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them. Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same thing they give to you. A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort. If you are the only one making an effort, be honest and it works.
Actually, there will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship. If it can survive those barriers, it will be stronger and better than ever. Just as St Thomas Aquinas put it, “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship.”

Find a True Friend
The writer’s () on friends	●True friends()         come by nowadays. ●Those who you regarded as your friends may make you down.
Characteristics of true friendship	●A true friend will()         you whatever happens. ●A true friend will keep your secrets and be a good()        .
()______ to hold friendship	●()______ with your friends when they are in trouble. ●Be someone who your friends can()          . ●()         is the key to keep a friendship if you are the only one making efforts.
()_________	●True friendship can stand up to various()         and grow stronger and better.

My older brother and I are busy     (arrange) a trip to Africa. We will leave London on 15 July, and we’ll be flying to Morocco. We are going to travel on camels    the Sahara Desert. After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Nile. We’ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water     (actual) gets quite rough. So, we’ll go white-water rafting,     is quite dangerous, but very exciting! After white-water rafting, we’re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya.
   we’ll be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large, strong, light backpack    advance to carry my     (supply) of food and water. It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns    (scare) the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see     elephant close up. After that, we’ll be moving on to Tanzania,   we’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks and we will surely have a happy time. 

People in the United States have many ways to get news, some of which are available 24 hours a day. In a recent survey（调查）, about 15 percent of American interviewees said that they spend less than one-half to two hours per day watching, listening to, or reading the news. News comes from every source, not only from printed ways, but from TV, radio, and the Internet as well.
With the increased availability of news, serious questions have been raised about the role of the news media in society. Should the media report every detail about every story, even when the information does not seem timely or valuable? Some researchers are concerned that by focusing on everything at once, the media increasingly ignore the more important social, political and economic problems that we face. We cannot concentrate on what’s important by reading about what is not. One extreme example of this is the type of information covered by the tabloid（小报）media, which focus on negative stories of violence and crime.
How can people deal with all the news that is available to them? Some become “news resisters” and choose to turn their backs on news, resisting their desire to turn on the TV and read the paper every day. They argue that although daily news reports may provide us with many facts, they do not include the background or some information that we need to understand news events. They suggest that, instead of daily reports, we look for information that has more in-depth analysis of the news, such as monthly magazines.
What percentage of the interviewees spend less than one half to two hours per day paying attention to the news? (within 3 words)
According to the researchers, what is the disadvantage of news media? (within 6 words)
How do you describe tabloid media? (within 5 words)
Who are “news resisters”? (within 9 words)
What information does “news resisters” look for? (within 2 words)

The fast development of Internet makes it convenient for people to have access to the latest information all over the world, which broadens people’s horizons. However, sometimes the Internet is abused by some to spread rumors(谣言) on purpose, resulting in side effect on people’s life. Therefore, The Internet Society of China(ISC) released(出台) a written proposal last Monday which demanded of Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors.
Three major websites in China voiced their solutions Tuesday to fighting against online rumors in response to the warning on Monday.
Chiefs of sina.com, baidu.com and qq.com have promised the government that they will firmly cooperate with relevant departments to deal with the online spreading of rumors, saying they will improve self-management and take effective measures toward this goal.
Microblogging websites should not be a hotbed for spreading of rumors, said a chief of sina.com, which operates the country's most popular microblogging site Weibo.com. He said Sina is making efforts to control the release of contents on Weibo.com and improve its ability to find out and remove rumors posted on it.
Weibo.com and another major Chinese microblogging site qq.com stopped their comment functions from March 31 to April 3 after they were punished for allowing rumors to spread.
A chief from Baidu.com said it was calling off the information that’s not lawful or legal in its search results and it would further increase technical and manpower investment to remove disinformation.
The website qq.com is learning from the past experience and bettering the safety strategy for its microblogging service to further prevent the spreading of online rumors through microblogging sites, said an unnamed chief from qq.com.
The measure has received widespread support from users and chances are that a cleaner and safer net environment will take shape.

Introduction	ISC released a proposal, ______ of Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors.
_____ of the Internet	●Enabling people to access the latest information______ ●Broadening people’s horizons
Problems of the Internet	●Being abused by some to spread rumors ______ ●Having side effect on people’s life
Responses from websites	●Promising to _____ with relevant departments firmly ●Improving self-management and take effective measures
______ taken by major websites	◆sina.com	●Controlling the release of contents on Weibo.com ●Improving its ability to ______ and remove rumors on it
◆baidu.com	●Cancelling______ and fake information in its search results ●Further increasing technical and manpower investment to remove disinformation
◆qq.com	●Learning from the past experience ●Bettering the safety ______ for its microblogging service
Results	●The measure has received widespread support from users. ●People are ______ to enjoy a cleaner and safer net environment.

Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK --- but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list. It sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness(留意) --- time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to keep a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单
词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Does reading great literature expand our imagination and better our moral and socialsensibilities? For most people, it's just wishful thinking because there's no evidence that people
are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy or other great books.
But just hold on a second there. Actually, there is such evidence, says US writer Annie
Murphy Paul. She argues in Time magazine that "deep reading", as opposed to browsing webpages, makes us nicer and smarter.
Her evidence includes several studies carried out by some psychologists.
One is based in Canada. Two psychologists found that individuals who often read fictionappear to be better able to understand other people, sympathize with them and view the worldfrom their perspective.
But this improvement is only possible if we do deep reading, which isn't just about
understanding the meaning of each word, Paul explains. Deep reading is "slow, devoted, rich insensory detail and emotional and moral complexity". Through processing details, comparisons, and other literary devices, the reader's brain creates a mental representation as if the scene wereunfolding in real life. “It's said that reading a good book is like falling in love with the writer. Paul cites another
study by psychologist Victor Nell from a university in South Africa, who found that whenreaders are enjoying the experience most, the pace of their reading slows.
The combination of fast, fluent understanding of words and slow, unhurried progress on thepage gives deep readers time to enrich their reading with their own thoughts, analysis, memoriesand opinions. It's as if reader and writer were engaged in a deep and real conversation, likepeople falling in love. None of this is possible when we browse web pages. We will eventually lose the ability toappreciate our literary heritage because novels, poems and other kinds of literature can beunderstood only by readers whose brains are trained to read them. And even some educators just
meet young people where they are by adapting education to their onscreen habits.
With the electronic devices spreading universally, Paul warns, deep reading has become anendangered practice. We should care about how we read as much as what we read. So pick up abook, sit back, and let a spiritual journey begin that will take you places only deep reading can.

The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop
Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fox, who is______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine ______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, _____ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by _____. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far ______ (appropriate)
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, ______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.
Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution______these villages without a local shop.

My Stay in New York
After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, ______I might have a better chance to find a good job. ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.
Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.