高中英语任务型阅读试题

When students arrive on campus with their parents, both parties often assume that the college will function in loco parentis（处在父母位置），watching over its young charges, providing assistance when needed. Colleges and universities present themselves as supportive learning communities-as extended families, in a way. And indeed, for many students they become a home away from home. Ideally, the college nurtures（养育）its students, guiding them toward adulthood.  Lifelong friendships are formed, teachers become guides, and the academic experience is enriched by social interaction. For some students, however, the picture is less beautiful. For a significant number, the challenges can become overwhelming（压力过大）．
In reality, administrators at American colleges and universities are often forced to focus as much on the new generation of students．Public institutions in particular are often faced with tough choices about which student support services to fund. Private colleges are feeling the pinch（棘手）as well．Although tuition and fees can increase as much as 6.6 percent in a single year, as they did in 2007, the high cost of doing business at public and private institutions means that students are not necessarily receiving more support in return for increased tuition and fees. To compound the problem, students may be reluctant to seek help even when they desperately need it.  Just as colleges are sometimes ill equipped to respond to the challenges being posed by today's students, students themselves are sometimes ill equipped to respond to the challenges posed by college life. Although they arrive on campus with high expectations, some students struggle with shyness or perfectionism, learning disabilities or eating disorders·Still others experience failed relationships; some suffer from acute loneliness, or mental illness.
Unfortunately, higher education is sometimes more of an information delivery system than a responsive, collaborative（合作的）process. We have created cities of youth in which students can pass through unnoticed, their voices rarely heard, and their faces rarely seen. As class size grows in response to budget cuts, it becomes even less likely that troubled students, or even severely disturbed, will be noticed. When they are not, the results can be tragic.
As a teacher of creative writing who has worked with many overwhelmed students, I have found that there are ways to communicate more effectively. Most students have stories they want to share, and students in trouble can be desperate to find someone who will listen to them. Parents, as their children's primary listeners, have a key role to play. Some young people are unable to find their own way out of the dark, and a meaningful dialogue can become a light for them to see by. That is not to say that writing can be used to identify mental illness; rather, I think some of the approaches writing teachers use to enter into a reflective dialogue with students can be adopted by parents and students who want to learn more about each other. Having witnessed what can happen when a student communicates with himself, I believe this kind of responsive, one-on-one communication is more important than ever. Students in creative writing classes may have no idea that they have revealed so much about themselves because, for them, writing is like speaking inside the pages of a journal. In fact, all of us who write reveal more than we imagine. This is one of the reasons why writing, even more than speaking, can provide us with important insights into ourselves and others.
Many of us don't know our students as well as we should, yet it can be easier than we imagine to begin these necessary dialogues.

Observational Learning: To See Is to Know
A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behaviors of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behaviors in their families and cultures: By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors.
The people from whom you learn new behaviors through observing function as models, presenting a behavior to be imitated. With modeling, you observe others’ behaviors, and then none, some, or all of these behaviors may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura’s classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn’t see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it) and being aggressive with the other toys in the room.
Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behaviors are appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.
Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behaviors and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behaviors. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.

Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
Aids today
Aids, the short form for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is caused by a virus called HIV, which enters a person’s blood and attacks the body’s immune (免疫的) system. There is no cure for HIV or Aids, and after a person has been infected, he or she will always carry the virus. Sometimes, infected people have no outward symptoms.
HIV and Aids are spreading across the world at a frightening rate, with about 14,000 people being infected daily. The virus is spread in three ways -- through unprotected sex, blood-blood contact and mother-to-child transmission. Unprotected sex is the most common way that the virus is spread, accounting for 75 percent of adult infections worldwide.
Although many people are familiar with Aids and how it is transmitted, more than a few people hold the view that HIV and Aids are an African problem because the infection rates there are very high. However, HIV and Aids are a problem all over the world. Since the disease was discovered in the 1980s, it has become a serious problem in many places, infecting over 60 million people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization estimates from 2005, more than 4 million children had died from Aids, and more than 14 million children had lost their parents to Aids. All of this makes it clear that something must be done to stop this deadly disease.
The government is working hard to control the Aids epidemic and has opened labs to test and monitor the disease. In 2003, the government also started providing free drugs for Aids patients in need.
The United Nations has been very involved in fighting HIV and Aids around the world for many years now. UNAIDS, an organization founded in 1996, helps prevent the spread of Aids. The work includes providing infected people with help from doctors and testing for people. The organization also offers programs that teach Aids prevention to young people and sets up treatment centers.

Facebook is one of the most popular websites that offer social networking today with more than l billion users around the world. Online social networking is just like-minded people coming together for some activities, forming groups, having discussions, sharing photographs, etc. Similarly, Facebook enables all these activities by various applications(运用程序) , for example, providing forums, photo sharing options. video updating, keeping a track on all the happenings in their formed communities, people they have approved to be linked to, etc. Online gaming is one of the biggest USPs(独特的卖点) of Facebook, and indeed, games like Farmville and Mafia Wars have attracted many users to the site. Facebook also offered a brilliant platform for business to reach out to their customers.
In the beginning, Facebook was just meant for Harvard University students to find and contact fellow students. It was meant to serve the purpose of keeping track of who was new to college to get in touch with each other for project purposes.  It was an online directory(目录) , and was founded in 2004 0n the Harvard University campus. However, as soon as it was launched, almost two thirds of the total number of students registered themselves on Facebook. Mark Elliot Zuckerberg, along with Chris Hughes, Dustin Moskovitz. and Eduardo Saverin. helped in the launch of the site. To pursue this, Mark dropped out of Harvard and got into making Facebook a worldwide accessible site, and then to its current stand of being the top social networking site in the world.
Today, Facebook rules the social networking world, with one person in fourteen using it. It is also the second most popular site in the US, and is worth billions of dollars. And it has been a success story for the four co-founders, making them all accidental billionaires.
Title :  Facebook-the most popular social networking site in the world
I . Definition :
*One popular website    
Ⅱ.   :
* Enabling people to gather for      0n it
*  
* Offering a brilliant platform for businesses to reach out to their customers
Ⅲ   Birth :
* Time: in 2004
* Place:    
lV.      :
* To help students contact each other
V.      :
* Mark Elliot Zuckerberg, along with Chris Hughes, Dustin Moskovitz, and Eduardo Saverin
VI. Popularity:
* As an          : having almost two thirds of the students on it
* As the top social networking site :
ruling  the social networking ;
having over        in the world;
being       billions of dollars

Ideally speaking, criticism(批评) is the act of making comments on someone or something with the purpose of improving products or service. However in daily life, you will meet some people criticizing with the negative purposes,
What should you do when you are being criticized? Actually, you should take it positively. It is possible that the person who criticizes you has rightly drawn your attention to something which needs improving. If this is the case, be thankful to the person because he is helping you to know where to improve.
However, there is also a chance that the criticism is being done just to make you sad. So if necessary, ask one of your friends or workmates what he thinks of this criticism. If the criticism is really meant to hurt you, pay no attention to it and don’t allow it to disturb your peace of mind.
When you are criticizing someone or something, always remember that negative criticism causes negative energy, so try to criticize in a positive manner. Do not become the “full stop” for someone’s creativity
Whenever you are about to criticize, ask yourself whether your purpose is to help the person or if you are just going to spread negativity which will damage someone’s creative skills.
If you really want to criticize someone, do it in an encouraging way. Try to give your comments in this way so that he can put your suggestions into corrective(改正的) actions. What’s more, you should remember the fact that complaining is taking criticism to the next level which is even more damaging and dangerous. So try to remain inside the limits of criticism instead of complaining.
Title: On criticism
I. _____________
Generally, criticism means ________ on somebody or something to improve products or service. However, not all people criticize with positive purposes.
II. How to _________criticism against you
● Thank someone who criticizes you positively because he helps you know _________
● Ask for ________ from friends or workmates to know the purpose of criticism
●________ negative criticism and protect your peace of mind
III. What to do when you want to criticize
● Try to criticize positively in order not to damage _________
● Ensure that your criticism is __________ to the person
● Criticize someone in an encouraging way to get him to act _________accordint to your suggestions
● Just criticize and don’t __________

Coffee has become a popular drink in our culture. Most people have a coffee maker at home for guests who come to visit. It naturally contains caffeine (咖啡因), which people in today’s society have somewhat come to rely on (依靠) to provide them with energy.
In the workplace many people start their day with a cup of coffee, and then continue to drink it until it’s time to go home. Many meetings also begin with a cup of coffee --- which is why so many workplaces now have a steady flow of office coffee.
Coffee is unsurprisingly one of the most traded agricultural products in the world, supporting the economy in many countries. Coffee is made from the roasted(烤，烘，焙) seeds of coffee cherries, which grow on trees in over 70 countries. The seeds are roasted to different degrees depending on the flavors wanted, and then are brewed (泡，煮) to create the coffee drink. Coffee is usually sold already roasted, so that all you have to do is add hot water.
Coffee is labeled according to its appearance --- light, medium light, medium, medium dark, dark, or very dark.
People argue a lot about whether the effect of drinking coffee is positive or negative. Some people think that drinking too much coffee is bad for our health. But you can buy decaffeinated (脱去咖啡因的) coffee, which has a lot less caffeine. Most people, however, would not care  about the negative effects of drinking coffee.

Title: Coffee --- A Modern Trend
The reason for coffee’s popularity	containing caffeine which makes people ______
The places where people drink coffee	●providing coffee for __________ at home ●drinking coffee _____________
The coffee-making ___________	●made from seeds on coffee trees ●roasted to create coffee drinks ●mixed with ________ before it is drunk
The category of coffee	●classified based on its __________
People’s attitude towards the _________ of coffee	●arguing as to whether drinking coffee is ________ ●worrying about the risk of drinking __________ ●______ the side effect of drinking coffee

English is currently one of the most widely spoken and written languages worldwide, with some 380 million native speakers, who live in the UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other countries. It is spoken as an official language or second language in countries such as India and Nigeria. In these countries, English is the language of the government, newspapers, radios and TV stations. Besides, it is one of the working languages of the UN as well.
And there are some other facts about English you might be interested in knowing.
Over 700 million people, speak English, as a foreign language.
Did you know that of all the world's languages (over 2,700), English is the richest in vocabulary; and that the Oxford English Dictionary lists about 500,000 words,
Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) broadcast in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world.
It is said that over 90 percent of Internet web pages and over 80 per cent of the world’s emails are in English.
As a foreign language, it is learnt in almost all non- English speaking countries. In China, for example, it is not just students who learn English, but also many adults.
Although there are some differences between the English spoken in different countries, people from these countries usually have no problems communicating with each other.

English is one of the most widely        languages.
Facts	Detailed information
English-speaking countries	The UK, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa…
Official or working language	India, Nigeria and
Widespread use	On the radio, on the web page, and in
	With 500,000 words in Oxford English Dictionary
Conclusion	Despite the        that exist, people have no difficulty in communicating.

阅读下面的短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词
The business world has become very competitive these days and every company is trying its best to increase its market share. However, only those people who can effectively reach out to their customers can win in this race. Advertising is one of the best tools to reach millions of people and explain to them the quality and feature of your product. Though internet advertising, television advertising and radio advertising have appeared as the most popular forms of advertising in this modern age, you cannot ignore the importance of newspaper advertising.
Choosing the most popular newspaper is one of the most important newspaper advertising tips for all businessmen. While placing an ad, you must realize how popular the newspaper is. The more the readers are, the more the customers you will get. Though popular newspapers would be more expensive, it is advisable to go with them to expect a good response from people.
The wording of the advertisement is very important because that will attract people to the products of your company. The wording should be simple, easy to understand and grammatically correct.
The overall appearance of the advertisement should also be good and attractive. Your ad can be a little bigger in size. A colored ad with the content written in a stylish manner can get more attention.
Positioning your advertisement at the right place is very important. Generally, it is believed that the ads on the first few pages and those at the top of the newspaper would get more attention. There are many columns in newspapers under which the ads are printed, so your ad should be placed in the right section.
The above newspaper advertising tips will help you grow your business greatly. So use them for your own benefit and achieve your goals successfully.
Title ：Newspaper advertising

Reason for advertising	With more and more       in the business world, many companies are making use of advertising to reach out to many customers and increase their market share.
Different advertising	Internet advertising , television advertising, radio advertising and newspaper advertising are all very
Newspaper advertising tips	Popularity	Be ______of how popular the newspaper is. Though popular newspapers would be higher in     ,going with them will ensure a good response from people.
Wording	The wording of the advertisement will make your products      to people. The wording should be simple, easy to understand and correct in     .
	You can have a slightly bigger and      ad with the content written in a stylish manner.
Positioning	The ads on the first few pages and those at the       of the newspaper would get more customer attention and you should place your ad in the right section.

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Kids and Ponds

Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.
One day. a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development A group of citizens met and decided to support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board (委员会)，the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly. But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds，his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children. A few days later，the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board. This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development. Finally some condominiums were built, but less than half the number the developer wanted. The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land，and are still there today.

1．	What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter? (No more than 6 words)

2．	How did the boy win the citizens' support? (No more than 10 words)

3．	What did the boy tell the town officials? (No more than 16 words)

4．	What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later? (No more than 12 words)

Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分)• Perhaps you're planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don't spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today . However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert , the majority is over the age of fifty.
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine . Many young people listen to classical music without realising .It is often used in films and advertisements. For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup . Not many people could have given its name , but millions enjoyed it .
Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.
A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces  for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!

Title	Classical Music
Introduction	The issue of whether classical music is        to young people causes heated debate.
Opinions	Evidence
★ Classical music is associated only with old peonl.	☆     of the audience at a classical concert are over fifty.
★ Many young people don’t      some music they listen to is classical.	☆ Classical music is often found in films and advertisements.
★ Classical ideas provide a     for producing new music.	☆ Young people now      rap in popular music.
★     has put classical music at a disadvantage.	☆ A young man can write and make music on a computer       in his bedroom.
★ “Classical music”can refer to various       of music.	☆ Classical music       from jazz to pieces for large orchestras.
Conclusion	Classical music may still be       by young people today.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Does reading great literature expand our imagination and better our moral and social sensibilities? For most people, it’s just wishful thinking because there’s no evidence that people are morally or socially better for reading Tolstoy or other great books.
But just hold on a second there. Actually, there is such evidence, says US writer Annie Murphy Paul. She argues in Time magazine that “deep reading”, as opposed to browsing web pages, makes us nicer and smarter.
Her evidence includes several studies carried out by some psychologists.
One is based in Canada. Two psychologists found that individuals who often read fiction appear to be better able to understand other people, sympathize with them and view the world from their perspective.
But this improvement is only possible if we do deep reading, which isn’t just about understanding the meaning of each word, Paul explains. Deep reading is “slow, devoted, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity”. Through processing details, comparisons, and other literary device, the reader’s brain creates a mental representation as if the scene were unfolding in real life.
It’s said that reading a good book is like falling in love with the writer. Paul cites another study by psychologist Victor Nell from a university in South Africa, who found that when readers are enjoying the experience most, the pace of their reading slows.
The combination of fast, fluent understanding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the page gives deep readers tie to enrich their reading with their own thoughts, analysis, memories and opinions. It’s as if reader and writer were engaged in a deep and real conversation, like people falling in love.
None of this is possible when we browse web pages. We will eventually lose the ability to appreciate our literary heritage because novels, poems and other kinds of literature can be understood only by readers whose brains are trained to read them. And even some educators just meet young people where they are by adapting education to their onscreen habits.
With the electronic devices spreading universally, Paul warms, deep reading has become an endangered practice. We should care about how we read as much as what we read. So pick up a book, sit back, and let a spiritual journey begin that will take you places only deep reading can.

________	Deep reading makes people better
Common belief	It has not been _______ that people are morally or socially better for reading literature.
Present studies	Canadian study ●Fiction readers _______ to be more considerate towards other people. ●Deep reading helps_____ a mental representation in the readers’ brain
South-African study ●Deep readers will slow down when their reading experience is most_______. ●Deep readers can _______ their reading with their own thoughts, analysis, memories and opinions.
_______	●Without _______ their brains to read literature, people are losing the ability to appreciate it. ●Some educators blindly _______ education to students’ onscreen habits.
Suggestion	We should care about the ______ we read as much as the contents.

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The World Bank, the United Nations and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine did a study to urge hand-washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease.
Doctors say, many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include pinworms(寄生虫), influenza(流感), the common cold, hepatitis(肝炎) A, meningitis(脑 膜炎) and infectious diarrhea(腹泻).
Hand-washing destroys germs from other people, animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, nose or mouth, they can infect themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people.
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste, and after cleaning a baby. The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing. And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick. The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water. They say you do not have to use special antibacterial  soap. Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds.  The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗) the hands with water and dry them.
Title:      

	Hand-washing could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases.
Many can be prevented.	Pinworms, influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea.
to   do hand-washing	●Before and after preparing      . ●Before eating and after using the   . ●After cleaning a baby. ●After handling money and after sneezing or    coughing. ●When there is a         in your home.
to   do hand-washing	●Rubbing them together while using       and warm water. ●Rubbing all areas of the hands for about 10-15 seconds and rinsing the hands with water and dry them.
How hand-washing works	Hand-washing     up  germs  from  other  people,  animals  or  objects  a person has touched.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，注意：每空格1个单词。
People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow nap（小睡）offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study add to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to from strong memories.
An average night’s rest includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night – and therefore adequate REM sleep—may be damaging their mind’s ability to memorize. Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn’t improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.       
It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed from one part of the brain to others.

Title	REM sleep        to memory
The result of the study	Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain’s ability to     memories
The      of the study	◆      were required to think of another word associated with all three words. ◆The same task was given to participants          a day. ◆The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no         . ◆The REM sleep group        well by an average of almost 40 per cent.
Dr Sara Mednick’s	Connections between previously unassociated information in the brain are         during REM sleep.
Conclusion	Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the         information.

How do you find happiness every single day? How do you get more out of life and live life to the fullest? There are three easy ways to help you to enjoy your daily life.
One way to find happiness within you is to show your appreciation(感激) to others. Showing appreciation not only gives happiness to others, but also we can receive happiness in return by writing a letter of appreciation and for the response we get. Take two post-it notes and write one post-it of appreciation for your classmate or your friend and the other for your parents and you will gain the happiness you feel within and the joy you receive in return. It doesn’t cost any money; it’s simple and very rewarding(值得的).
Often maybe you are strict with yourself by telling yourself you could have done things better. Have a look at your life and think about where you are and what you have achieved today. Often you maybe forget the achievements during the journey of your life and you need to be reminded (提醒). Take 5 minutes right now to write down what you have achieved in life and what you are proud of. Go over the list and tell yourself what a wonderful person you are and what a great job you have done.
Have you ever kept a diary? Sometimes writing things down will give you a clear thinking and allows you to let go of things. When you write in a diary, you have the ability to express yourself as you truly would like to be. Writing is a part of inner peace, which is a road towards happiness. Take 5 minutes every day to write your ideas and thoughts in your diary. By doing so, you will find inner peace and a sense of happiness.
Each of the above three easy steps takes only 15 minutes. Not only can it produce happiness for you, but also it will help others be in good feeling the whole day. Why not have a try right now?

Title:  to find happiness
Showing appreciation to others	●Write  to give happiness to others and receive happiness in    . ●Send two post-it notes to your classmate or friend, and parents. ●Feel  after you show your appreciation.
Appreciating yourself	●Write down your    and what you are proud of. ●Keep the      as a reminder that you are a wonderful person and have done a great job.
Having a conversation with	●Writing will make you think      . ●You will find a feeling of being      and happy by writing in your diary.
Conclusion(结论)	Do as any of the       steps mentioned above tells you to do, and you will find more happiness and bring happiness to others.