初中英语说明文试题

What will the future world be like？ Many people are glad to give their （1）　　．Here are two imaginations about the world of （2）　　． When people talk about the future， we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car． We would fly at 480kilometres per hour， avoiding traffic lights，（3）　　roads and speeding tickets．（4）　　，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars． One big problem is： what will happen if the flying cars （5）　　？ Then there will be problems with traffic control． Also， if（6）　　become popular， there will surely be too much air traffic．（7）　　it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground!．Imagine you have your own Ironman （8）　　． Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton"． This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement． It will（9）　　the wearer to lift heavy objects， walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is（10）　　in many ways， especially for people with disabilities． This suit might help people to walk again after（11）　　or injury（受伤）．But the disadvantage at the moment is the（12）　　． Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds． Another problem is battery life． A suit like this needs a lot of（13）　　and batteries only last about 15minutes at the moment． One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer． You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲） suit could（14）　　the wrong way． car above our heads，

    So in the future，（15）　　we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible．

（1）A． suggestions	B． instructions	C． opinions	D． reasons
（2）A． past	B． yesterday	C． present	D． tomorrow
（3）A． empty	B． wide	C． busy	D． dirty
（4）A． Moreover	B． Instead	C． In fact	D． However
（5）A． put down	B． break down	C． write down	D． calm down
（6）A． they	B． you	C． we	D．I
（7）A． And	B． But	C． So	D． or
（8）A． gloves	B． suit	C． helmet	D． shoes
（9）A． ask	B． wish	C． invite	D． allow
（10）A． beautiful	B． peaceful	C． colorful	D． useful
（11）A． disease	B． holiday	C． work	D．party
（12）A． quality	B． price	C． need	D． number
（13）A． chances	B． power	C． rest	D． experience
（14）A． hurt	B． attract	C． protect	D． attack
（15）A． whether	B． unless	C． although	D． until

We live in a forest in Zambia（赞比亚）．There aren't any neighbor（46） 　 　nearby．And this community school is about an hour's drive from our home．It（47） 　 　169 students from Grade 1 to Grade 7．There are four teachers in the school．They are volunteers and they teach students（48） 　 　getting any money．But sometimes students will give（49） 　 　teachers some chicken and corn．There are over 70 languages in Zambia．Englishis the most popular and（50） 　 　of the students can speak English．

There is no running water in the school and the water pump（水泵） is broken．Teachers and students can't（51） 　　it for two months．So they have to（52） 　　their water from a nearby river．During school holidays，it always rains（53） 　　and the grass grows taller and taller．When school opens again，students will（54） 　　the grass and the school ground．

Most children in Zambia go to the community schools（55） 　　other schools are too far for them to go．They like their schools and they love their teachers．

46．A．restaurants	B．classrooms	C．schools	D．libraries
47．A．serves for	B．serves	C．works	D．works with
48．A．of	B．with	C．for	D．without
49．A．their	B．his	C．her	D．your
50．A．best	B．more	C．many	D．most
51．A．dig	B．use	C．fill	D．solve
52．A．send	B．touch	C．get	D．borrow
53．A．heavily	B．loudly	C．quietly	D．comfortably
54．A．raise	B．cut	C．clean	D．choose
55．A．if	B．because	C．unless	D．so

If you are going to have a baby brother or sister， you'll want to know some baby facts．

It can be a lot of（24）　　to have a new baby in the house， but it can be tiring， too， Babies need so much（25）　　 that your mom and dad will be busy making sure the baby gets the

rest， food， clean diapers（尿布）and so on． But this does not mean they love you any（26）　　they just love the baby， too!

What can you do at home with the baby？ If you are old enough， you may be able to hold or feed the baby． Your mom and dad will（27）　　you the right way to care for your brother or sister． You can also help in many（28）　　ways， like folding clothes， answering the phone， or getting your mother a cup of tea． That is helpful， especially（29）　　she is busy and tired． And if the baby cries， you can try to cheer him or her up．When a new baby（30）　　the family， you will surely see some changes． Luckily， many of them are good ones． Before you know it， that little thing will sit up， craw （爬） ， run， and（31）　　play hide﹣and﹣seek （捉送藏） with you． In other words， this baby just might grow up to be a lifetime friend！

24． A． use	B． fun	C． work	D． trouble
25． A． food	B． love	C．care	D．water
26． A． more	B． less	C． better	D． longer
27． A． ask	B．get	C． give	D． show
28． A． good	B． clever	C． other	D． useful
29． A． when	B． before	C． after	D． until
30．A．sees	B． likes	C． joins	D． visits
31． A． even	B．ever	C． still	D． never

They weigh almost nothing.Yet they are（1） 　 　than steel.In fact，some spiders' webs are among the world's strongest materials， （2） 　 　they can be pulled longer than elastic（橡皮筋）.They can also be any （3） 　 　.Spider webs are amazing.

A spider has hundreds of small openings in its body.Silk comes out of these openings as a liquid（液体），and，as it reaches the air，it becomes tread﹣like.These （4） 　 　threads（线）come together to form a single thread.

The spider can make many different kinds of thread.The tread can be thick or thin，wet or dry，or sticky.Each kind has a different （5） 　 　.Some webs create an egg box.Others（6） 　 　hiding places.The most common purpose of a spider web，however，is to catch food.

There are many（7） 　 　the spider uses its web to catch food.For example some spiders produce a single thread.An inset then sits on it（8） 　 　realizing what it is doing，and becomes（9） 　 　.Slowly，the spider moves towards the insect.（10） 　 　，it covers its food in silk.

Some spiders use a different kind of（11） 　 　，They make webs that cheat insects.An insect sees the web and thinks it's a flower.It then（12） 　 　the web.The spider can feel even the smallest movement of the web，and rushes at the inset（13） 　 　it can get away.

Spider webs are so （14） 　 　 that engineers have been studying them for years.They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic.However，for the moment，spiders are keeping their（15） 　 　 .Although they have made great progress in science and technology，humans till haven't been able to copy natural webs.

（1）A.stronger	B.brighter	C.heavier	D.thicker
（2）A.so	B.but	C.if	D.or
（3）A.shape	B.price	C.weight	D.temperature
（4）A.wide	B.broken	C.tiny	D.weak
（5）A.direction	B.purpose	C.size	D.name
（6）A.provide	B.choose	C.find	D.change
（7）A.problems	B.reasons	C.steps	D.ways
（8）A.by	B.for	C.without	D.in
（9）A.lost	B.stuck	C.excited	D.burnt
（10）A.Sadly	B.Clearly	C.Suddenly	D.Loudly
（11）A.help	B.material	C.power	D.trick
（12）A.lands on	B.moves towards	C.flies over	D.looks into
（13）A.when	B.before	C.until	D.unless
（14）A.soft	B.expensive	C.important	D.amazing
（15）A.habits	B.plans	C.secrets	D.records

False Bay is South Africa． It is one of the（1）　　places in the world to see a great white shark． The great white shark is known for its（2）　　﹣﹣the largest sharks can grow to six meters in length and over 2,000 kilometres in weight． Great white sharks are meat﹣eaters． They catch large（3）　　like tuna（金枪鱼），seals（海豹）and even whales，Great white sharks also（4）　　boats． Simon a British researcher， was lucky to get away safely when a shark bit into his boat． About three people are killed each year（5）　　great white sharks．

     The sharks come to hunt 60，000 seals that live in False Bay， In order to find fish， the seals have to cross the deep water of the bay﹣﹣ this is where the sharks（6）　　． Great white sharks are very good hunters．They wait below the seals and then swim（7）　　and crash into them by surprise at 40kilometers per hour， killing （8）　　with one bite．

     Will a shark attack something that（9）　　like food？

    Some researchers put a carpet in the shape of a seal（10）　　． At high speeds the sharks can't tell the difference．

   （11）　　a shark choose between a plant and a fish？

     When scientists put tuna and sea﹣plant in the water， the shark bites into（12）　　．Even though sharks eat meat， if a plant looks like an animal， the shark attacks．

   Will a shark prefer to eat a human or a fish？

    When the shark has a choice between humans and tuna， it is the（13）　　that attracts the shark's attention． Great white sharks clearly prefer fish to humans．

    These researchers show that great white sharks are（14）　　hunters which will attack anything that looks and acts like a fish． （15）　　， that means humans can also get bitten by mistake．

（1）A． good	B． well	C． better	D． best
（2）A． colour	B． size	C． speed	D． shape
（3）A． pets	B． insects	C． sea﹣animals	D． birds
（4）A． attack	B． protect	C． love	D． follow
（5）A． for	B． by	C． with	D． of
（6）A． wait	B． rest	C． sleep	D． play
（7）A． around	B． along	C． down	D． up
（8）A． us	B． you	C． it	D． them
（9）A． looks	B． sounds	C． smells	D． tastes
（10）A． on the ground	B． in the sky	C． in the water	D． in the room
（11）A． Can	B． May	C． Must	D． Should
（12）A． all	B． none	C． both	D． neither
（13）A． human	B． fish	C． sea﹣plant	D． boat
（14）A． amazing	B． strange	C． kind	D． dangerous
（15）A． Proudly	B． Unluckily	C． Finally	D． Happily

What can lead you to success？ The most important thing is what you do every day． It is very simple． Your habits will decide whether or not you are （1）　　in the future． If you have strong and healthy good habits， it doesn't matter whether you fail or not today， because you are sure to succeed in the end． Having good habits does not mean that you will succeed every time． However，if it goes long， you will （2）　　all your goals and be successful．（3）　　the other hand， if you have strong bad habits， you are sure to fail at last．

    Why are habits so important？ （4）　　you repeat the same action and the same behavior every day． A single good action will not change your life， but the same action repeated 1，000 times will have an important effect on your life．

    How can you （5）　　good habits？ There is nothing easier than developing good habits． You want to make a habit， and then you must do the action every day． If you want to develop the habit of eating （6）　　food， eat healthily every day． If you want to develop the habit of reading， read every day． The more you do an action， the easier it becomes in（7）　　end．

（1）A． success	B． succeed	C． successful	D． successfully
（2）A． achieve	B． achieved	C． achieving	D． achieves
（3）A． In	B． On	C． At	D． To
（4）A． But	B． While	C． Because	D． Since
（5）A． find	B． offer	C． realize	D． develop
（6）A． health	B． healthy	C． unhealthy	D． healthily
（7）A． the	B． an	C． a	D． /

The earliest maps were probably drawn in the Middle East．Some of these maps have

（16）　　 and they show us the people at that time thought the earth flat （平的）．As time went by，the pictures became more detailed and maps were more（17）　　 made．Later on，ancient Greeks（希腊人） used their（18）　　 of math and science to make maps．Greek maps tell us the Greeks knew the world was（19）　　．

From simple pictures，mapmaking has turned into a science．Maps are made（20）　　surveying（勘测） land．In the 1900s，people around the world started to share information to make （21）　　 maps．With the help of the photographs taken from the sky and space，maps are now more exactly made than ever．（22）　　 the world is always changing，we will always need new maps．

There are many types of maps，but almost all use（23）　　 and pictures to describe what a place is like when the map is made．A map usually tells what the pictures（24）　　．Some maps may show the whole world．A road map will help you know the（25）　　 from one place to another．Other maps may use pictures to show the temperature and population in different places．

16．A．disappeared	B．survived	C．gone	D．left
17．A．slowly	B．simply	C．correctly	D．carelessly
18．A．knowledge	B．courage	C．energy	D．challenge
19．A．long	B．small	C．square	D．round
20．A．into	B．by	C．of	D．from
21．A．cleaner	B．lighter	C．better	D．older
22．A．Though	B．So	C．Unless	D．Since
23．A．sounds	B．models	C．words	D．stories
24．A．stand for	B．go for	C．ask for	D．wait for
25．A．weather	B．distance	C．feature	D．culture

   

promise    million   it     world     break    write     fine

April 15th was a sad day for France． A fire （1） 　　out in Notre Dame （巴黎圣母院）， a centuries﹣old cathedral （大教堂） in the heart of Paris． The cathedral's spire （尖顶） and a large part of （2） 　　roof （屋顶） were broken． French President Macron has （3） 　　that the French people will rebuild the cathedral together．

Built between 1163 and 1250， Notre Dame is one of the （4） 　　examples of French Gothic architecture （哥特式建筑）． The cathedral is home to many valuable works of art and is one of the （5） 　　most famous tourist places． There are （6） 　　of people visiting it every year．

In 1831， French novelist Victor Hugo （7） 　　The Hunchback of Notre Dame （《巴黎圣母院》）． The great building plays a major role in the novel．

Good manners are important． You need（1）　　at work and at school． You（2）　　need them at meals． At a nice（3）　　， remember some important manners． First， put your napkin on your lap． Do not leave it on the table． Eat your food（4）　　． Don't make any noise． Don't put your elbows on the table． That（5）　　polite． Take（6）　　bites of food and eat slowly． Use good manners， and everyone can（7）　　the meal．

（1）A． it	B． him	C． them
（2）A． once	B． also	C． only
（3）A． meal	B． dinner	C． breakfast
（4）A． quietly	B． quickly	C． slowly
（5）A． is	B． isn't	C． may be
（6）A． big	B． full	C． small
（7）A． eat	B． have	C． enjoy

    Today， the Internet is used in every field of life． It also plays an important part in education． Let's take a look at it in detail．

    ★ School Projects

    The Internet can be the most（1）　　for completing projects in schools． As the Internet is an ocean of information， covering（2）　　all subjects known to man． Going through the information on the Internet is（3）　　faster than reading a book on the subject． Homework is also made easier（4）　　the help of the Internet． It is also one of the most important uses of computers in education．

    ★ News

    The latest news is often updated（更新）on the Internet on news sites（网站）． Students can learn the news（5）　　the Internet at school， at home， or at any other places．

    ★ Online Learning

    With the Internet， you can（6）　　short﹣term courses online， learn， and give exams． People from any part of the world can get（7）　　on different subjects．

    ★ No Age Bracket（档次）for Education

    Online courses can make people of all age groups get education of their（8）　　， according to their likes and wishes． You are， now， never too old（9）　　something new．

    With these points， we find that the Internet is so important in education．It is（10）　　for parents to make students understand what is good and what is not for them， or keep a watch on their surfing．

（1）A． common	B． dangerous	C． useful
（2）A． nearly	B． hardly	C． already
（3）A． very	B． many	C． much
（4）A． under	B． with	C． on
（5）A． across	B． through	C． without
（6）A． take up	B． put up	C． get up
（7）A． experience	B． knowledge	C． pleasure
（8）A． ages	B． safety	C． choice
（9）A． to learn	B． to make	C． to use
（10）A． silly	B． busy	C． wise

Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.

    And scientists now say that（1）　 　is one of the best way to keep fit.It can make you feel better and look better.Some say it can even make you live（2）　 　.

    All you need for naming，some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes.You don't need to buy special clothes（3）　 　you should get a good pair of sports shoes.And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your（4）　 　shoes.

    Some people find running boring，so，cycling or swimming instead once in a while.Also，you shouldn't exercise every day.It's very important to（5）　 　two or three times a week.You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate（6）　 　.Do some leg exercises every week as well，because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.

    If you're a beginner，there are lots of ways to make exercise fun.You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend.Another idea is to run in a race.This can give you a（n）（7）　 　to train and keep you interested in running.

（1）A.running	B.swimming	C.cycling
（2）A.long	B.longer	C.longest
（3）A.and	B.or	C.but
（4）A.usual	B.clean	C.different
（5）A.play	B.rest	C.work
（6）A.never	B.often	C.sometimes
（7）A.reason	B.excuse	C.method

Little Women is Louisa May Alcott's most famous novel.The novel follows the（1） 　 　of the four March sisters - Meg，Jo，Beth and Amy - and is based on the writer's own（2） 　　of growing up with her three sisters during the American Civil War （1861﹣1865）.

The main theme in the story is the importance of（3） 　　.Other themes include the need to work and self﹣improvement.

When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are（4） 　　and have to work.Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure（5） 　 　there is a war and everybody must help.Their father is in the army.In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time.They must try to（6） 　　the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful.He wants to be proud of them when he comes home.The girls decide to make an effort to（7） 　　themselves because they love and miss their father very much.

Alcott was interested in women's rights and，through the four March sisters，she explored （探索）four different（8） 　 　 of being a woman in those days.Meg leaves the family to get（9） 　　 and have a new family.Beth devotes （致力于）herself to（10） 　　 her own family.Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure.And Jo，like Alcott herself，tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time.

（1）A.rules	B.lives	C.secrets
（2）A.experiences	B.expressions	C.directions
（3）A.friendship	B.work	C.family
（4）A.poor	B.rich	C.clever
（5）A.so	B.because	C.if
（6）A.sell	B.find	C.accept
（7）A.improve	B.serve	C.imagine
（8）A.maps	B.ways	C.circles
（9）A.dressed	B.lost	C.married
（10）A.looking after	B.looking for	C.asking for

What makes us ill？It is the germs（细菌）.（1）　　are everywhere.The are very（2）　 　.You can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them（3）　　a microscope（显微镜）.There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

    Germs are always found in（4）　　water.When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see（5）　　.So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

    Germs are found not only in（6）　　.They are found（7）　 　in air and dust（灰尘）.When you（8）　　your finger，if some dust from the floor goes into the cut，some germs would go into your finger.Then you will have much pain in it.Sometimes germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.

（1）A.Germs	B.Books	C.Gardens
（2）A.big	B.small	C.long
（3）A.with	B.to	C.of
（4）A.clean	B.tidy	C.dirty
（5）A.them	B.him	C.they
（6）A.food	B.drink	C.water
（7）A.neither	B.also	C.too
（8）A.cut	B.check	C.make

A famous designer（设计师） and a university student produce a new cup called Vessyl．They have spent several years （1）　　it．The smart cup can not only tell Coca Cola from Pepsi Cola，（2）　　also tell people whether they should drink water or not．

    When people（3）　　liquid（液体） into this smart cup，a few seconds（秒） later，it can check this kind of liquid and tell them what it is．Then it gives（4）　information of the drink，such as sugar，fat and calorie．When people put the cup in their （5）　　，it can also show them the condition of their bodies．If they are （6）　　．Vessyl can tell them to drink water．

    "My partner and I want people to （7）　　 healthy．In modern society，people are usually （8）　　 busy to do exercise，or even drink enough water every day．They have much （9）　　．We produce this smart cup so that people can make a choice （10）　　．"the designer said．

（1）A．in	B．on	C．at	D．of
（2）A．and	B．though	C．nor	D．but
（3）A．pour	B．pull	C．lift	D．regard
（4）A．a few	B．a lot	C．lots of	D．many
（5）A．desks	B．hands	C．bags	D．mouths
（6）A．full	B．hungry	C．thirsty	D．awful
（7）A．carry	B．have	C．touch	D．keep
（8）A．too	B．to	C．so	D．very
（9）A．danger	B．pressure	C．power	D．laughter
（10）A．quietly	B．hardly	C．wisely	D．recently

    Everyone knows that second﹣hand smoke is as dangerous as first﹣hand

smoke． But have you （ 1）h　　 of "third﹣hand" smoke？Third﹣hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces （表面） of things around， （2）l　　 furniture or clothes． When someone smokes in a room， poisonous particles（粒子） in tobacco （烟草） smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes， even after the cigarette （香烟） has been put out． This can cause a great danger to your family， （3）e　　younger children．

     Babies have only just learned to walk． They are more likely to be harmed by third﹣hand smoke． This is（4）b　　 they are often close to surfaces of things． such as floors， walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain． When they （5）t　　 these surfaces， they get their hands polluted．

     So， it is necessary and important to say （6）n　　 to third﹣hand smoke． To achieve this， strict （ 7 ） r　　 for forbidding （禁止） smoking inside homes should be carried out． If one of your family members smokes， please make sure he smokes （8）o　　 the house． Get him a special jacket and hat， so once he （9）f　　 smoking， he will take them off before getting inside the house． Moreover， make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face， and changes his clothes before picking up the baby．

     Many times， you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child， but it doesn't mean he or she is （10）s　　"． Give up smoking， or if that is not possible， make sure that your loved ones， far away from third﹣hand smoke．