初中英语说明文试题

When I was a little child， I learned many kinds of （1） 　 　． I learned how to do chores around the house， some first aids（急救）and outdoor survival（生存）skills． There's one skill that's really （2） 　 　in everyday life basic home repair （家庭基础维修）．

Being able to take care of repairs around the house is very satisfying． It might be difficult （3） 　 　，but when you know more about your tools， it becomes easier．

For example， I had some problems with the showerhead（淋浴喷头）in my （4） 　 　a few days ago． I didn't call a repairman to replace（替换）it﹣who knows how much money the repairman would want me to （5） 　 　？ So I bought a new showerhead and replaced it（6） 　 　．

The task was so simple that it only took me several（7） 　 　．As I fixed the new showerhead on，I（8） 　 　a sense of achievement． Of course， there are lots of repairs that are more difficult． My brother， for example， has repaired the TV set in his house many times． With the help of online instructional videos， he has （9） 　 　thousands of dollars in repairman fee（费用）over the years． Skills like these not only save us money， but more importantly， make us more independent and confident．

Doing chores around your house is easier than you （10） 　 　．

（1）A． sports	B． skills	C． laws	D． rules
（2）A． awful	B． careful	C． harmful	D． useful
（3）A． at last	B． at least	C． at first	D． at all
（4）A． library	B． office	C． bedroom	D． bathroom
（5）A． pay for	B． look for	C． wait for	D． care for
（6）A． ourselves	B． himself	C． myself	D． themselves
（7）A． minutes	B． months	C． weeks	D． years
（8）A． smelt	B． felt	C． became	D． tasted
（9）A． wasted	B． spent	C． made	D． saved
（10）A． collect	B． decide	C． think	D． choose

Time capsules（胶囊）are small collections of things or information that are stored（存储）somewhere safe．They can（1） 　　by people in many years and give future people a view of life in the past．

They may have newspaper articles，popular music recordings and photos．Historians can use time capsules to （2） 　　more about people that lived in the past．

One of （3） 　　time capslules was the Detroit Century Box．On December 31，1900，the city put several photos and letters in a box．The box wasn't opened （4） 　　people took it out on December 31，2000．

The things inside the capaule （5） 　　us a look at Deroit in the past．There （6） 　　photos of people and places，as well as letters written by local people．Some of them even made（7） 　　for the future．For example，one perscn predicted that Detroit would have a population of 4 million by 2000．But （8） 　　，the population of the city was 951，000 that year，according to historydetroit．com．

Humans have （9） 　　sent time capsules into space! The US sent two capsules into space on the Voyager spacecraft （航天器）in 1977． They're called the Voyager Golden Records． They contain （包含）sounds and pictures that show human life and culture． For example， they have（10） 　　by classical musician Beethoven and pictures of plants， insects and landscapes （风景）． The Voyager spacecraft has traveled far away from our solar system （太阳系）． It is hoped that aliens might find the time capsules some day and leam about humans．

（1）A．open	B．opened	C．be opened	D．be open
（2）A．change	B．learn	C．take	D．worry
（3）A．earliest	B．the earliest	C．the early	D．the earlier
（4）A．until	B．when	C．after	D．since
（5）A．thought	B．made	C．caught	D．gave
（6）A．was	B．are	C．were	D．will be
（7）A．questions	B．inventions	C．predictions	D．suggestions
（8）A．in fact	B．at first	C．in total	D．at last
（9）A．never	B．even	C．hardly	D．seldom
（10）A．sports	B．paintings	C．rock	D．music

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world．With a （1） 　 　of more than 2，000 years， some parts of the Great Wall have disappeared．（2） 　 　， it is still a very popular place of interest．

It is the （3） 　 　wall ever built． It is about 8 meters high． The top is 8 meters wide and it （4） 　 　even wider at the bottom． It is made （5） 　 　stone and brick． People built it by （6） 　 　and it took a long time to finish．

No one knows（7） 　 　when the building of the Great Wall was started． It is believed that the wall was built to （8） 　 　parts of the country in the old days． It also made people live a（n） （9） 　 　life．

Today， many of the visitors go to see the Great Wall．（10） 　 　they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall， they can't help saying，"Wow， that's fantastic!"

（1）A． number	B． purpose	C． history	D． choice
（2）A． But	B． So	C． And	D． However
（3）A． longest	B． shortest	C． farthest	D． biggest
（4）A． needs	B． gets	C． spends	D． sounds
（5）A． from	B． into	C． by	D． of
（6）A． hand	B． accident	C． machine	D． mistake
（7）A．usually	B．normally	C．exactly	D．luckily
（8）A．provide	B．protect	C．search	D．produce
（9）A．smart	B．awful	C．terrible	D．peaceful
（10）A．Before	B．Unless	C．When	D．Though

China Post issued（发行）a set of special zodiac（生肖）stamps in honor of 2019 Chinese Lunar New Year，or the Year of the Pig． Famous Chinese （1） 　 　Han Meilin designed（设计）the set of stamps （2） 　 　is most known for his Fuwa dolls made for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing．

If you，like me，were born in the Year of the Pig，then you are （3） 　 　，thoughtful and loyal（忠诚的）．The Year of the Pig is filled with good wealth．

Now，let's（4） 　 　a closer look at this interesting animal． Pigs were first kept by man about 9，000 years ago，and are still a very common （5） 　 　animal in many parts of the world． We don't just use pigs for their meat﹣almost every part of the animal is used． The hair is used for artists brushes． The fat is used （6） 　 　floor wax（蜡），rubber（橡胶）and plastics．

Pigs have also been important in the world of entertainment． In 1995 the film Babe starred（使主演）a loveable talking pig as its main character． The film （7） 　 　an Oscar Award． In England you can even go to watch pig racing． A farmer，Rob Shepherd，has been raising money （8） 　 　charity by holding pig races on his farm． （9） 　 　seems that people don't just want to eat pigs！

Pigs also play an important role in the English language． For example，if someone says that he （10） 　 　to the sun one day，you can say "Pigs might fly！"to him． Hungry？Well then，you can say "pig out" and eat lots of food．

（1）A． musician	B． actor	C． artist	D． engineer
（2）A．which	B．who	C．whose	D．what
（3）A．stupid	B．lazy	C．shy	D．brave
（4）A．take	B．keep	C．get	D．remain
（5）A．park	B．zoo	C．farm	D．garden
（6）A．makes	B．make	C．making	D．to make
（7）A．went	B．won	C．played	D．beat
（8）A．in	B．by	C．as	D．for
（9）A．This	B．That	C．It	D．One
（10）A．will travel	B．has traveled	C．travels	D．traveled

What is the hottest English word these years？"Selfie"（自拍） may be one of them． It was even（1） 　　Word of the Year by Oxford Dictionaries in 2013． The word was（2） 　　used in an Australian online forum（论坛）in 2002． Now（3） 　　everybody knows it． Talking selfie is（4） 　　among people around the world．

Selfie is a photo that one takes of oneself． People usually take selfies（5） 　　a smart phone and send them to a social media website（网站）． Nowadays， more and more people are talking selfies．From your best friend to your（6） 　　pop star， selfies are talking over Renren and Sina Weibo．

What（7） 　　people love selfies？ Selfies can（8） 　　to remember what's going on in their personal life． There photos record the happy and sad moments． Another usual reason for taking a selfie is to share online． We hope to make friends and（9） 　　our feelings with others． Through these（10） 　　， we can know each other's holidays and feelings． If you're too shy to ask someone to take pictures of you， it'll be easier to do it by yourself．

How do you image the future？Will life in the future be better，worse or the same as now？（1） 　　do you like the future？

People think that life will probably be very different in 2050． First of all， larger planes（2） 　　， so flying will be very cheap． The cars will be powered by electricity， so they will be much cleaner and safer．Everyone will have such a car，even a robot．And space planes will take us around the world in two hours．Homes will be warm in winter and cool in summer，so they will be very comfortable，we will use the sun（3） 　　our homes．Computers will be smaller，so they will be very（4） 　　．People will do more things on the Internet．

At that time， water will become one of our most serious problems．In many places，farmers will be in great need of water to（5） 　　fruit and vegetables． By 2050， we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again． At that time， our life will become better and better．

（1）A． Which	B． What	C． Why	D． How
（2）A． produces	B． is produced	C． will be produced	D． was produced
（3）A． heats	B． to heat	C． heating	D． heated
（4）A． heavy	B． new	C． long	D． light
（5）A． grow	B． check	C． buy	D． sell

In school， when children are given tasks， some of them are too lazy to think． They（1） 　 　asking parents or teachers what to do instead of thinking by themselves． How then do you teach your children to think critically （批判性地）？

Firstly， allow your children to play（2） 　 　， which is important in raising children to think on their own as it forces them to （3） 　 　what to play with and how． It is during    （4） 　 　that children get curious enough to try something．

Secondly， ask them（5） 　 　questions．When your children ask you a question， don't be quick to give a（6） 　 　．Help them think about possible answers by asking them questions in turn：" Hmmm， that's an interesting question， and （7） 　 　do you think the answer should be？" And when they give their opinions， always（8） 　 　them．

Thirdly， don't be quick to get involved when your children make an improper（9） 　 　． Let them reflect for a while and try again by themselves． Don't say "you are （10） 　 　for doing that"． But when your children choose properly， be sure to praise them．

（1）A．take up	B． stay up	C． end up	D． give up
（2）A． carefully	B． freely	C． quietly	D． happily
（3）A． guess	B． promise	C． learn	D． decide
（4）A． play	B． trip	C． discussion	D． study
（5）A． open﹣hearted	B． happy﹣ending	C． surprise﹣ending	D． open﹣ended
（6）A． reward	B． reason	C． reply	D． report
（7）A． what	B． how	C． why	D． which
（8）A． correct	B． encourage	C． accept	D． compare
（9）A． mistake	B． choice	C． effort	D． excuse
（10）A． stupid	B． clever	C． exciting	D． impolite

The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms（节气）． The Spring Equinox which is called chunfen in Chinese usually falls（1） 　　March 20 or March 21 every year．Standing an egg upright is a（2） 　　game across the country during the Spring Equinox． People practice this tradition to celebrate the（3） 　　of spring． It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand， he will have good luck in the future． It's also a good time to fly kites． In ancient times，people did not have good medical resources （ 资源），（4） 　　they wrote their medical problems on a paper kite to ask for good health． When the kite was in the air， people would（5） 　　the line to let the paper kite fly away，which means the flying away of diseases．

（1）A． on	B． in	C． at	D． between
（2）A． strict	B． useful	C． popular	D． harmful
（3）A． coming	B． ending	C． moving	D． stopping
（4）A． or	B． so	C． though	D． because
（5）A． hold on	B． turn on	C． take off	D． cut off

In the US， lots of people have waimai， or food delivered to their home． Pizza and Chinese food are popular． The delivery （1） 　　can usually get the food to your door in half an hour．

But waimai for other things is not so quick in the US． For example， if you order toothpaste or cooking oil， it will usually（2） 　　at least one day to arrive．

Here in China． I can order nearly anything and get it（3） 　　just 30 to 45 minutes． Did I forget to buy onions and cabbages for making dinner？ No problem ﹣﹣waimai will deliver it soon． There is even waimai for things（4） 　　medicine and snacks．

Some people say this makes people lazier．I guess they're not wrong．But I really love the（5） 　　life．

（1）A． drivers	B． postmen	C． policemen	D． cleaners
（2）A． spend	B． cost	C． take	D． pay
（3）A． at	B． for	C． after	D． in
（4）A． as for	B． such as	C． rather than	D． instead of
（5）A． comfortable	B． convenient	C． careful	D． common

Do you like exercising in the sun？ How much sunlight do you get every day？ How much time do you spend in the（1） 　　？ As we all know ， enough sunlight is good for our health． It gives us strong bones （骨骼） and good eyesight． It makes us happy and sleep better． Now scientists find out that it can even make you（2） 　　．

Scientists did tests on mice． They give mice lots of sunlight． After that， the mice （3） 　_____　a special thing named glutamic acid（谷氨酸） in their bodies． Glutamic acid does many things for our body．It can improve some of our abilities such as learning and remembering things．

It is OK to enjoy some sunlight for about an hour every day． But you should be （4） 　____because it is summer now．The sun is very strong around noon．Keep yourself away from the sun around the noon，or it may （5） 　　your skin（皮肤）． It is best to enjoy sunlight in the morning or before sunset．

Why not go out and enjoy the （6） 　　with your family or your best friends？ I'm sure you can be smarter soon．

（1）A． moon	B． sun	C． night
（2）A． smarter	B． taller	C． thinner
（3）A． invent	B． find	C． produce
（4）A． careful	B． serious	C． clever
（5）A． shine	B． burn	C． dry
（6）A． time	B． air	C． sunlight

Now people can pay by scanning（扫描）their faces while shopping． Is it（1） 　　to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies？ Amazon has a new technology that scans（2） 　　．

The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand． The scanner examines things such as finger prints． It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is．

In September 2019， Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket． People can pay （3） 　　by scanning their hands under a machine． Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards， so they can pay successfully． It's quite convenient， especially for（4）___ 　　people． With this new technology， people（5） 　　take their cards with them． They just scan their hands．

（1）A． possible	B． important	C． strange
（2）A． eyes	B． faces	C． hands
（3）A． usually	B． simply	C． really
（4）A． old	B． poor	C． smart
（5）A． mustn't	B． can't	C． needn't

It was more than 80 years ago， when an army quietly passed across the Yudu River in Ganzhou ，Jiangxi． They were the Chinese Central Red Army． They decided to start a （1） 　　and hand march． It was （2） 　　known as the long March．This year is the 83 ^rdyear of the victory of the famous march．Let's learn something about it．

During the long March， the Chinese Central Red Amy passed many places． They （3） 　　from Jiangxi， passed through several provinces and finally arrived in Shaanxi． It is said that they （4） 　　about 25，000 li（ about 12，500 kilometers） during the Long March．

At school， you may have learned in books that soldiers （5） 　　many difficulties． They lived a（6） 　　life and fought against the enemies． They crossed Chishuihe for four times， （7） 　　many kinds of difficulties， In Sichuan， soldiers spent a hard time creeping（匍匐）across Luding Chain Bridge， which was （8） 　　13 iron chains（铁链）， in the middle of gun fire． They also climbed （9） 　　the snowy Jianjin Mountain，which was 4，930 meters high． They didn't have enough food to eat，so they often went （10） 　　for days． And they didn't have enough （11） 　　to stay away from the cold．Many soldiers （12） 　　． About 86，000 people took part in the march，（13） 　　only about 7， 000 were left when they arrived in Shaanxi．

Today， we can visit the places that they once passed through． This way，we may truly understand the （14） 　　of the Long March ： Never be （15） 　　of difficulties and never give up hope．

（1）A．short	B．long	C．slow	D．quick
（2）A．finally	B．gradually	C．famously	D．probably
（3）A．returned	B．studied	C．hid	D．started
（4）A．drove	B．flew	C．walked	D．rode
（5）A．looked through	B．went through	C．thought of	D．heard of
（6）A．hard	B．normal	C．boring	D．successful
（7）A．remaining	B．making	C．avoiding	D．facing
（8）A．made up of	B．made into	C．made by	D．made for
（9）A．through	B．over	C．into	D．on
（10）A．hungry	B．thirsty	C．lonely	D．angry
（11）A．energy	B．money	C．matches	D．clothes
（12）A．escaped	B．died	C．cried	D．feared
（13）A．though	B．because	C．so	D．but
（14）A．influence	B．meaning	C．spirit	D．result
（15）A．afraid	B．shy	C．tired	D．proud

通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项

Every April， there is a special day in China． It is called Qingming Festival，also called Tomb ﹣Sweeping Day． on that the day，people（1） 　　and honor （纪念） their ancestors （祖先）．

Qingming is a（n）（2） 　　Chinese festival． It has a long history． It began over 2，000 years ago．A famous poem（3） 　　the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu describes the day： "Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes， and passers﹣by（行人） with lowered spirits go．"

Tomb﹣Sweeping Day has been a public（4） 　　on the Chinese mainland（中国大陆） since 2008． On this day，（5） 　　bring flowers， food and wine to their ancestors' tombs （坟墓）． They put food like cakes and fruits in front of the tombs． After that， they（6） 　 C 　the dirt off the tombs and remember their dead family members．

（7） 　　do Chinese people do this？ That's because people think that visiting tombs is to（8） 　　respect （尊重） to their dead family members．

However， Tomb﹣Sweeping Day is not only about this． During that time， the weather is becoming （9） 　　． People are also able to garden （从事园艺）and enjoy outdoor activities． Families often （10） 　　for outings （远足） or fly kites at this time．

（1）A．remember	B．meet	C．see	D．find
（2）A． popular	B． famous	C． traditional	D． unhappy
（3）A．for	B．by	C． with	D． as
（4）A． weekend	B． weekday	C． journey	D． holiday
（5）A． classes	B． families	C． friends	D． groups
（6）A． turn	B． keep	C． sweep	D． go
（7）A． Why	B． When	C． Where	D． Who
（8）A． bring	B． show	C． make	D． take
（9）A． warmer	B． colder	C． cooler	D． shorter
（10）A． have fun	B．work hard	C． pull together	D． get together

On April 23.2019，a series of events to celebrate

the （1） 　　anniversary of the Chinese People's Liberation Army（PLA）Nay（中国人民海军）was held in Qingdao．

Destroyers（驱逐舰） sailed in the sea， submarines（潜艇） slid under the surface and fighter jets flew across the sky． It wasn't a scene from a war movie， indeed， it was a real grand naval parade．

As a large country （2） 　　more than 18，000 kilometers of coastline， China needs a strong navy． This was a hard lesson（3） 　　by history． According to Xinhua， from the 1850s until 1949．foreign forces used the sea to make about 470 invasions of China． Therefore， the PLA Navy has become a key line of the nation's defense．

As President Xi Jinping said， the oceans are of great significance as they sustain life and connect the world． "The blue planet that humans inhabit is not divided into islands by the oceans．（4） 　　is connected by the oceans to form a community with a shared future， where people of all countries share weal and woe，"said Xi during his （5） 　　at the event．

（1）A．seventy	B． seventieth	C． seventith	D．seventeen
（2）A．has	B． have	C． with	D． of
（3）A．teach	B． taught	C． learn	D． learned
（4）A．But	B． and	C．or	D． with
（5）A．speak	B． talk	C． chat	D． speech

As a police artist， Joe Brown draws pictures of suspects（嫌疑犯 ）when people tell him about the （1） 　　of each suspect． Then， the police put the pictures in newspapers and on television to help （2） 　　the suspects．

His job is interesting but not （3） 　　， because different people describe the same person differently and sometimes many people don't have good（4） 　　，especially the old． "The suspect is of medium height and young． He has long straight brown hair and big eyes， " an old woman says， Another woman says，"He's tall and thin with blonde hair． He's about thirty years old．"In the end． the real （5） 　　is a short heavy man and he has short brown hair．

（1）A． act	B． personality	C．appearance
（2）A． remember	B． find	C．describe
（3）A． easy	B． exciting	C．useful
（4）A． expressions	B．methods	C． memories
（5）A． artist	B． criminal	C． policeman