初中英语说明文阅读理解

Even if you are naturally shy, these three tricks will help you to quickly build a new social circle in any new city.
1. Take pictures
One of the great things about taking pictures at an event or a party is that it gives you an excuse to get in touch with the person later. Everybody loves seeing pictures of themselves, and it’s very easy after taking a picture to say “If you’d like I can email it to you”. This can be the seed that leads to new connections.
2. Eat alone in public
You might feel self-conscious eating by yourself but it has an important benefit: you are much easier to approach(接近) when you are alone. People may be afraid of disturbing you or being rude if you talk with someone else. Bring a book or newspaper to read. Plus, having an interesting book with you will give others an excuse tostart a conversation if they’ve read it.
3. Join a class, sports team, or club
Yoga, salsa dancing, volleyball, Toastmasters (a public speaking club), a class for work, etc. Choose a new hobby or continue an old one!
These are all great places to meet new people, primarily because you will be made to see the same people over and over again in the class. You will automatically make friends with them if you have a common interest and are made to see each other again.
How many tricks are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

________ will give you an excuse to make friends with the person.

A．Taking photos	B．Eating alone in public
C．Joining a class	D．Reading an interesting book

The writer wants to tell you ______________.

A．how to make as many friends as you can

B．how to make friends in a new city quickly

C．how to build a social circle

D．how to start a conversation with others

New York is a very large city with 8 million people. How do so many people move about the city on their way to work and school? So, we should know something about its transportation.
In New York you can travel about the city by subway, bus, taxi and car. The subway runs on the railroad lines under the city. It crosses the city at different points and goes all parts of the city. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city.
The second way to travel around the city is by public bus. It’s a slower way to travel. This is because the bus moves in road traffic which is often heavy.
You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is the most expensive way, but the taxi will take you to the very place you wish to go to. If traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons, this is the “rush hour”. This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work.
The last way to get around New York is using your own car. However（但是）, it’s not easy for you to drive, especially（尤其是）when you are driving in the “rush hour”. If there is an accident（交通事故）on the road, you will have to wait for a long time.
The best time to travel around the city is from 9am to 4 pm. This is the time after the morning “rush hour” and before the evening “rush hour”. Traffic will be less crowded because most people are already at school or at work.
This passage is mainly（主要）about _____.

A．the weather of New York

B．the transportation of New York

C．the people in New York

D．traffic accidents in New York

The fastest way to travel in New York is by _____.

A．subway

B．taxi

C．bus

D．car

The most expensive way to travel in New York is by _____.

A．subway

B．taxi

C．bus

D．car

If you travel in New York in your own car, which of the following is the best time?

A．From 8am to 10 am	B．From 3am to 10 pm
C．From 3 am to 5 pm	D．From 10 am to 3pm

Spring is an inviting season for outdoor activities. But be careful—the warm weather is also a hotbed for viruses(病毒) and disease.  
This March, the influenza(流行性感冒) A(H7N9) virus hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It was reported that by April 11 at least 35 people had been infected (被感染的) with the H7N9 virus, and nine of them had died.
The influenza A (H7N9) virus is one type of influenza A H7 viruses. Influenza A H7 viruses normally spread among birds.
This is the first time human infections with H7N9 viruses have been reported in China. Earlier reports were about H5N1 and H1N1.
All the three viruses are influenza A viruses but they are not the same. H7N9 and H5N1 are animal influenza viruses that could infect people. However, H1N1 viruses can be divided into two groups. One group can normally infect people and the other normally infects animals. Also, H1N1 can spread from human to human, but H7N9 probably can’t, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Most people infected with H7N9 looked like they had the common flu. Some people had bad pneumonia(肺炎). They suffered from a fever, a cough and shortness of breath.
But don’t be afraid – it is not easy to be infected with the virus. One of the possible reasons is close contact with sick poultry (家禽) waste. People may also be infected through breath, according to National Health and Family Planning Commission.
Here are some tips from the WHO that can protect you from being infected.
Wash your hands with soap and running water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after touching animals or animal waste.
When coughing or sneezing cover your mouth and nose with a mask(口罩)，tissue(纸巾) or a sleeve.
Get a good rest and do exercises, which will help make your body strong enough to stand up to the virus.
What’s the name of the influenza virus that hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang this March?

A．It is the H7N9 virus.	B．It is the H5N1 virus.
C．It is the H1N1 virus.	D．It is A H7 virus.

How many people had died by April 11according to the report?

A．About 35.	B．About 9.
C．About 44.	D．Nobody had died.

What’s the Chinese meaning for “stand up to” in the last paragraph?

A．起立

B．站着

C．抵抗

D．向上

Which is NOT true about protecting us from being infected by animal influenza viruses?

A．Wash our hands with soap and running water before we eat, after we use the toilet, and after touching animals or animal waste.

B．When we cough or sneeze we should cover our mouths and noses with a mask，tissue or a sleeve.

C．We should get a good rest and do exercises to make our bodies strong enough.

D．We should try to eat much and sleep much as possible as we can.

Mip
Mip, a playful robot, was developed by a Canadian toy maker named Wowwee. It stands 19 cm tall. You can control it simply with your gestures(手势) or a smart phone. Mip can run, balance and dance on two wheels. It can also bring you a bottle of water.
Android Wear
Google is developing a smart watch called Android Wear. The watch uses a touchscreen and voice control. Simply say “OK, Google” to ask what ever you want to know. For example, say “OK, Goodgle. Where’s the nearest toy store?” Your answer will tell you the answer on Google Maps.
Le Pen
Do you like listening to music while doing homework? If you do, you will like Le Pen. With a music player planted inside, Le Pen plays music while you write on paper. The music stops when you stop writing. So if you want to enjoy more of your favourite songs, keep on writing.
One wheel
In the near future you may find a new way to escape traffic: a self-balancing skateboard called Onewheel. It can go as fast as 19km an hour. On a single charge(充电), it can take you as far as 7-10km.
If you want to enjoy music while writing, you can choose________.

According to the passage, Android Wear can_________.

A．go as fast as 19km an hour

B．tell you how to get to some places

C．run, balance, dance and even serve you

D．play music while you writing on paper

In which part of a newspaper can you find in the passage?

A．Culture.	B．Literature.
C．Science.	D．History

When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over. You don’t want to work. You stay in bed, feeling terrible.
What makes you ill? They are germs. Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can’t see them with your eyes, but you can find them with a microscope（显微镜）. They are very small and there could be lots of them on or in a very small thing.
Germs are always in the dirty water. When you look at dirty water under a microscope, you will see them in it. So your parents will not let you drink dirty water.
People can also find germs in the air and dust. If you cut your finger, and if some of the dust goes into the finger, it will become big and red, and you will have much pain. Sometimes they will go into your body and you will have pain everywhere.
根据文章的内容选择最佳答案。
The write thinks that you’ll __________ when you are ill.
A. not want to work  B. not feel happy  C . A and B
You can see germs __________.
A. when you are ill
B. when you use a microscope
C. when you cut your finger
A Microscope is used for __________.
A. making very big things look much smaller
B. making very small things look much bigger
C. examining body
Which sentence is not right according to the passage?
A. There may be lots of germs on a small thing.
B. If germs go into your body, you will have pain everywhere.
C. We can see germs with our own eyes.
The writer talks about __________.
A. what makes you ill
B. how to take care of your fingers
C. how to find germs

信息归纳（共5小题，每小题1分）
张静的好朋友王颖随父母去了美国。张静给她写了一封信。请阅读后填写信息卡相关信息。
(注意：只需填写要点，不要求完整句子。)
Dear Wang Ying,
I really miss you. This term, we have a new headmaster(校长) and the school life is different. Now let me tell you something about it. Now, school begins at 8:45, half an hour later than (比……晚) before. Now I get up at 7:20 in the morning and go to school by bike at 8:00. There are three classes in the morning and in the afternoon, we have only two classes. School is over at 4:00. After that, we don’t have to do too much homework. We can do many activities in school clubs. You know, I like drawing so much, so I am in Art Club. I love the new school life.
Yours, 
Zhang Jing
Information Card

When does school begin now?	_____
How does Zhang Jing go to school?	_____
How many classes do they have in a day now?	_____
Do they have a lot of homework now?	_____
What does Zhang Jing like very much?	_____

Accident（事故） Report Form

Accident:	A car crashed into a tree. Some people were trapped in the car.
Weather conditions:	There was a heavy rain.
Date of call:	June 3,2006
Time of call:	9:30 p.m.
Name of caller:	Mrs. Green
Place:	Zhongshan Road, Nanjing
Conditions of victims（受伤者） :	Mr. Green hurt his head. Mrs. Green hurt her left leg. Their daughter felt frightened.
Action:	Policemen arrived at 9:40 p.m. and sent the victims to Gulou Hospital at 9:45 p.m.

What time did Mrs. Green call the police?

A．At 9:30 a.m.	B．At 9:30 p.m.
C．At 9:40 p.m.	D．At 9:45 p.m.

.How many victims were there in the accident?

A．One.

B．Two

C．Three

D．Four

Whose left leg was hurt?

A．Mrs. Green’s.

B．Their daughter’s.

C．Mr. Green’s

D．Their friend’s.

What was the weather like that day?

A．It was sunny.

B．It was snowy.

C．It was cloudy.

D．It was rainy.

Which of the following is TRUE?

A．The car crashed into a wall.

B．Their daughter hurt her leg and was sent to the hospital.

C．The car accident happened on Zhongshan Road in Nanjing.

D．The policemen arrived half an hour later and sent the victims to the hospital.

Is there someone you hate? Well, maybe you don’t really hate them. But you get really angry every time you think of them. If you don’t let this anger go, it can turn into bitterness(痛苦)。
Bitterness often appears when we can’t forgive someone who has hurt us or made us angry. Someone might say or do something that hurts us. But instead of controlling the anger, we keep it deep inside. Before long, a bitter feeling begins to grow. We may think we’re hurting that person by criticizing(指责) him or her often, but we’re really only hurting ourselves.
Bitterness can not only lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, but also hurt our relationship with friends and family members. No one enjoys being around an anger person for very long.
If you see bitterness in your life, here are some ways to help you to deal with it.
Accept(接受) it
Instead of trying to deny your anger, make it clear to yourself and accept it. See your anger for what it is and quickly deal with it.
Stop making excuses for it
You may feel you have a right to be angry. You may think you’re right and the other person is wrong. You may even secretly enjoy making the other person look bad. But in the end, bitterness hurts you much more than the other person. The bitterness will hold you back, and the other person will go on with his or her life.
Forgive(原谅) and forget it
You probably can’t completely put the anger out of your mind. But you can decide to forgive the other person. Forget it and move on. You’ll enjoy better health and peace of mind.
According to the passage, we might get angry when someone_________.

A．holds us back

B．forget us

C．doesn’t like us

D．does hurt us

Bitterness comes from      .

A．our health problems like hear disease

B．the anger that lives deep inside our mind

C．the person who says something that hurts us

D．our relationship with friends and family members

The underlined word “deny” in the passage means         .

A．误解

B．否认

C．疏远

D．减轻

The best way to deal with the bitterness is to___________.

A．make the person who hurts you look bad

B．hate the person who hurts us often

C．accept that we are hurting the other person

D．forgive the person who hurts us and forget it

The writer wrote this article to tell us that ______________.

A．we should enjoy someone who hurts us

B．we should pay more attention to our friends.

C．the peace of mind is more important than hurt itself

D．it’s better to let bitterness go along with the other person

Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world．Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee．They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way．So they say a cup of coffee is necessary for them in the morning．
Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains active? It is caffeine（咖啡因）．Caffeine may increase a person’s mental and physical abilities（精力和体力）．For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment  body temperature．All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous．
Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods．A little caffeine is probably not harmful．But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless．
The underlined word “augment” means ___________ ．

A．make more

B．drink

C．stop

D．make less

From this passage, we may know that drinking a cup of coffee late at night might ______ ．

A．give you a headache	B．make you fall asleep
C．keep you awake	D．may be dangerous

Caffeine is found in ___________ ．

A．tea and water

B．chocolate, meat and some other foods

C．coffee and cream

D．coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years

B．Caffeine does no harm to our body．

C．Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature．

D．Caffeine may increase human’s mental and physical abilites．

A good title for this passage is ___________ ．

A．Coffee Is Harmful	B．Coffee and Tea
C．Caffeine and Health	D．Caffeine Is Useful

This is a true story in Guyuna. One day, a child took some silver（银的）paper from a cigarette box. He rolled it into a tiny（极小的）ball and pushed it up his nose. He couldn’t get it out again. He ran crying to his mother. His mother couldn’t get the paper out, either. A week later the paper was still in his nose. His nose began to have a bad smell.
So his mother took her child to the hospital. The doctor looked up his nose. She put a tiny steel rod（钢棒）into his nose and felt the paper. She said she would have to cut his nose to get the paper out.
The child’s mother came home looking sad. She didn’t want her child to have his nose cut. He was a handsome boy and the cut would make him ugly.
Next day, the child’s mother took him to her friend Sidney. Sidney lived in a house with an old woman called May. She asked to see the child, so the child let her look up his nose. He closed his eyes.
“Yes, I can see it,” May said, “It will be out soon!”
As she spoke, she shook black pepper（胡椒粉） on the child’s nose. He gave a mightly（有力的）sneeze and the paper flew out. His mother was surprised. May told her to take the boy to the sea for a swim. She said the salt water would go up his nose and stop the bad smell.
So the child didn’t have to go to the hospital and gave his nose out.
How did the silver ball go into the boy’s nose?

A．His mother put it into his nose.

B．The boy himself pushed the ball up his nose.

C．The silver ball rolled into his nose itself.

D．The passage didn’t tell us.

. Why did the boy’s nose have a bad smell?

A．The ball stayed in his nose for too long.

B．The boy didn’t like to wash his nose.

C．His nose is cut and gave a bad smell.

D．Because he had a running nose.

. What can help to stop the bad smell?

A．Some medicine	B．Some black pepper
C．Fresh air	D．The salt water

. Who helped to take the silver ball out?

A．The boy himself	B．The doctor
C．Sidney	D．May

. What is the best title of the story?

A．Old medicine	B．Some good doctors
C．A poor boy	D．A silver ball

If you want to become a better reader, here are four important points to remember about rate or speed(速度)of reading:
First, knowing why you are reading and what you are reading to find out will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly.
Second, some things should be read slowly. Examples are directions for making or doing something; arithmetic(算术)problems, science and history books. They are full of important information. You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each idea.
Third, some things should be read rapidly. Examples are simple stories for enjoyment, news, letters from friends, items or bits of news from local or hometown paper, telling what is happening to friends and neighbors.
Fourth, in some of your readings, you must change your speed from fast to slow, and slow to fast, as you read. You’ll need to read certain pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas which should be remembered.
A tale about fairies(神话) should be read_________.

A．slowly

B．carefully

C．rapidly

D．to change one’s speed fast to slow

A book about knowledge of the nature should be read _____________.

A．either rapidly or slowly

B．rapidly

C．neither rapidly nor slowly

D．slowly

__________should be read slowly.

A．Novels	B．Letters
C．Some things full of important information	D．Newspapers and magazines

In this passage the author advises us to ____________.

A．read more books	B．be better readers
C．fit our speed to our needs	D．change our speed of reading now and then(不时地)

According to this passage, one must pay attention to _______in your reading.

A．why you are reading	B．what you are reading
C．the speed of reading	D．careful reading

I’m Bob and I’m a student of No.2 Middle School. We have many rules at our school. I think some of them are good for us, but others are not so good.
We have to wear our school uniforms. I think it’s good. If we don’t have this rule, some students will wear expensive clothes. They will think more about clothes, but not study. We can’t be late for school and we have to listen to the teacher in class. All of these rules are good for our study and I like them.
We can’t take mobile phones (手机) to school. I don’t think it’s a good idea. Sometimes our parents are busy and can’t get home on time. They need to tell us about that. If we don’t take phones, how can they tell us? Also, we can’t go to the movies on weekends. I know we should study hard, but we need to relax a little, too.
What does Bob think of his school rules?
A. He can’t stand most of the rules
B. He thinks the rules are strict.
C. He thinks some of the rules are good.
Which rule does Bob like?
A. Listen to the teacher in class.
B. Can’t eat outside.
C. Wear sports shoes to school.
Why doesn’t Bob like the rule of no mobile phone at school?
A. Because he can’t play games or listen to music on it.
B. Because his parents can’t call him when they are busy.
C. Because he can’t call his friends when he wants to see them.
Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Bob studies in No. 12 Middle School.  B. Bob has to wear sports clothes at school.
C. Bob thinks students shouldn’t spend all their time on their study.
How many rules are there in this passage?
A. Two.             B. Three.                 C. Five.

When people communicate, they need words to express themselves. People living in different countries made different kinds of words.
Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand of words. But we do not need all these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. Before you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.
Vocabulary means a lot of words. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your own vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as you can. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. You will enjoy them. When you meet a new word, find it in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your most useful book.
The number of different languages spoken is about _______.

A．150

B．15,000

C．500

D．1,500

Before you leave your school, you’ll learn _______.

A．only two thousand words	B．five hundred thousand words
C．more than one thousand words	D．three or four thousand words

To make your vocabulary bigger, you must _______.

A．get as many dictionaries as you can

B．read as many books as you can

C．buy a lot of books

D．have a very large English dictionary

You will enjoy_______.

A．the books written in easy English

B．your dictionary

C．your new words

D．finding new words in a dictionary

What is your most useful book?

A．Books written in easy English.	B．Books written in English.
C．Your dictionary.	D．Short stories.

Hi, I’m Nina, I’m a businesswoman. I take a ship from the island to the city every day. The ship leaves every 20 minutes and it takes about 35 minutes to get to the city. Then I have a short walk to my office. There’s another ship on the the other side of the island and it is faster. It takes only 15 minutes , but I have to walk a long way. So I usually take the first ship.

Hello, I’m maria and I’m a college student. I live on campus(校园). The campus is quite big, and sometimes it takes 15 minutes to get from one building to the next. When I want to go off campus to go out with my friends, I take the bus. There are big buses and minibuses. Big buses are cheaper but slower. Minibuses come frequently(频繁地) and are a little more expensive.

My name is Sarah and I’m a teacher. I take the train to school every day. The train is fast and cheap. It only takes 20 minutes from my home to school. At rush hour in the morning and in the evening, the train gets very crowded. But there are hardly ever any delays(延误), and I always arrive on time.

How long does it usually take Nina to get to the city in the first ship?

A．35 minutes.	B．25 minutes.
C．15 minutes.	D．10 minutes.

How often does the ship leave?

A．Every 15 minutes.	B．Every 5 minutes.
C．Every 20 minutes.	D．Every 10 minutes.

How long does it sometimes take Maria to get from on building to the next?

A．10 minutes.	B．15 minutes.
C．5 minutes.	D．8 minutes.

How does Sarah go to school every day?

A．By bike.	B．On foot.
C．By bus.	D．By train.

What does “rush hour” mean in Chinese?

A．高峰期

B．匆忙

C．急忙

D．赶忙

Basketball is still a young game. It's over a hundred years old. In the winter of 1891, a certain college was having some trouble with its boy students. The weather was bad and the students had to stay indoors. As they couldn't play outdoors, they were unhappy, and some even got into fights from time to time.
　　Some of the teachers, at the college asked Dr. Naismith to invent a game so that the students might have something to play with. It was not easy to invent such a game because it had to be played indoors , and the court (球场) was not very large.
　　Dr. Naismith thought for a few days and invented a kind of ball game. It was a fast, wonderful game with much moving and passing of the ball. It was played between two teams. To make a score , the ball had to be thrown into the basket ten feet(英尺) above the floor on the wall . At each end of the court there was such a basket. At first, Dr. Naismith wanted to throw the ball into a box. As he could not find boxes of the right size, he had to use fruit baskets instead. That is how the game got its name.
How long is it since basketball was invented?

A．1000 years	B．More than 100 years
C．1100 years	D．Less than 100 years

The students felt unhappy because _______.

A．they had much homework to do

B．they often got into fights

C．they couldn't play outdoors

D．they had little time to study

Who asked Dr. Naismith to invent a game?

A．Some students	B．Some teachers
C．Some students' parents	D．Some of his friends

When a student ______ , he makes a score.

A．receives the ball.

B．throws the ball to another student

C．runs quickly with the ball in his hand

D．throws the ball into the basket

Which sentence is right?

A．Dr. Naismith had to use fruit baskets to throw the ball.

B．It was easy to invent the game.

C．The students could go outdoors when the weather was bad.

D．The ball had to be thrown into the basket ten feet above the floor.