初中英语说明文试题

Do you want to be a successful person？ One of the （46） 　　of successful people is that they have good habits． The good habits help them to be successful． What are good habits？ （47） 　　can you get into good habits？ Here are some suggestions for you．

First everyone （48） 　　his advantages． You should always look for the （49） 　　points in people and learn from them．

Second， you should try to learn new （50） 　　and new things every day． Reading a newspaper or （51） 　　pages of a book every day also helps you．

Third， （52） 　　the day in the right way． When you get up in the morning， look （53） 　　yourself in the mirror and tell yourself you must keep your good habits today．

Fourth， make a plan to achieve your goal． Making a plan is the （54） 　　important step to achiever your goal． Each day you should follow the plan so that you are able to achieve your goal．

Last， no （55） 　　what good habits you decide to have， you should try to keep them． Then you can live a successful and happy…life．

46． A． reason	B． secret	C． secrets	D． decisions
47． A． How	B． Why	C． When	D． Who
48． A． are	B． is	C． have	D． has
49． A． well	B． good	C． weak	D． bad
50． A． service	B． word	C． poems	D． skills
51． A． a few	B． few	C． a little	D． little
52． A． end	B． finish	C． start	D． arrive
53． A． like	B． up	C． after	D． at
54． A． most	B． many	C． much	D． move
55． A． mistake	B． matter	C． stress	D． energy

For thousands of years, people have used plants to make medicines. They used different parts of the plants —the roots, the leaves, the flowers, and the bark (树皮). Today, doctors have rediscovered more medicinal (药用) values of some plants. Let’s look at some examples.
Foxglove is a common plant. People have used it to make the heart slow down. Recently scientists have developed another drug from it. This new drug helps prevent other heart problems.
In some areas, malaria has been a problem. Scientists have learned that the bark of a South American tree, the cinchona, can be made into a drug to prevent malaria. For a long time, the Chinese have known that a special plant, wormwood, can also fight malaria. Scientists have been working with it to develop new drugs against malaria.
In Germany, some scientists studied garlic (大蒜) for four years. They found that it helps prevent the build-up of plaque (血小板) because too much plaque is bad for health. This very common plant continues to be studied.
As we know, there are about 250,000 kinds of flowering plants in the world. Scientists have only studied little more than one percent of plants for their medicinal value. Maybe medicines for AIDS and cancer will be made from the other 99 percent.
What can foxglove be used for?

A．Studying plants.

B．Building up the plaque.

C．Treating AIDS and cancer.

D．Preventing heart problems.

What does the underlined word “malaria” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指的是)?

A．A drug.	B．A plant.
C．An illness.	D．An animal.

How many plants are mentioned in the passage?

A．3.

B．4.

C．5.

D．6

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Past and future

B．Plants and medicine

C．Health and illness

D．Scientists and doctors

Sleep is like food for the brain. Enough sleep helps the body and brain grow and develop. However, many Chinese do not sleep well, and many do not pay enough attention to sleep.
The Chinese Medical Doctor Association released the 2013 China Sleep Quality Index (指数) on March 19 to mark World Sleep Day – March 21.
According to the index, nearly a quarter of Chinese people don’t sleep well. Half said that they feel tired after getting up and 15 percent people have trouble falling asleep.
Ye Jingying, a sleep expert at Beijing Tongren Hospital, says: “If people often wake up during the night, or always feel weak and tired in the day, they should pay attention to their sleep pattern (模式).”
Many people play with their cell phones or iPads before sleeping. The report said that this is one of the main reasons for bad sleep. Other reasons include stress and bad moods.
How to sleep well? Above all, get enough sleep. Seven to nine hours of sleep every night is perfect for an adult, and eight to nine hours is best for a teenager.
Forming good sleep habits is important. The report suggested that people need to keep away from digital devices (数码产品) for at least an hour before sleep. The lights keep their brains excited for a long while. Other suggestions include: try to go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends and during holidays, and do the same relaxing things before bed each night, like listening to soft music.
From Paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true?

A．The longer you sleep, the better.

B．Many Chinese people don’t sleep well.

C．Many Chinese people don’t care about sleep.

D．Sleep is very important for our body and brain.

Which of the following means that you sleep well?

A．You feel tired after getting up.

B．You can fall asleep within 20 minutes.

C．You wake up several times during the night.

D．You often do something boring until you feel sleepy.

From the article, which of the following may NOT cause sleeping problems?

A．Reading a book late at night.

B．Having sad or angry feelings.

C．Playing with digital devices before sleeping.

D．Being under strong stress about their life or work.

Which of the following helps teenagers sleep well?

A．They should do different things before sleeping.

B．They should sleep for more than nine hours a day.

C．They should not use any digital devices during the daytime.

D．They’d better go to sleep and get up at the same time every day.

Once there was a king and his daughter． The king asked his daughter how much she loved him． She said that she loved him as much as the loved（1） 　　． Her answer made the king very happy． Salt is simple thing， （2） 　　it is very important． So the king thought his daughter cared a lot about him．

Salt has many（3） 　　． Our bodies need salt． If we don't have enough， our bodies can't work properly． We put salt on icy roads to make them（4） 　　． We also use salt to produce other products， like paper and glass． But for many years， salt's most important job was to（5） 　　food． Like other living things， most bacteria（细菌） need water to live． Salt takes in plenty of water， so most bacteria（细菌） can not live（6） 　　a salty environment． As a result， salt protects food and many other things． For much of human history， this ability has made salt（7） 　　．Every ancient culture from Egypt to China depended on salt． Even today， the hard﹣working ，useful people are（8） 　　as "the salt of the earth"．

For centuries， salt was also hard to （9） 　　． Its usefulness， together with rarity（稀有） made it very expensive． Salt could even be used like（10） 　　． In fact， the word salary （薪水） comes from the word salt．

Today， salt is used more widely and it still plays an important role in our life．

（1）A． salt	B． air	C． gold	D． sugar
（2）A． or	B． so	C． and	D． but
（3）A． forms	B． secrets	C． uses	D． skills
（4）A． wide	B． safe	C． smooth	D． thick
（5）A． protect	B． provide	C． produce	D． prepare
（6）A． in	B． outside	C． for	D． without
（7）A． hopeful	B． comfortable	C．valuable	D． successful
（8）A． saved	B． dreamed	C． invited	D． described
（9）A． sell	B． get	C． take	D． keep
（10）． money	B． medicine	C． earth	D． food

    According to several recent surveys，some people fear public speaking more than anything else．（1）　　， this fear can be overcome（克服）with two simple methods：practice and using positive（正面的）energy from the audience．Practicing for a speech is essential．（2）　　the task of writing the speech is complete， speakers must practice， practice， practice．The more times they practice the speech，the more（3）　　they are discussing the topic．Using（4）　　such as mirrors or video recordings as they practice can show speakers what they look and sound like to the audience．Video is particularly helpful as it can be（5）　　many times， with the presenters focusing（集中） on one part at a time．Another（6）　　of dealing with public speaking fears is using the audience's positive energy．Speakers need to remember that the audience wants them to（7）　　．Something as basic as a small nod or a smile from a member of the audience should give（8）　　 to the presenters behind the podium．While it is easy for nervous speakers to focus only on getting through the presentation，using the audience's（9）　　will（意愿）helps much in making a speech better．

    All in all， these two strategies are sure to help with fear of public speaking．With proper practice and audience empathy（共鸣） ，it is（10）　　 to overcome the fear of public speaking and deliver a successful speech．So there is no need to fear public speaking any more．

（1）A．Luckily	B．Suddenly	C．Sadly	D．Terribly
（2）A．Unless	B．After	C．Until	D．Before
（3）A．nervous	B．scared	C．comfortable	D．difficult
（4）A．objects	B．activities	C． signs	D．instructions
（5）A．found	B．sold	C．cleared	D．watched
（6）A．cause	B．problem	C．way	D．purpose
（7）A．surprise	B．scream	C． suppose	D．succeed
（8）A．confidence	B．challenge	C．humour	D．service
（9）A．poor	B．good	C．weak	D．free
（10）A．necessary	B．important	C． interesting	D．possible

先通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案．

We all think eating fruits means just buying fruits，cutting them and putting them into our（1）　　．It's not as easy as you think．It's important to know（2）　　 and when to eat．

    Fruit should be eaten on an empty stomach．If you eat fruit like that，it will go straight（3）　　 the stomach into the Intestines（肠道）．It will be good to your health and provide you with plenty of（4）　　 for life activities．Fruit is the most important（5）　　．

    But when you eat two pieces of bread and then some fruit，it is（6）　　 from doing so．Do you know the reason？

    You have probably heard people saying﹣every time I eat watermelon I burp（打嗝），when I eat a banana I feel like（7）　　 to the toilet．When the fruit（8）　　 with other food，it produces gas（气体）．That's why you will feel uncomfortable．Actually，we will not（9）　　 if you eat the fruit on an empty stomach．

    Eating a whole fruit is better than drinking the juice．When you（10）　　 want to drink fruit juice，drink only（11）　　 fruit juice，NOT from the bottles or cans．Don't drink juice that has been（12）　　 up．Don't eat cooked fruits because you don't get the nutrients（营养成分）at all．You only get the（13）　　．

    If you have mastered the（14）　　 way of eating fruits，you have the（15）　　 of beauty，health，energy，happiness and a long life．Dark circles under the eyes will not appear．

（1）A．tables	B．plates	C．mouths	D．boxes
（2）A．how	B．what	C．where	D．who
（3）A．past	B．between	C．among	D．through
（4）A．experience	B．energy	C．pleasure	D．spirit
（5）A．course	B．discovery	C．food	D．direction
（6）A．prevented	B．protected	C．prepared	D．practiced
（7）A．returning	B．running	C．relaxing	D．staying
（8）A．fixes	B．fills	C．mixes	D．joins
（9）A．check	B．spread	C．arrive	D．happen
（10）A．totally	B．hardly	C．clearly	D．really
（11）A．expensive	B．colorful	C．fresh	D．medium
（12）A．burned	B．heated	C．set	D．kept
（13）A．taste	B．weight	C．shape	D．sugar
（14）A．successful	B．correct	C．opposite	D．special
（15）A．request	B．secret	C．style	D．point

If you are one of those who want to know how to increase your vocabulary, there are some ways you may find useful. In fact, it is not that difficult to learn new words, but to remember them for a lifetime seems not to be so easy.
To make it easier, you can try word associations（联想）. Try to find a connection between a new word and things or people you know. For example, if your neighbour is an unselfish person who cares about the needs of other people, think about this person every time you see the word, and very soon you'll start actively using it.
Try to use the words you learn as often as possible. Perhaps you are not sure which situations they should be used in, or whether you pronounce（发音） them correctly, but practice is the best way to understand that. It is not enough to find out the meaning of a word. You should hammer (敲打) it into your mind by using it in actual conversations in everyday life.
Also, it may be helpful to know the meaning of the word roots, prefixes (前缀) and suffixes （后缀）， especially if they have a Greek or Latin origin（起源）． Even if you meet a long unfamiliar word, it will be easy to know its meaning if you know the general meaning of its parts.  For example, if you see the word "philanthropy", it won't be difficult to surmise what it means if you know that "anthropo" means "human" and "philo" means "loving". Not only can ancient Greek and Latin be helpful, but a number of modern languages as well. So, if you speak French,  Italian, Spanish or Portuguese, guess the meaning of an unfamiliar English word if it sounds like  a word from another language you know.
Which of the following old sayings can show the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Every dog has his day.

B．Practice makes perfect.

C．Every coin has two sides.

D．Where there is a will there is a way.

According to the last paragraph, what does the writer think is important?

A．Learning to use several different modern languages.

B．Learning some very difficult words in the English language.

C．Knowing the meaning of the word roots, prefixes and suffixes.

D．paying more attention to words that have a Greek or Latin origin.

The underlined word "surmise" in the last paragraph means_______.

A．guess	B．suggest
C．prove	D．remember

what's the writer's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To tell us how he or she learnt English well.

B．To explain why it is not hard to learn new words.

C．To prove that learning new words can be really fun.

D．To tell us some good ways of remembering new words.

Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.
Make rules for Internet use with your parents. For example, when you can go online, for how long and what activities you can go online.
Don’t give your password (密码) to anyone else, and never leak out the following information---your real name, home address, age, school, phone number or other personal information.
Check with your parents before giving out a credit (信用) card number.
Never send a photo of yourself to someone in e-mail unless your parents say it’s OK.
Check with your parents before going into a chat room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract different kinds of people. You and your parents must make sure it’s a right place for you.
Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parent’s permission (允许). Never meet anyone you met on line alone. Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat everyone online as strangers.
If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, leave the site. Tell a parent or teacher right away.。Treat other people as you’d like to be treated. Never use bad language.
Remember—not everything you read on the Internet is true.
If you want a true friend on the Internet , you can ____________ .
A  tell the people what your name is .     B  meet the people on line alone.
C  write an e-mail about yourself .       D  get your parent’s permission.
It’s good for children to ________ on the Internet.

A．give password to others	B．get useful knowledge and information
C．give out a credit card number	D．go into a chat room as they’d like to

The underlined phrase “leak out” in the second paragraph may mean “________.”

A．赠送

B．泄露

C．拿走

D．出示

If your parents don’t agree, never ________.

A．read anything on the Internet

B．relax in your free time

C．have a face-to face meeting with anyone you met online

D．treat other people as you’d like to be treated

This passage is mainly about “________”.

A．How to use Computers	B．Surfing on the Internet
C．Information on the Internet	D．Internet Safety Rules

Hi, my name is Wang Jun. Do you want to know about my staying in America? Well, to tell you the truth, it is really an eye-opening experience here.
In China, I had English classes five times a week since Grade Five. But I didn’t know textbook English could be so different from everyday English until I came to Hotchkiss School, Connecticut. When I first studied English, I was told to say “I’m fine.” when people say “How are you?” But in the USA, I found that people say “I’m good.” or “I’m tired.”
One day, someone greeted （问候） me with “What’s up?” It made me confused. I thought for a moment and then smiled because I didn’t know what to say.
Since then, I have learnt more and more differences between Chinese and American cultures. To my surprise, American girls spend a lot of time in the burning sun getting a tan (晒黑的肤色). In China, girls try every possible way to keep their skin white.
American students are hard-working like Chinese students. In China, schoolwork is almost everything, so we study hard and that’s it. But here, a “good” student not only gets good grades, but also does a lot for the public. That is to say, they get lots of knowledge at school and learn many life skills from social （社会的） work.
In China, Wang Jun had _______ English classes every week.

A．five

B．four

C．three

D．two

Wang Jun found that _______ when he came to Hotchkiss School in the USA.
A. it was really important to learn English well
B. English he learnt in China was helpful to him
C. American students were more hard-working than Chinese students
D. textbook English was different from everyday English
What does the underlined word “confused” mean in Chinese?

A．困惑的

B．滑稽的

C．紧张的

D．伤心的

American girls make Wang Jun feel surprised because _______.

A．they work hard at school	B．they try to keep their skin white
C．they hope to get a tan	D．they do lots of social work

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．My wonderful travel in the USA	B．After-school activities in American schools
C．What American students learn at school	D．My study experience in the USA

Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Hiroyuki’s bed will solve your problem! Here is how it works.
　　The bed is connected to an alarm clock(闹钟). First, the alarm clock rings. You have a few minutes to wake up. Next, a tape recorder in the bed plays soft music. The tape recorder in Hiroyuki’s bed plays a recording of his girlfriend. She whispered in a soft voice, “Wake up, darling, please.” After minutes later, Hiroyuki hears a recording of his boss. His boss shouts, “Wake up at once, or you’ll be late!”
If you don’t get up after the second recording, a mechanical(机械的) “foot” in the bed will kick you in the head. The bed waits a few more minutes. What! You’re still in bed! Slowly the top of the bed rises higher and higher. The foot of the bed goes lower and lower. Finally you slide(滑落) off the bed and onto the floor. You are out of bed awake!
　　Hiroyuki’s bed is not in stores. There is only one bed — the bed Hiroyuki made for a contest(比赛). Maybe someday a company will make Hiroyuki’s bed and sell it in stores. Maybe people will buy millions of beds. Then Hiroyuki will be rich. If the bed makes Hiroyuki rich, he won’t need to work, and he won’t need to get up early!
The bed is useful to the people ________.
A. who can’t sleep well      
B. who can’t get up early     
C. who go to bed late
The bed is not connected to ________.
A. an alarm clock             B. a tape recorder            C. a TV
What will finally happen to Hiroyuki if he doesn’t get up?
A. He will slide onto the floor.
B. A tape recorder will play a recording of his boss.
C. A mechanical “foot” will kick him in the head.
Which is TRUE of the following sentences?
A. Hiroyuki’s company has made many such beds.
B. Hiroyuki’s bed is the only one made for a contest.
C. Hiroyuki has made a lot of money.
The word “whisper” in the second paragraph means “________”.
A. speak loudly         
B. speak angrily         
C. speak quietly

Trees are useful to man（人类）in three very important ways. The first important way is that they provide man with food, wood and other products. Trees provide not only man with food, but also many animals with food. Without trees many animals could not live on the earth. It's not easy for man to live on the earth, either.
The second important way is that trees give us shade. On a hot summer day, people are eager(渴望)to have a rest under the shade of a tree after they have walked a long way. You can imagine how important the shade of a tree is to man and to animals.
The third important way is that trees help to prevent drought（干旱）and floods（洪水）. However, in many parts of the world, man has not realized the third important way. He has cut trees down in large numbers. In the end he finds that he has lost the best friends he had.
Trees are important to man in       ways.

A．2

B．3

C．4

D．5

Which sentence is true?

A．Trees give food to both man and animals.

B．Trees only provide animals with food.

C．Trees give food to neither man nor animals.

D．Trees only provide man with food

On a hot summer day,        .

A．people are eager to have a rest

B．people usually walk a long way

C．animals don't need shade

D．the shade of a tree is very important to man and to animals

In many parts of the world, man has not realized that trees help to          

A．give us food	B．give us shade
C．prevent drought and floods	D．give us wood

In this story the underlined word "He" means       .

A．farmer

B．man

C．worker

D．boy

New rules and behavior standards(行为规范) for middle school students came out in March. Middle schools are going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The best students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye(染) their hair. The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-loving month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! In that way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone.
Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others, not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth Ⅱ some day. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at web pages that are good for you. You can use the web for fun or homework. Can’t you find any good websites for children? Here are some: Http:// kids.eastday.com, Http://www. chinakids. net. com, http ://www. cycnet.com.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项,将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）
The new school rules will help kids by telling them ___________.

A．how they can study well	B．what they should do at school
C．what is right and what is wrong	D．how they can protect themselves

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．Take care of yourself when you are out.	B．Tell the truth, even when you are wrong.
C．Keep some animals to protect them.	D．Use the Internet, but keep away from bad things.

The main idea of the fourth paragraph is about ___________.

A．making the team stronger	B．helping each other
C．being a good friend to others	D．getting on well with others

Good websites for children can ___________.

A．be a waste of time	B．help them with their studies
C．do homework for them	D．make life easier

The passage tells us how to___________.

A．be top students	B．do more at school
C．care for others	D．use the Internet

Earthquakes may take place anywhere on the Earth's surface．（49） 　　，they are most probably to happen near mountains．

During an earthquake，the Earth's surface shakes．Houses fall，people are killed or injured，and （50） 　　whole cities are destroyed．

But we can do something to protect （51） 　　against earthquakes．Scientists have made maps （52） 　　the"earthquake belt"．In the belts，earthquakes are likely to happen．In these areas we can build （53） 　　houses to resist（抵抗）earthquake shocks．

In the future，scientists will be able to predict exactly （54） 　　earthquakes will take place．Then they can tell people to take measures．Thus lives can be saved and damage（损失）can be（55） 　　

49．A．But	B．However	C．So	D．And
50．A．sometime	B．sometimes	C．some time	D．some times
51．A．ourselves	B．themselves	C．itself	D．myself
52．A．shown	B．shows	C．showed	D．showing
53．A．large	B．small	C．special	D．empty
54．A．When and where	B．when and what	C．where and what	D．how and why
55．A．doubled	B．lessened	C．increased	D．added．

Hot movie in Esplanade Theatre

How many days does the movie be on?
A. For 8 days.     B. For 9 days.     C. For 10 days.
How long does each movie last?
A. Half an hour.   B. One hour.       C. One hour and a half.
If a family of three—Dad, Mum and son go to the theatre in the evening, they have to pay ________ dollars for the tickets.
A. 85              B. 105          C. 120
________ are not allowed to enter the theatre.
A. Latecomers      
B. Adults without children    
C. Kids below three years old
Which information can’t be found in the advertisement?
A. The name of the movie. 
B. The name of the theatre. 
C. The name of the director.

Childhood is a time of fun and games. Many people still remember when they were young, they often played games like hide-and-seek and chess. Playing teaches children how to get along with others, and it also helps to exercise the mind and body. However, children today spent most of their playing time in front of the computer, playing video games.
A recent survey found that in the US children between 8 and 12 spent at least 13 hours a week playing video games or “gaming”. Boys of this age spend even more time, almost 16 hours a week. Although some people will say that gaming is helpful, it brings many problems as well.
One big problem is that kids who spend most of their time on games might have difficulty communicating with real people. They might have trouble sharing and resolving problems because they do not practice these shills when sitting alone at a computer.
Another problem is about health. Game players usually sit for hours without doing any exercise. And they might not eat healthily. As a result, they might be out of shape.
Next, game players might have trouble with their lessons. Many of them spend more time playing games than working on their homework. In the end, _______________.
Finally, it is always possible that the gamers become addicted(成瘾). Some people play four or five hours a day or even all day. This happened to a 28-year-old Korean man. He spent about 50 hours playing an online game without sleeping or eating well. He died while gaming!
This is one example of the dangers of video gaming. It tells us that video gaming, like everything else, should not be done too much. A few hours a week should not hurt, but several hours a day just might be dangerous to your health.
Children of 8 to 12 in the US spent at least _____ hours a week playing video games.

A．13

B．16

C．28

D．50

How many problems about playing video games are mentioned in the passage?

A．Two.

B．Three

C．Four

D．Five

Which of the following is the right sentence for the blank(空白处) in Paragraph 5?

A．they might become ill	B．they might lose their friends
C．they might stop playing games	D．they might get lower grades at school

What does the writer want to tell us by writing this passage?

A．Video gaming has quite a lot of advantages.

B．Video gaming might be a dangerous thing.

C．Childhood is a time of fun and games.

D．Children should learn how to get along with others