初中英语社会文化类阅读试题

In many countries around the world，May 1 ^stis a holiday which is called Labor Day or Workers' Day．It is an interesting holiday that honors working people and their jobs．But do you know how it started？

During the late 1880s， in many parts of the world．people worked for fourteen to sixteen hours a day in factories，but made very little money．Later，in the United States and Canada，working people got together to set up unions（工会）．The union leaders asked factory bosses for shorter working time and higher salaries（工资），but many of the bosses ▲．

On May 1 ^st，1886，men and women in the United States and Canada stopped working and went onto the streets．They walked through cities and towns to forcebosses to let them work eight hours a day． In the city of Chicago，several people died in fighting with the police．Over the next few years， people in cities around the world stopped working on May 1 ^stto honor workers everywhere． By the early twentieth century， the first of May became a national holiday in many countries．

However， in the United States and Canada， May 1 ^stis not a holiday． North Americans celebrate Labor Day on the first Monday in September． Today in the United States， Labor Day is mostly about having fun． People enjoy a long weekend and often celebrate it by having picnics with friends or family． In many parts of the United States， Labor Day is also the last day of summer vacation， and students return to school the next day．

根据短文内容，选择正确答案．

（1）How long did people work a day in factories in the late 1880s？ 　　

A．	For 8﹣﹣﹣10 hours．
B．	For 10﹣﹣﹣12 hours．
C．	For 12﹣﹣﹣14 hours．
D．	For 14﹣﹣﹣16 hours．

（2）Which can be the best for ▲？ 　　

A．	refused their ideas
B．	accepted their ideas
C．	agreed with them
D．	understood them

（3）What does the underlined word " force" mean？ 　　

A．	感激
B．	迫使
C．	宣扬
D．	欣赏

（4）Which is the right order（顺序） of the following events？ 　　

①Working people began to fight for better life．

②People stopped working on May 1 ^st to honor workers．

③Working people set up unions．

A．	①②③
B．	②①③
C．	③②①
D．	③①②

（5）How do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays？ 　　

A．	By working all day．
B．	By giving gifts to working people．
C．	By having fun with friends or family．
D．	By having a big ceremony．

There are many kinds of music in the world，such as pop music，country music，rock music and so on．But have you heard of grime？It's OK to say no because it's less than 20 years since this kind of music was invented in the UK．

    Hip﹣hop and grime are both noisy．They reflect the thoughts of young people．But if you know nothing about underground music culture，it's difficult to tell the differences between them．For example，grime singers sing with strong accents（口音），giving a special feeling to their songs．

    Leshurr，known as the"Grime Queen"，said that she once tied to hide her accent，for she didn't want people to know where she was from．But one day，she realized she didn't need to change herself just to satisfy other people．There is no doubt that this is the spirit of grime：always be yourself．

    There is one more difference between hip﹣hop and grime．Hip﹣hop is mainly about being rich and famous while grime singers pay more attention to social problems like wars and illnesses．

    Nowadays，grime has begun to show people its strange beauty．Although grime is only popular with some young people，one thing is for sure：in grime，singers always stay true to themselves．

根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）、误（F）．

（1）Grime was invented in the UK more than 20 years ago．　　

（2）Both grime and hip﹣hop reflect the thoughts of young people．　　

（3）Leshurr's decision to be herself shows the spirit of grime．　　

（4）Grime singers are more interested in being rich and famous．　　

（5）In the UK，most people enjoy listening to grime very much．　　

There are many types of tea．They have their own functions．

•Green tea is the best choice for office workers

People who always work in places with air conditon may face skin problems such as easily dry skin．Among all the drinks，green tea is the best choice．Because there are important things in green tea and they are often called catechins（儿茶酚）．Moreover，drinking more green tea can prevent computer radiation．

•Winter is the season to drink black tea

Chinese medicine believes that different people should drink different tea besed on the different characteristics and tastes of each kind of tea．Black tea can warm the stomach and quicken digestion（消化）．Therefore，drinking warm black tea in the cold winter is a most suitable choice．

•Do not drink strong tea

Strong tea may make the body far too excited and can badly affectthe cardiovascular（心血管的）as well as the nervous system．For a person who has problem with these parts，to drink overly strong tea cause heart and blood pressure illness，or even make the old illness much worse．

•Do not drink too much tea when you are eating

Drinking too much tea or strong thick tea may not be good for taking in many constant elements and trace elements（常量元素和微量元素）．Also，people should not drink tea with milk or other milky food．

61．We can read this article in 　　．

A．	Fashion Time
B．	Chinese Culture
C．	Life and Health
D．	Time and Space of Sports

62．If you always work with computer，what kind of tea should you drink？ 　　

A．	Strong tea
B．	Black tea
C．	Green tea
D．	Hot tea

63．What does the underlined word"affect"mean in this passage？ 　　

A．	吸引
B．	影响
C．	改善
D．	保护

64．Too much strong tea may cause 　　．

A．	heart disease
B．	skin problems
C．	headache
D．	stomachache

65．What's the best title of the passage？ 　　

A．	How to Drink Tea
B．	The Culture of Tea
C．	The Development of Tea
D．	The Functions of Tea．

What do you think of celebrating Christmas Day in China？Christmas Day is very popular in China，especially for young people．Should Chinese people celebrate Christmas Day？60% people think that we should not take Christmas so seriously，10% think everyone should celebrate Christmas．

Some people think celebrating Christmas Day can help them understand western culture better．Some people think it is a great holiday to have a good time with their families and friends．During Christmas Day，they can meet friends，go shopping，watch movies and go to different parties．

But I have different ideas．Most of us celebrate Christmas just because we see many people around us do it．

China has its own holidays，such as the Spring Festival and Mid﹣Autumn Day，so we don't have to celebrate holidays from other countries．Some people spend a lot of money celebrating Christmas Day．People buy lots of gifts for their friends and families，but this is not the best way to show their love．

46． 　　like Christmas Day better in China？

A．	Young people
B．	Old people
C．	Children
D．	Students

47．How many people think each one should celebrate Christmas Day？ 　　．

A．	60%
B．	30%
C．	10%
D．	20%

48．The second paragraph mainly tells us 　　．

A．	why some people celebrate Christmas Day
B．	what people do on Christmas Day
C．	we can have fun on Christmas Day
D．	Christmas Day is an important festival

49．The writer thinks some people celebrale Christmas Day by 　　．

A．	having a good rest
B．	getting many gifts
C．	spending much money
D．	making more friends

50．What's the best title（标题）of the passage？ 　　．

A．	Christmas Day is popular for young people
B．	Whether we should celebrate Christmas Day
C．	We should only celebrate Chinese holidays
D．	What can we do on Christmas Day？

Family traditions are special habits or customs that your family have．For example，in the family of Bill Gates，his parents keep the tradition of reading with children．And what's the tradition in your family？

Nick，15，England

On every family member's birthday，we give him or her a surprise．Last Sunday，it was my mother's birthday．And I knew that she wanted to see a film．So I bought a ticket without telling her first．This made her really happy．

Jack，15，Cuba

Every weekend，my parents and I go to my grandparents'home．My grandparents cook many delicious foods．I meet all my cousins．We talk about interesting things at school．Sometimes，my parents also join us to play games．

Yu xin，14，China

During every summer or winter holiday，we have a family trip across the country．I'm always the one who chooses where to go．We have visited Qingdao，Xiamen and Beijing．I enjoy the trips．

（1）The family of Bill Gates keeps the tradition of 　　with children．

A．	playing
B．	reading
C．	singing
D．	traveling

（2） 　　bought a film ticket for his mother．

A．	Bill
B．	Jack
C．	Nick
D．	Yu Xin

（3）Sometimes，Jack's parents 　　when the family get together．

A．	cook food
B．	talk about interesting things
C．	meet cousins
D．	play games with the children

（4）Yu Xin has visited some places EXCEPT 　　．

A．	Xiamen
B．	Hangzhou
C．	Beijing
D．	Qingdao

（5）The three children are talking about their 　　．

A．	school life
B．	birthday parties
C．	holiday plans
D．	family traditions．

In the early days of the American West，life was difficult．People lived on farms away from other families．（71） 　　Then they saw their friends and neighbors there．On their farms everyone had lots of work to do．There were some big jobs，and one of them was to build a house．

What did families do to build houses？They asked for help．（72） 　　Women cooked together when men worked on the building．For children，it was like a holiday．There were many children whom they could play with．They enjoyed this form very much．Together these people built a house．At some other time the family with the new house would help their neighbors，too．They helped each other for the good of everyone．

A work group is really cooperative．To cooperate means"to work together"．A big job can be easy because of cooperation．Many people can work together．（73） 　　It will become a small job for many workers．

Today，there isn't much cooperation．People don't work together very often．（74） 　　How can they ask them for help？

Now，we help others only when they have emergencies（紧急情况）or accidents．We call the police for help，we talk to our neighbors，and then we become true neighbors and friends．

Why not always cooperate？Why not work with other people？You'd better not wait for emergencies or accidents．（75） 　　

根据短文内容，将下面方框内的句子还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺．（每个选项只能用一次）

A．So some people don't know their neighbors．

B．They went into town once a week or once a month．

C．If you always work with others，it can be fun，and life can become easier，too．

D．They asked their friends and neighbors，and invited them to a work group for a few days．

E．Then the job will not be difficult．

Many people say that they are working too many hours，（1） 　　They can't take care of things at home．They don't have time to relax．

（2） 　　 In France，people spend about 1，646hours a year at work．In Japan，however，people work about 2，159hours a year．That means a Japanese employee（员工）works 513more hours a year than a French one．That is more than 12weeks，or three months，of extra（额外的）work!

（3） 　　 Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money．However，many companies don't pay overtime．Their employees don't get extra pay for extra work．These people work extra hours because they think it's their duty．Some people are afraid they will lose their jobs if they don't work extra hours．

（4） 　　In France，people get five weeks of paid vacation．In Germany，they get from four to six weeks．In the United States，two weeks of vacation is the average（平均）．In one study in Great Britain，fewer than half of the workers ran out of all their vacation days．（5） 　　If that is true，there will be a lot of dull people in the world．

根据短文内空，将下面方框内的句子还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺．（每个选项只能用一次）

A．	In English，people say，"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy"
B．	Work hours are different from one country to another．
C．	Many people say that their vacations are too short．
D．	They don't have enough time with their families．
E．	Why do people work so many hours？

There are some famous buildings in the world．Everyone can recognize（认出）them with their imaginations．For example，when you see a picture of a sports stadium（体育场）that reminds you of a bird's nest，you probably know it is the Olympic stadium in Beijing．

In fact，other buildings can be recognized more easily．The shape of the building shows the objects people can see inside．In Guizhou，China，people can visit the Meitan Tea Museum，built in the shape of a big teapot．From far away，the teapot﹣shaped museum looks like some kind of huge work of art．But as one gets closer，the windows make it clear that this is a building．

People who are interested in guitars might want to visit the Guitar Museum in Tennessee，USA．The building is shaped like a guitar，inside visitors can see all kinds of guitars and learn about famous guitar players．

One of the newest funny﹣shaped museums is a pottery（陶器）museum in Korea．This museum，built in 2011，is shaped just like a traditional Korean pot．Along with seeing examples of pots and tools used for making pots in the museum，visitors can try to make their own pots there．

根据短文内容，判断下列各句正（T）、误（F）．

71、People can recognize some famous buildings with their imaginations． 　　

72、According to the colors of some buildings，we can guess what objects are inside． 　　

73、The Meitan Ten Museum looks like a huge cup with windows． 　　

74、If you are interested in guitar players，you can visit the museum in China． 　　

75、You can try to make your own pots in the pottery museum in Korea． 　　．

China is a great country with a long history，It has its own special cultures．Do you know some of them？

（1） 　　It is a special dance that has been popular for centuries in china．Over ten people work together to wave a dragon made of paper or cloth．People in many places organize this activity to celebrate the Chinese New Year．

（2） 　　It is a kind of fighting style that has developed over the centuries in China．Many people practice it to keep healthy，More and more foreigners are crazy about it．The movie called kung Fu Panda is welcome all over the world．

（3） 　　It is a singing performance，People regard it as one of the cultural treasures of China．It mixes music，drama and acrobatics（戏剧和杂技）together．Mei Lanfang is one of the greatest performers．

（4） 　　It is one of the oldest artistic traditions in China．The painters make the pictures with soft brushes，If the painter is famous，the work with his seal（印章）will be much more valuable．

（5） 　　It is perhaps the most popular board game played by millions of people in China．Two players play it on a board with 32pieces．The player who catches the enemy General can win the game．

根据上面每段话的陈述内容，从方框中选出与其匹配的名称．

A．	Chinese Chess
B．	Chinese Painting
C．	The Dragon Dance
D．	Chinese kung fu
E．	Beijing Opera．

What can make people cheer in every corner of the world？ The answer can only be soccer，the world's most﹣loved sport．

December 9 is celebrated as World Soccer Day in China． Fans show their love for this sport by having soccer games． But for many people， it's not just a simple game﹣it's a way of life，

According to FIFA（足球国际管理机构），3，570 million people enjoyed the 2018 World Cup in Russia． That's about half of the world's population! Over 240 million people in more than 200 countries play soccer today．

There are facts about the amazing game． The earliest form of soccer was from China．It was called cuju（蹴鞠）． Players had to kick a ball into a net． They couldn't use their hands， But modem soccer was invented in England． In 1863， the English Football Association was set up．It made the rules of modern soccer． Scotland（苏格兰） and England played the first official（官方的） international soccer match in 1872． The score of the match was 0﹣0． About 4.000 people enjoyed it The first soccer match shown on TV was in 1937．Soccer players run an average（平均） of 6 miles， about 10.000 meters，during every game．

（1）How do fans show their love for soccer？ 　　

A．	By making soccer rules．
B．	By having soccer games．
C．	By singing songs about soccer，
D．	By throwing the soccer into a net．

（2）Where was the earliest form of soccer from？ 　　

A．	England．
B．	Russia．
C．	China．
D．	Scotland．

（3）When was the English Football Association set up？ 　　

A．	In 1863．
B．	In 1872．
C．	In 1937．
D．	In 2018．

（4）What can you learn from the passage？ 　　

A．	Modem soccer was invented in Scotland．
B．	World Soccer Day was celebrated in Brazil．
C．	Soccer is just a simple game for many people．
D．	The history of soccer in China is longer than that in England．

（5）Which part of the newspaper may the passage be from？ 　　

A．	Business．
B．	Health．
C．	Sports．
D．	Travel．

China is a nation of etiquette（礼仪）．Chinese people are among the most　hospitable　people in the world．If foreigners visit a Chinese family，　they would be surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests．

When you visit a Chinese family，　the host usually makes tea for you．Then he will serve you snacks like biscuits or candies．　Someone in the family will also chat with you，　never letting you feel lonely．

At the same time，　other family members will prepare a meal for you．Chinese people treat their guests with a big meal．They always present more food than the guest can eat．On the table，the guests must be the first to eat．Perhaps one of the things that surprises a western guest most is that the Chinese host likes to pick food for their guests． However ，it won't happen at western tables．

The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home．As you are done eating，the host usually says，"It seems that you didn't eat much．　Please have more．Although you tell them you are full，　they still put more food in your bowl．"

Being warm and hospitablehas long been an important part of Chinese culture and tradition．As Confucius（孔子）　said thousands of years ago：" To meet friends from afar（远方）．How happy we are!"

（1）As a guest in a Chinese family, you are usually offered 　　by the host.

A．	coffee
B．	juice
C．	tea
D．	milk

（2）On a meal table in China, 　　must be the first to eat．

A．	the guests
B．	the host
C．	the oldest
D．	the youngest

（3）Why does a western visitor feel surprised when the host picks food for him？ 　　

A．	Because he thinks it's not polite．
B．	Because he thinks it's not necessary．
C．	Because he thinks it's not important．
D．	Because it won't happen in western countries．

（4）The Chinese family try their best to make the guests feel 　　．

A．	lonely
B．	at home
C．	surerised
D．	thankful

（5）What does the underlined word "hospitable" means in the passage？ 　　

A．	救死扶伤的
B．	艰苦朴素的
C．	热情好客的
D．	善良仁慈的

All around the world， people drink tea． But tea does not mean the same thing to everyone． In different countries pople have different ideas about drinking tea．

In China， for example ，tea is always served when people get together． The Chinese drink it at any time of the day at home or in tea houses． They prefer their tea withour putting any other thing in it．

Tea is also important in Japan． The Japanese have a special way of seving tca clll atea ceremony， It is very old and full of meaning． Everything must be done in a special way in the ceremony． There is even a special room for it in Japanese homes．

Another tea﹣dinking country is England． In England， the late afternoon is "tea time"．Almost everyone has a cup of tea then． The Engish usally make tea in a teapot and drink it with cream and sugar． They also eat cakes or cookies at tea time．

In the USA， people drink tea mostly for breakfast or after meals． Americans usally use tea bags to make their tea． Tea bags are faster and easier than making tea in teapois．In summer， many Americans drink cold tea， "Ice Tea" Sometimes they drink iced tea from cans （易拉罐）．

根据短文内容，选出最佳选项．

（1）Tea is popular 　　．

A．	all over the word
B．	only in the USA
C．	only in Eniglish﹣speaking coutries
D．	only in Asian counrtes

（2）The Chinese drink tea 　　．

A．	in a special ceremony
B．	with cakes or cookies
C．	when they get together
D．	from cans in tea bouses

（3）The English like to 　　．

A．	drink tea without anything in it．
B．	drink tea with cream and sugar
C．	dink tea for breakfast
D．	drink tea in a special room

（4）"Ice Tea" is popular 　　．

A．	in winter
B．	in England
C．	in late afternoons
D．	in the USA

（5）The passage is about 　　．

A．	Chinese tea
B．	the importance of tea
C．	the tea timne in England
D．	different ways of dinking tea in different counties

Many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5，000 years ago． It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink． More than 4，000 years later， Lu Yu， "the saint of tea"， mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing．The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea． It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used．

It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries．In England， tea didn't appear until around 1660， but less than 100 years later， it had become the national drink． The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century． This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world． Even though many people now know about tea culture， the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea．

（1）It is said that Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink 　　

（2）The book Cha Jing was written by Lu Yu． 　　

（3）The tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 7th and 8th centuries． 　　

（4）The tea trade from Western countries to China took place in the 19th century． 　　

（5）The Chinese are the ones who best understand the nature of tea． 　　

When it comes to helping developing countries，we often think about offering money in order that they can build schools and hospitals，buy food and medicine，or find clean water supplies．These seem to be the most important basic needs in their lives．However，it's far from enough．We have to come up with better ideas．

A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer，which he decided to invent after he visited a school in Cambodia．The laptop which Mr．Negroponte has designed is not the same as the normal one that you can buy in the shops．One difference is that it will be covered in rubber so that it is strong and won't be damaged easily．As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing countries，the computer also has a special handle in order that children can wind the computer upto give it extra power when needed．

This special laptop computer will cost less than 100 US dollars and Mr．Negroponte wants to produce as many as 15 million laptop computers in the first year．The idea is that these computers will help the children's education as they will be able to access the Internet．These computers might not benefit the people in developing countries immediately，but by improving children's education they should help people to find their own solutions to their problems in the long term．

Another idea to help children in developing countries is to recycle old mobile phones so that hey can be used again．In the UK．and probably in many other countries too，millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year．The waste crested by throwing away thee old phones is very bed for the environment， so it seems to be an excellent idea to achieve two important goals at the same time，We will reduce the waste we produce and help others．in other words ，we will be able to"kill two birds with one "and that is always a good thing．

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项．

（1）The underlined phrase "wind．up"in paragraph 2 means 　　．

A．	吹风
B．	给……上发条
C．	摇上
D．	利用空气……使……

（2）The laptop computer that Mr．Negroponte has designed 　　．

A．	will be damaged much easier than the normal one
B．	has a special handle to access the Internet
C．	is cheap and can run with extra power
D．	can be helpful to find the people's own solutions

（3）According to the passage，what benefit can we get from recycling old mobile phones？______

A．	We can reduce the waste to protect the environment．
B．	We can help children in developing countries reuse the old mobile phones．
C．	it is good for the environment and very educative for phone users．
D．	It not only reduces the waste produced by developed countries but also helps the children in developing countries．

（4）Mr． Negroponte's cheap computer is mentioned in the passage to 　　．

A．	illustrate the kindness of people in the developed countries
B．	tell us what high technology can help people
C．	show how to find business opportunities in developing countries
D．	give an example of how to help developing countries

（5）Which is the best idea the author gives us to help the developing countries？ 　　

A．	We need to help people in developing countries to help themselves，not just throw money at the problem．
B．	We should spend much money helping people in developing countries build more schools and hospitals．
C．	We should think about giving help to developing countries more often．
D．	We should help the people in developing countries by improving children's education immediately．

The People's Bank of China will come out the fifth edition（版本）of the renminbi（RMB） from August 30， 2019． These banknotes（纸币）will have brighter colors and new security features（防伪特征）．

We've been using banknotes for around 1，000 years． Back in the Northern Song Dynasty，Chinese people made the worlds earliest paper money to replace（代替） metal coins． These banknotes were called jiaozi．

Paper money is cheaper to make and easier to carry． These advantages made it more popular than other forms of money． But now， in the digital （数码的）age， paper money seems to be disappearing for the same reason．

China seems to be heading towards becoming a cashless（不用现金的） society． From supermarkets to street stores， people pay by using the We Chat Wallet and Alipay apps on their mobile phones． Sweden is even closer to a future without paper money． Many Swedish banks no longer even have cash on hand．

But there are worries about creating cashless societies． Some say it is unfair to the poor and people without much education． It's not easy for them to open bank accounts（ 账户）or deal with mobile phones． And if all of your money is"digital， it may not be safe enough．

Is paper money going away？ Although paper money is used less than electronic payment （电子支付） in some countries，it won' t disappear at once in most parts of the world．

（1）When will the fifth edition of RMB come out？ 　　

（2）Which country made the world 's earliest paper money to replace metal coins？ 　　

（3）Why is paper money more popular than other forms of money？ 　　

（4）Do many Swedish banks have any cash on hand？ 　　

（5）what does the writer want to tell us？