初中英语综合型阅读理解

Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day，but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon （马拉松）in Baiyin，Gansu Province，in which 21 people lost their lives.

It started off as a normal day for the 49﹣year﹣old shepherd ，who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside.But soon the weather was terrible，with rainfall and hail.The rain got so heavy that he couldn't see clearly and had to run into a cave where he normally went to have a rest.Soon he fell asleep in the cave after covering himself with some quilts he had stored there.

But he was awakened at 2 pm by an unusual sound that was not coming from his sheep.The sound that woke Zhu was the cry of a runner in the marathon.He was wet from head to toe and trembling because of cold.Zhu took him into the cave，lit a fire and covered the stricken （受伤的）runner with his quilts.

Zhu said that there were soon five runners huddling （挤作一团）in the cave，and he then decided to go outside to try to attract the attention of rescuers （救援者）.When he risked coming out of the cave，he found another stricken runner lying on the ground in bad condition.Then the other runners came out of the cave to give a hand.Zhu and the six runners remained huddled around the fire in his cave until 7 pm，when the rescue team arrived.

" I just did what I had to when I saw that these people were in danger.I think everyone would do the same thing in such a situation， "Zhu said to Beijing News.

Luo Chongchuan，the village head of Changsheng，where Zhu and his family live，said that the shepherd is a warm﹣hearted person who often helps his villagers.

（1）What does the underlined word "shepherd" in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese？ 　 　

A．	牧羊人.
B．	指导者.
C．	国王.

（2）What can we know about Zhu Keming from the passage？ 　 　

A．	Zhu Keming is the head of his village.
B．	Zhu Keming is a warm﹣hearted and helpful person.
C．	Zhu Keming saved six runners on a Saturday morning.

（3）What's the best title for the passage？ 　 　

A．	Shepherd saved six stricken runners.
B．	21 runners lost their lives in Baiyin.
C．	How to realize our hero dreams？

（4）Where does this passage probably come from？ 　 　

A．	A guide book.
B．	A website.
C．	A science book.

Do video games do harm to our children？Today，many children spend a lot of their free time playing games on the Internet.In the UK，99%of kids aged8 to 15 play video games every week.This information tells us that the benefits and dangers of video games must be carefully considered.

For many people，video games are fun.They have bright lights，funny cartoons and exciting stories.Everywhere you look，you can see children playing these games.They play on buses and trains，in restaurants and even at school.

Video games are educational too.They make kids think in a creative way and theyhave to move their hands and eyes quickly.This can improve the way that a child's brain works.What's more，video games make children use their imagination.The player has to do many creative things，like drawing，telling stories and building things.Video games are also a good way to teach children about technology because they can learn how computers and other devices work while they play.

However，a recent study suggests that video games can also be bad for children.First，children can download many games for free.This means that parents often don't know if their children are playing violent or scary games.Second，many children spend too much time playing games on computers and this can lead to health problems.Third，if children spend too much time playing games instead of doing homework，they can have problems at school and get bad grades.Finally，video games can affect children's social skills.If children spend too much time playing video games by themselves，they might not learn how to play with their friends.

In conclusion，it seems clear that video games have some advantages and some disadvantages.It is up to parents to know what games their children are playing and how much time they spend on them.Parents should also make sure their children get enough exercise and spend time with other children.

（1）The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refers to 　    　.

A．	kids
B．	computers
C．	video games
D．	playmates

（2）Which disadvantages of video games are mentioned in the passage？ 　 　

a.Result in bad grades.

b.Make kids feel bored.

c.Lead to health problems.

d.Affect children's social skills.

e.Cause problems between parents and kids.

A．	c，d，e
B．	b，d，e
C．	a，c，d
D．	a，b，c

（3）In the writer's opinion， 　 　should play an important role in video games play for kids.

A．	family
B．	society
C．	schools
D．	game companies

（4）What's the structure of the passage？ 　 　

A．
B．
C．
D．

If you're riding in a "lift" or an "elevator"，or eating "chips" versus "fries"，these words all depend on whether you're in the UK or US.Although the，both speak English，there are many phrases and idioms that differ between the cultures.

   For example，have you ever just not been in the mood to go out with friends？In the US you might say you don't feel like doing that activity，but in the UK you would say， "I can't be asked. "

   Maybe you're about to take a test and feel a little anxious.In the US，you might say you are nervous，but in the UK，one could say they are "having kittens".If someone in the UK were feeling they were under pressure，they might say they are '"under the cosh".

   Even many native English speakers are often confused by the meanings of these terms.Stephanie Stone，a US native，recalls her experience studying in the UK. "People would ask， 'You all right？' For months I thought I looked unwell until I realized it just meant 'How's it going？ ".

   If you want to know more about US and UK idioms，you'd better " have a butcher's hook" at some phrase books.It can be quite interesting to find，the equivalent（对应的）phrases in your own language.

（1）What would you say in America if you are unwilling to go out with friends？ 　 　

A．	I can't be asked.
B．	I'm under the cosh.
C．	I don't feel like doing that.

（2）How might Stephanie Stone feel at first when asked 'You all right？' in the UK？ 　 　

A．	Surprised.
B．	Pleased.
C．	Tired.

（3）What does the phrase " have a butcher's hook" in the last paragraph mean？ 　 　

A．	Get many skills.
B．	Have a look.
C．	Find some words.

（4）What is the text mainly about？ 　     

A．	The meanings of phrases and idioms in the UK and US.
B．	The history of phrases and idioms in the UK and US.
C．	The differences of phrases and idioms in the UK and US.

Here at Nature Loving Kids，we know how much you want to make a positive（积极的）difference to our world!So，read on to find out how to protect our earth…

Save energy and water! - On a fine and clear day，hang things outside to dry!This saves energy that would have been used on the dryer（烘干机）. - If you can，try cycling，walking，or using public transport to get out and about，instead of using the car. - Turn the taps（水龙头）off while brushing your teeth，and take short showers of four minutes or less!	Be an advocate（倡导者）! - Share your knowledge with others，and help them become eco﹣heroes too!It takes lots of people working together to make changes happen - so share，share，share!
Reduce，reuse，recycle! - Before you throw something away，stop and think about what else it could be used for!	Be friendly to wildlife! - Make your garden wildlife﹣friendly!You could build a bee hotel，or even create a pool. - If you own a cat that goes outdoors，put a bell around its neck so that vulnerablewildlife can hear it coming and make their escape!

What else can you do to make the world better？

Now，get out there and save the world - you can do it!

（1）To save energy or water，you'd better         .

A．	dry things in the sun
B．	drive a car to work
C．	take long showers
D．	brush teeth with water running

（2）To call on more people to work together，you should 　 　.

A．	save energy and water
B．	be an advocate
C．	reduce，reuse and recycle
D．	be friendly to wildlife

（3）What does the underlined word " vulnerable" mean in Chinese？ 　 　

A．	野生的.
B．	家养的.
C．	强壮的.
D．	弱小的.

（4）The purpose of the passage is to 　 　.

A．	help the kids learn English
B．	help people learn more about kids
C．	teach kids how to keep animals
D．	tell the kids how to protect the earth

（5）This passage is from      　.

A．	a guidebook
B．	a science book
C．	a website
D．	a newspaper

Playing for Friendship

Ping pong，or table tennis，might seem like an ordinary game to play with friends or family，but it holds a special place in China﹣US relations，as it has helped both countries get along for the last 50 years.This has been called "ping pong diplomacy （乒乓外交）".

Judy Hoarfrost was just 15 years old when she was sent from the US to China as part of a nine﹣ member table tennis team.The year was 1971.and for the past 20 years，relations between China and the US had been unfriendly.

But as the team toured around China，things started warming up.Hoarfrost even got to meet then﹣Premier Zhou Enlai. "The most unforgettable moment was Zhou shaking hands with me and looking into my eyes，" Hoarfrost told China Daily. "You have opened a new page in China﹣US relationships，" Zhou told the team.

In the years that followed the historic visit，ties between the two countries started to blossom.US president Richard Nixon would make a landmark （里程碑） visit to China in 1972，which also saw Chinese table tennis players make their own visit to the US，according to China Daily.Diplomatic relations between the US and China were fully established （建立） in 1979.

Players from both countries believed strongly in the idea of "friendship first.competition second".To this day，many of them remain friends.Hoarfrost thinks we should remember ping pong diplomacy in order "to understand the importance of people﹣to﹣ people exchanges in establishing bonds，human bonds between peoples. "

Seeing tension （紧张局面） between two of the world's biggest powers in recent years，Hoarfrost said China and the US should work together. "We have so much in common，and we need to build on what we have in common，" she added.

（1）What do we know about Hoarfrost？ 　 　

A．	She has played table tennis for 15 years.
B．	B She doesn't know what "ping pong diplomacy" is.
C．	She formed her own table tennis team 20 years ago.
D．	She was part of efforts to improve China US relations

（2）What is Paragraph 3 about？ 　 　

A．	The team's tour around China.
B．	Zhou Enlai's memories of the team.
C．	C Hoarfrost's meeting with Zhou Enlai.
D．	The relationship between China and the US.

（3）When were China﹣US diplomatic relations fully established？ 　 　

A．	In 1971.
B．	In 1972.
C．	In 1979.
D．	In 1991.

（4）What does the underlined phrase "establishing bonds" in Paragraph 5 mean？ 　 　

A．	Developing a relationship.
B．	Holding a competition.
C．	Understanding different countries.
D．	Understanding the spirit of sportsmanship.

（5）According to the passage，what might Hoarfrost agree with？ 　 　

A．	It's normal for countries to face tension.
B．	B China and the US should improve their relations.
C．	Playing table tennis can help people go abroad more easily.
D．	China and the US should have another table tennis exchange.

①Animal behavior（行为）is an interesting and attractive study.Scientists research the ways animals use to look for food.They study how animals protect themselves from their predators，and which animals kill other animals for food.All of this helps us understand how useful animals can be.

②Each country or culture raises some animals for food.In the United States，people mainly eat meat from cows，chickens and pigs.In other countries，people might raise sheep or buffalo for meat.These differences come in part from weather and other environmental conditions.People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish from oceans and rivers.In some countries，people don't always choose some animal groups，such as dogs，for food while in other countries such animals may become people's favorite food.

③In West Africa，animals provide humans with more than food.They have been helping people do daily work for thousands of years.Horses，oxen，and other work animals pull heavy things.Elephants；camels；and other animals carry people and things from place to place.Carrier pigeons （信鸽）have been used to send messages.

④People also receive health benefits'（利益）from animals.For example，dogs and cats can help calm people down.This is helpful for people fighting illnesses.Animals can also reduce stress，helping people to draw their attention to learning new information，such as reading.When people are walking their dogs or horses，it encourages exercise.

⑤Animals and humans share space on Earth，so keeping a healthy relationship with animals，around us is in our best interest.

（1）What is the passage mainly about？ 　 　

A．	Where animals live and how they look for food.
B．	The relationship between animals and humans.
C．	The different things animals can do in different countries.
D．	What humans should do when communicating with animals.

（2）The underlined word "predators" in Paragraph l probably means 　 　.

A．	neighbours
B．	friends
C．	children
D．	enemies

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ 　 　

A．	People around the world eat all kinds of fish.
B．	Horses are helpful for people fighting illnesses.
C．	Elephants encourage humans to do more exercise.
D．	Africans mainly eat meat from cows，chickens and pigs.

（4）Which of the following is the structure（结构）of the passage？ 　 　

A．		B．
C．		D．

Just the other day，I was in a bookshop and found a book named How to make friends with foreigners.As a Canadian living in China for a year，I was curious to see what kind of advice a Chinese writer giving on this matter.

    One piece of advice really caught my attention and，I must say，made me feel quite angry.In the writer's opinion，foreigners are an"opportunity （机会）"to improve your oral English；whenever you see a foreigner，American or English，you should practise speaking English with him or her.If the foreigner doesn't want answer your questions，then he or she is a nude person who you wouldn't want to spend time with anyway.I think this advice is not only incorrect，but also may harm the relationship between Chinese and foreigners in China.

    Like most other "Lao Wai" living in China，I know how lonely one can sometimes feel living in a culture different from our own familiar （熟悉的） ways.However，I simply accept as part of being here.So far my time in China has been rewarding.I have improved my Chinese language skills，learned about one of the fastest developing countries in the world today and made some very close Chinese friends.

    However，I have also met many Chinese people who consider me only as an "opportunity" to improve their oral English.I have had people following me from town to my flat to trouble me to teach them English.I have had complete strangers throwing articles or speeches in my face，insisting that I help them with the English translation.I have had people asking me non﹣stop questions for half an hour at the weekly English Corner ...

    Friendship for a lot of foreigners is about spending time with someone whose company （陪伴） they really enjoy.So if there is any advice to give on making and keeping friendships with foreigners，I would say that it is this：Treat foreigners as people，not opportunities.Expect to make friendships step by step，over a period of time，not in a rush.          If your only reason for becoming friends with a foreigner is to improve your English，then you will probably find that you don't have a foreign friend for long.

（1）Where is the writer of this passage from？ 　    　

A.America.

B.China.

C.Canada.

D.England.

（2）Why is the writer of the passage interested in the book How to make friends with foreigners？ 　   　

A.Because he wants to have some more close Chinese Friends.

B.Because he has greatly improved his Chinese language skills.

C.Because no Chinese people would like to make friends with him.

D.Because he wants to know about the Chinese writer's advice on this topic.

（3）According to the writer of the book How to make friends with foreigners， 　   　.

A.his advice may make foreigners angry

B.it is rude of you to ask a foreigner questions

C.you should choose a good foreigner to practise English with

D.don't waste time on a foreigner who doesn't answer your questions

（4）In the fourth paragraph，the writer uses"I have had.." three times，because 　   　.

A.he had no better sentences to express his ideas.

B.he wanted to show how he hated to make friends with Chinese.

C.he wanted to show how he hated to be treated as an opportunity".

D.he met Chinese who wanted to make friends with him only three times.

（5）Which sentence may be the best to fill in the " 　   　" in the last paragraph？

A.True friendships stand （经得起） the test of time.

B.Learn about different cultures to make real friends.

C.Friends are about opportunities or personal advantages.

D.There's real friendship between people from different countries.

Historically，most cars have run on gasoline（汽油），but that may change in the future：cars can also run on other liquid fuels（液体燃料）and electricity.

Gasoline is from oil.The energy in gasoline comes from hydrocarbons（碳氢化合物）.Gasoline provides great power for cars.However，it causes environmental problems，like air pollution and temperature rise.So gasoline can't be the best fuel.

Another choice is electricity.Electricity cars can be as efficient（效能好的）as cars using gasoline，And they produce less pollution.But electric cars themselves are more expensive.Good news is that the cost has been lower and there are more and more places for the cars to get electricity ever since 2010.

The other choices are other liquid fuels.Many of these can be stored in the same places as gasoline，and used in the same cars.They can also be friendly to the environment.

One way to make such fuels is to get CO ₂from the air and put it in water.Through chemical reaction，hydrocarbons can be created.However，these fuels take up more space.

Another way is to make such fuels from plants which take in carbon from the air.These fuels are greener in use.But not all of them can be as efficient as gasoline.

For a fuel to be the best，people have to be able to afford it.Unluckily，almost every green technology is more expensive than that of using gasoline.Governments and car producers are doing everything they car to cut down the costs.In the end，the best fuel will be both affordable for car users and green for our planet.

（1）Gasoline provides cars with 　    　.

A．	great power
B．	fresh air
C．	clean water
D．	enough space

（2）According to Paragraph 3，we can infer that electric cars 　 　.

A．	produce less pollution
B．	will become more and more expensive
C．	will become more popular
D．	are more efficient than those using gasoline

（3）The structure of the passage may be 　 　.

A．
B．
C．
D．

（4）What would be the best title for the passage？ 　    　

A．	How Do We Protect Our Planet？
B．	What Are the Fuels' Differences？
C．	What Is the Best Fuel for Cars？
D．	How Do We Make Fuels for Cars？

2021 is the year of the ox（牛）.In March，a set of stamps about the famous Tang Dynasty painting，Five Oxen，came out. Itallows more people to know better the great art of ancient China，as well as the importance of agriculture（农业）in history.

Han Huang （723﹣787）was the painter of Five Oxen.He worked as a government official in the Tang Dynasty.His paintings were loved by many because the animals he painted were so alive.Unluckily，Five Oxen is probably his only painting left.

Five Oxen is one of the best animal paintings in China's art history.In the painting，the five oxen are in a line.They are of different colors and shapes.And each has a different appearance（形态），walking or standing，holding their heads high or low.With lively expressions and bright eyes，the oxen show the spirit of doing hard work without complaints（抱怨）.As the name suggests， ▲.It makes people focus（关注）on the oxen themselves.

The painting was missing in 1900.Luckily，it returned to China during the early 1950s.However，it was terribly broken with many holes in it.Great efforts were made to save it.Now Five Oxen，probably the oldest Chinese painting on paper，is kept with care in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

（1）The underlined word " It" in Paragraph 1 refers to " 　 　

A．	The year of the ox
B．	The set of stamps
C．	The Tang Dynasty
D．	The painting Five Oxen

（2）Han Huang's paintings were loved by many because the animals he painted were so 　 　.

A．	alive
B．	bright
C．	lucky
D．	colorful

（3）Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲？ 　     

A．	the ox is very popular in the Tang Dynasty
B．	the ox is a symbol of Chinese traditional culture
C．	the painting is of the five oxen with no special background
D．	the painting wants to tell people to work hard and creatively

（4）This passage mainly wants to tell us that 　      　.

A．	Five Oxen is Han's only painting left
B．	oxen have different colors and shapes
C．	oxen are very hard﹣working animals
D．	Five Oxen is valuable and meaningful

Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws （吸管） and bags.More and more businesses are turning to paper products as a choice.Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic.However，it，too，is harmful to the environment.

   Firstly，paper bags and straws are made from trees.Trees，as you know，can reduce （减少） carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） levels in the atmosphere. Theycan slow down climate （气候） change.An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.

   Secondly，products made from paper require more energy and water.About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one.You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water.This seems to be a good idea.However，it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a brand new paper bag.Products made from recycled paper are also often short﹣lived.

   Thirdly，paper products are heavier than plastic ones.That means they require more oil to transport.Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags，while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags.The increased weight also leads to a large amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.

   Paper products are actually a lose﹣lose for both the environment and businesses.They are more expensive than plastic products.A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents，while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.

   The most environment﹣friendly solution is to avoid single﹣use products altogether.Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again.They are much better than either paper products or plastic products.Through increasing the use of these products，you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our Earth a greener place!

（1）What does the underlined word " They" in Paragraph 2 refer to？ 　 　

A．	Plastic products.
B．	Trees.
C．	Paper products.
D．	Businesses.

（2）Compared with transporting two million plastic bags，transporting two million paper bags requires 　 　.

A．	fewer trucks
B．	six more trucks
C．	twice as many trucks
D．	the same number of trucks

（3）The writer compared the price of a paper straw and that of a plastic straw to show that 　 　.

A．	paper products are not a good choice for businesses
B．	it is difficult for all businesses to turn to paper products
C．	most people believe paper products are better than plastic ones
D．	paper products are as harmful to the environment as plastic ones

（4）By writing this article，the writer mainly wanted to 　 　.

①compare plastic products with paper ones

②correct people's wrong ideas about paper products

③suggest people use reusable products like steel straws

④list the advantages and disadvantages of using paper products

A．	①②
B．	③④
C．	①④
D．	②③

An exhibition（展览）about the Grand Canal（大运河）ended at the National Museum of China in Beijing on March lst.

The Grand Canal is more than 2，500 years old.It is made up of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal，the Sui and Tang Grand Canal，and the Zhedong Canal.At nearly 3，200 kilometers long，it is the world's longest man﹣made waterway.It has influenced the development of Chinese economics（经济）and culture for hundreds of years.

Before it was built，people in ancient China used horses and oxen（公牛），or simply traveled on foot，to trade goods（货物）.It was impossible to transport（运输）large﹣sized goods.After the Grand Canal connected the north and the south，business and cultural exchanges were able to develop further.

In fact，the Grand Canal played an important role in the building of the Forbidden City（紫禁城）.Materials from different parts of the country were sent to Beijing through the canal，including bricks（砖）fired in Shandong and Jiangsu and wood cut in Hunan.People even owe the beginning of Beijing duck to the canal.White lake ducks in the south were shipped to Beijing.They were then kept to make Beijing duck.People from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal.They shared their experiences，traditions and culture with others.

（1）Paragraph 2 is written to 　 　.

A．	describe the exhibition
B．	introduce the Grand Canal to readers
C．	describe the Forbidden City
D．	describe the position of the Grand Canal

（2）Before the Grand Canal was put into use，it was impossible to 　 　between the north and the south.

A．	trade goods
B．	travel
C．	carry small goods
D．	ship large﹣sized goods

（3）The underlined word "owe" in Paragraph 4 means    　.

A．	归功于
B．	运送
C．	欠债
D．	阻碍

（4）From the passage，we can learn that 　     　.

A．	the Grand Canal is nearly 2，300 kilometers long
B．	we can watch an exhibition about the Grand Canal on March 2nd
C．	the bricks fired in Hunan were sent to Beijing through the canal
D．	people from all walks of life preferred to get together along the canal

（5）What's the main idea of the passage？ 　      　

A．	The Grand Canal helps to create new jobs.
B．	The Grand Canal makes western culture develop.
C．	The Grand Canal influences China's development.
D．	The Grand Canal helps the south of China develop faster.

Have you ever imagined the life in space？The following will show you the astronauts' daily life.

• Eating in space

   If you go camping for more than a week with some friends，you will make sure you have plenty of foods and keep them properly.At the end of your camping trip，you would deal with your rubbish properly before the ride home.

   Astronauts almost do the same thing when they go to space.Preparation changes with the food type.Some foods can be eaten in their natural forms，such as chocolate cakes and fruits.Other foods require adding water，such as cheese.Of course，an oven is provided at the space station to heat the food.But there are no fridges，so space food must be kept properly.

• Sleeping in space

   After a long day at work，nothing is better than a good night's sleep!Just like on the earth，in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time，then get up and prepare for work again.When going to sleep，they have to attachthemselves，so they don't float （漂浮） around or hit their bodies against something.They usually use sleeping bags located in small crew cabins （乘员舱）.Each crew cabin is just big enough for one person.Generally，astronauts have an eight﹣hour sleep each day when they finish their task.

• Doing sports in space

   Exercise is an important part of every astronaut's daily life to prevent muscle loss （肌肉萎缩）.Usually，astronauts exercise two hours every day.Lifting 200 pounds on the earth may be a lot of work.But lifting that same object in space would be much easier.That means the things for exercise need to be specially designed，so astronauts can receive the exercise needed.

   Living in space is not just all work and no play.Astronauts have fun，too.They like to look out the window and play with their food.Fun plays an important role in the quality of their life.

（1）The writer starts to explain eating in space by 　 　.

A．	telling a story
B．	asking a question
C．	giving an example
D．	comparing two facts

（2）What does the underlined word " attach" in Paragraph 4 mean？ 　 　

A．	Tie.
B．	Hide.
C．	Catch.
D．	Carry.

（3）It is much easier for people 　 　in space than on the earth.

A．	to fall asleep
B．	to lift heavy things
C．	to prevent muscle loss
D．	to eat cold food

（4）In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage？ 　 　

A.CULTURE.

B.SOCIETY.

C.SCIENCE.

D.HISTORY.

Today，by carefully choosing dog parents，humans have created many different kinds of dog Each kind has its own look and talents and its own role within human society.Here are three examples of "a dog's life" in the human world.

Today，many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients.Shaynee is a therapy（治疗）dog.She visits children who are in hospital.Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace which can be hard in a busy hospital.They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays，and，some suggest，even help them get better.

Today some beagles（小猎犬）work in airports for the government They are part of the program called he Beagle Brigade.A beagle is good or the work because of its powerful nose，and ability to follow smells.The Beagle Brigade's job is to smell everything that comes into the country.They make officers notice illegal（非法的）fruits.vegetables，and other foods in luggage or in mail.The beagles do the job far better than any human could.

While some dogs are working hard others are free to spend their days resting and playing Across the world，many pet dogs are treated like children.Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want Some even have their own clothes.Many of these pets spend their days playing，learning to follow or even going to classes.Their owners give them the best，and enjoy doing so.

Whether as workers or objects of affection（钟情）dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways.There are plenty of advantages for the dog，too.Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth.However，the domestic dog's special place as "man's best friend" has allowed it to survive （存活）in a human world.

（1）What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ 　 　

A．	Hospitals need many special dogs.
B．	Dogs can take care of patients.
C．	Patients need love in the hospital.
D．	Doctors are too busy to see patients.

（2）What does the underlined word " domestic" in Paragraph 5 mean？ 　 　

A．	Trained.
B．	Smart.
C．	Hungry.
D．	Valuable.

（3）What's the purpose of the passage？ 　 　

A．	To ask people to treat dogs as their own children.
B．	To explain why humans need beagles in their work.
C．	To tell people about the history of dogs' development.
D．	To show a good relationship between dogs and humans.

（4）Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？ 　 　

Ever wondered why your virtual（虚拟的）home helper doesn't understand your questions？Or why your navigation app took you on the side street instead of the highway？In a study published April 21st in the journal Science，Italian researchers，Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella，designed a robot that "thinks out loud".

To explore how inner speech might influence a robot's actions，the researchers built a robot called Pepper that speaks to itself.It has the ability to reason and think.They then asked people to set the dinner table with Pepper according to etiquette（礼仪）rules.In one experiment，the user asked Pepper to lay the napkin at the wrong place，going against the rules.Pepper started asking itself a series of self﹣directed questions and concluded that the user might be mistaken.To be sure，Pepper confirmed the user's order，which led to further inner speech.

"Ehm，this situation troubles me.I would never break the rules，but I can't make the user unhappy，so I'm doing what he wants，" Pepper said to itself，laying the napkin where it was required to be.Through Pepper's inner voice，the user can learn Pepper was facing a difficult situation and solved it by prioritizingthe user's order.

Comparing Pepper's actions with and without inner speech，Pipitone and Chella discovered the robot had a higher task﹣completion rate when having self﹣dialogue.

However，some people find the robot spends more time completing tasks when it talks to itself.The robot's inner speech is also limited to the knowledge that researchers gave it.Pepper's designers still say their work provides a framework（构架）to further explore how self﹣dialogue can help robots focus，plan，and learn. "In some ways，we are creating a generational（世代的）robot that likes to chat.From navigation apps and the camera on your phone to medical robots in the operation rooms，machines and computers alike can take advantage of this chatty feature，" says Chella.

（1）Why does the writer ask two questions at the very beginning of the passage？ 　 　

A．	To draw the reader's attention to the topic.
B．	To show the writer likes electronic products
C．	To tell the reader about the history of robots.
D．	To prove the writer often faces trouble in life.

（2）Why was Pepper asked to lay the napkin at the wrong place？ 　 　

A．	To see how much time Pepper spent laying the napkin.
B．	To confirm how popular Pepper was among its users.
C．	To test how many etiquette rules Pepper remembered.
D．	To study how self﹣dialogue might influence Pepper's actions.

（3）What does the underlined word "prioritizing" in Paragraph 3 mean？ 　 　

A．	repeating.
B．	dealing with…first.
C．	going against.
D．	complaining about.

（4）What can we infer from the passage？ 　 　

A．	The designers are proud of their work about Pepper.
B．	Pepper has already been in use in the operation rooms.
C．	Pepper's inner speech depends on its user's communication skills.
D．	With or without inner speech，Pepper could complete a task equally well.

The natural world is colorful with humans，plants and animals showing different colors.

    Human skin can be many different colors and it changes.with the sun，our feelings or our health for example.This is because of pigments（色素），which reflect light and make what the eye sees as colors.So，when we feel excited or angry，our heart can send more blood to the face and the pigments in the skin become red.This is why we have the expression that someone. "sees red"when they are angry.

    Plants also have pigments.Color is important for them to live on.The bright colors of flowers catch the attention of insects（昆虫），which then carry their pollen（花粉）from one flower to another.Bees can see colors we cannot，and they follow these to the inside of the flower.Without bees visiting flowers in this way，many plants would die out.

    Animals also use color for their own need.They protect themselves with different colors so as not to be seen by predators.The snowshoe hare for example，a type of wild rabbit，changes color with seasons for this reason.During summer it is a brown color，and in winter it is white so that it can hide in the snow.However，some animals use color as a warning to make predators stay away.Bright colors such as yellow and red are often used in this way.Nature，however，is very clever，and predators also use colors to attract（吸引）the animals they feed on..

    So，we can see that there may be many different reasons and uses for colors in the natural world.Some uses of color in nature remain unknown；but one thing is for sure，color not only makes our planet beautiful but it is also necessary for our planet to live on.

（1）Paragraph 2 mainly tells us that 　 　 is/are the cause that makes human skin change color.

A.feelings

B.pigments

C.Blood

D.sunshine

（2）According to Paragraph 3，plants can use 　 　 to attract insects.

A.leaves

B.fruits

C.pollen

D.color

（3）The underlined word"predators""in Paragraph 4 refers to animals which 　 　.

A.hide in secret places

B.kill other animals for food

C.change color with the sun

D.protect themselves from danger

（4）What is the main purpose of the passage？ 　 　

A.To describe animals' ways of life.

B.To encourage us to study color in nature.

C.To introduce the uses of colors for life on earth.

D.To explain the importance of protecting our planet.