初中物理力和机械试题

小明同学利用圆珠笔杆、钢丝、细绳制成了如图所示的滑轮组用其匀速提升重物下列说法正确的是

A．拉细绳的力F等于钩码重力G的1/3

B．拉细绳的力F等于钩码重力G的1/7

C．用该滑轮组提起不同的钩码，机械效率相同

D．用该滑轮组提起不同的钩码，机械效率不同

斜面是一种简单机械，生活中经常用到它，工人师傅小波和小新分别用如图所示的甲、乙两种方法，将同样的物体搬上车，下列说法正确的是

A．甲方法不可以省力，但能省功

B．甲方法可以省力，也能省功

C．乙方法可以省力，但不能省功

D．乙方法可以省力，也能省功

如图所示，我们在拖动行李箱时一般先拉出行李箱上方的拉杆，这样做的目的是为了

A．减小阻力臂，省力	B．增大阻力臂，省力
C．减小动力臂，省力	D．增大动力臂，省力

下列测量工具没有利用杠杆原理的是（　　）

下列工具在正常使用的过程中，可以看作费力杠杆的是

按照题目要求作图：
（1）如图甲所示，要用滑轮组将陷入泥潭的汽车拉出,请在图中画出最省力的绳子绕法。
（2）如图乙，密度均匀的直杆AB，自重为G₁，AB的一部分伸出桌外，当B端挂G₂物体时，杆刚刚开始翘起，（O为直杆刚翘起时，杆与桌面边缘的接触点)。若G₂对绳子产生的拉力为动力，请画出杆AB所受阻力F₂和阻力臂l₂。
（3）在图乙所示的电路图上只改动一根导线，使两只电流表分别测干路和支路的电流。(要求在改动的导线上画“×”,再画出改动后的导线)

如图是人抬独轮车车把时的简化示意图，此时独轮车相当于一个    （省力/费力）杠杆；若动力臂是阻力臂的3倍，物体和车总重G 为1200N，抬起车把的力F为     N。

如图所示，杠杆处于平衡状态，则F的力臂是
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

A．OA

B．OC

C．OD

D．FD

站在地面上的人想用尽可能小的力提升水桶．请在图中画出滑轮组绳子的绕法。

如图所示，杠杆在力F1、F2作用下处于平衡状态，L1为F1的力臂。请在图中作出F2的力臂L2及力F1。

在图中，A装置是     滑轮（选填“定”或“动”）．若用30N的拉力将旗帜匀速提升10m，则拉力所做的功为     J．

如图所示，起瓶器开启瓶盖时，可看作是

A．以B为支点的费力杠杆	B．以B为支点的省力杠杆
C．以A为支点的费力杠杆	D．以A为支点的省力杠杆

按照题目要求作图：
（1）如下图所示，用螺丝刀撬起图钉．请在图上画出螺丝刀受到图钉阻力F₂的力臂；并画出作用在螺丝刀柄上A点的最小动力F₁的示意图．

(2)上图中，站在地面上的同学借助滑轮组匀速提升重物，请画出合适的绕线方法．

(3)下图是某手电筒的剖面图，请按实物剖面图，在虚线框中画出这种手电筒的电路图．

各式各样的剪刀都是杠杆．如图所示，要剪开铁皮，应该用       最合适；剪纸或布时，应该用       最合适．(选填标号) 

“给我一个支点和一根足够长的棍，我就能撬起整个地球．”下列生产和生活中的杠杆与阿基米德设想的杠杆属于同一类型的是