初中英语说明文试题

Do you often run outdoors to keep healthy？Have you ever thought about

（1）　 　running helps to clean up the earth？Sometimes a creative mind can bring us a win﹣win situation.Plogging（跑步捡垃圾），a new way to（2）　 　，began in Sweden.The name "plogging" comes from two words一the Swedish word "plocka"，which means "to pick up"，and the word 'jogging"，which means "to run slowly".A Swedish man called Erik started the movement.He saw rubbish here and there when（3）　 to work each day.He became

（4）　 　about the dirty environment and decided not to go to work by bike any more.So，he began to run to work and pick up the rubbish at the same time.To his（5）　 　，more and more people followed him and soon plogging became popular.

（1）A.why	B.how	C.when
（2）A.work	B.relax	C.exercise
（3）A.riding	B.running	C.walking
（4）A.excited	B.worried	C.interested
（5）A.disappointment	B.anger	C.joy

Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.

    And scientists now say that（1）　 　is one of the best way to keep fit.It can make you feel better and look better.Some say it can even make you live（2）　 　.

    All you need for naming，some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes.You don't need to buy special clothes（3）　 　you should get a good pair of sports shoes.And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your（4）　 　shoes.

    Some people find running boring，so，cycling or swimming instead once in a while.Also，you shouldn't exercise every day.It's very important to（5）　 　two or three times a week.You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate（6）　 　.Do some leg exercises every week as well，because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.

    If you're a beginner，there are lots of ways to make exercise fun.You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend.Another idea is to run in a race.This can give you a（n）（7）　 　to train and keep you interested in running.

（1）A.running	B.swimming	C.cycling
（2）A.long	B.longer	C.longest
（3）A.and	B.or	C.but
（4）A.usual	B.clean	C.different
（5）A.play	B.rest	C.work
（6）A.never	B.often	C.sometimes
（7）A.reason	B.excuse	C.method

Honesty is an important rule when you are with others.Never cheat your friends because that will make you lose them and you will feel （1）　 　.Don't tell lies to your parents，or you will（2）　 　them.If you are a teacher or a parent，you'd better always tell the （3）　 　to your students or children.That can make them believe you and respect you.

    If you make a（4）　 　，don't try to hide it.Face it and correct it.That makes people like you better than before because they think you are（5）　 　.

（1）A.excited	B.lonely	C.worried	D.calm
（2）A.hurt	B.care	C.hit	D.love
（3）A.answer	B.reason	C.secret	D.truth
（4）A.decision	B.mistake	C.promise	D.friend
（5）A.brave	B.hind	C.honest	D.creative

When you get into an elevator （电梯），there is a button （按钮） inside.After you press the button，the elevator then takes you to outer space.Does this sound like something from a science fiction film？In fact，it might become（1）　 　in the future.

    Scientists hope（2）　 　the space elevator by 2050.The elevator has a strong cable（缆绳）.The cable connects the elevator to the Space Station.The elevator goes up and down along the cable.The elevator might look like an egg.It can take 30 people.The trip is about 36，000 km.It may（3）　 　eight days to get to space.

    People can only fly rockets into space right now.But they are expensive.A space elevator would be cheaper.It can do more than just take people into space.The elevator can（4）　 　send heavy things into space.A space elevator could make（5）　 　easier to go into space.

（1）A.wonderful	B.real	C.wise	D.fascinating
（2）A.to build	B.build	C.building	D.builds
（3）A.spend	B.cost	C.pay	D.take
（4）A.almost	B.hardly	C.also	D.too
（5）A.that	B.it	C.this	D.it's

Space suits don't just make astronauts look cool.Without these （1） 　 　suits，astronauts wouldn't be able to leave their spaceship.That is to say，they wouldn't be able to

（2） 　 　on the Moon or work outside the International Space Station.

Space is a （3） 　 　place for human beings.Firstly，there is no air to breathe.Secondly，space also has high levels of radiation（辐射），energy that can pass through our bodies and make us（4） 　 　.Thirdly，some parts of space are really cold （5） 　 　other parts are very hot.So astronauts could die in just a few seconds if they（6） 　 　outside their spaceship without their suits.With a space suit，though，astronauts can move around in space for several hours.

Space suits keep astronauts（7） 　 　 sealed（密封的）inside.A backpack sends O2 in to let astronauts breathe normally.At the same time，the CO ₂ （8） 　 　 astronauts breathe out is sucked away.The suit also protects them from harmful radiation and fast﹣moving space dust. （9） 　 　 the space suit is another suit that looks like a pair of tight pajamas（睡衣）with little pipes running through them.Water runs through these pipes to（10） 　 　 astronauts because wearing a space suit can make astronauts very hot !

（1）A.private	B.special	C.plastic	D.expensive
（2）A.run	B.walk	C.live	D.surf
（3）A.funny	B.natural	C.beautiful	D.dangerous
（4）A.sick	B.bored	C.strong	D.relaxed
（5）A.after	B.since	C.before	D.while
（6）A.rushed	B.jumped	C.stepped	D.escaped
（7）A.safely	B.quickly	C.quietly	D.terribly
（8）A.who	B.this	C.that	D.whether
（9）A.Above	B.Under	C.Behind	D.Between
（10）A.wash away	B.warm up	C.cool off	D.clean out

Little Women is Louisa May Alcott's most famous novel.The novel follows the（1） 　 　of the four March sisters - Meg，Jo，Beth and Amy - and is based on the writer's own（2） 　　of growing up with her three sisters during the American Civil War （1861﹣1865）.

The main theme in the story is the importance of（3） 　　.Other themes include the need to work and self﹣improvement.

When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are（4） 　　and have to work.Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure（5） 　 　there is a war and everybody must help.Their father is in the army.In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time.They must try to（6） 　　the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful.He wants to be proud of them when he comes home.The girls decide to make an effort to（7） 　　themselves because they love and miss their father very much.

Alcott was interested in women's rights and，through the four March sisters，she explored （探索）four different（8） 　 　 of being a woman in those days.Meg leaves the family to get（9） 　　 and have a new family.Beth devotes （致力于）herself to（10） 　　 her own family.Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure.And Jo，like Alcott herself，tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time.

（1）A.rules	B.lives	C.secrets
（2）A.experiences	B.expressions	C.directions
（3）A.friendship	B.work	C.family
（4）A.poor	B.rich	C.clever
（5）A.so	B.because	C.if
（6）A.sell	B.find	C.accept
（7）A.improve	B.serve	C.imagine
（8）A.maps	B.ways	C.circles
（9）A.dressed	B.lost	C.married
（10）A.looking after	B.looking for	C.asking for

They weigh almost nothing.Yet they are（1） 　 　than steel.In fact，some spiders' webs are among the world's strongest materials， （2） 　 　they can be pulled longer than elastic（橡皮筋）.They can also be any （3） 　 　.Spider webs are amazing.

A spider has hundreds of small openings in its body.Silk comes out of these openings as a liquid（液体），and，as it reaches the air，it becomes tread﹣like.These （4） 　 　threads（线）come together to form a single thread.

The spider can make many different kinds of thread.The tread can be thick or thin，wet or dry，or sticky.Each kind has a different （5） 　 　.Some webs create an egg box.Others（6） 　 　hiding places.The most common purpose of a spider web，however，is to catch food.

There are many（7） 　 　the spider uses its web to catch food.For example some spiders produce a single thread.An inset then sits on it（8） 　 　realizing what it is doing，and becomes（9） 　 　.Slowly，the spider moves towards the insect.（10） 　 　，it covers its food in silk.

Some spiders use a different kind of（11） 　 　，They make webs that cheat insects.An insect sees the web and thinks it's a flower.It then（12） 　 　the web.The spider can feel even the smallest movement of the web，and rushes at the inset（13） 　 　it can get away.

Spider webs are so （14） 　 　 that engineers have been studying them for years.They want to learn why they are so strong and elastic.However，for the moment，spiders are keeping their（15） 　 　 .Although they have made great progress in science and technology，humans till haven't been able to copy natural webs.

（1）A.stronger	B.brighter	C.heavier	D.thicker
（2）A.so	B.but	C.if	D.or
（3）A.shape	B.price	C.weight	D.temperature
（4）A.wide	B.broken	C.tiny	D.weak
（5）A.direction	B.purpose	C.size	D.name
（6）A.provide	B.choose	C.find	D.change
（7）A.problems	B.reasons	C.steps	D.ways
（8）A.by	B.for	C.without	D.in
（9）A.lost	B.stuck	C.excited	D.burnt
（10）A.Sadly	B.Clearly	C.Suddenly	D.Loudly
（11）A.help	B.material	C.power	D.trick
（12）A.lands on	B.moves towards	C.flies over	D.looks into
（13）A.when	B.before	C.until	D.unless
（14）A.soft	B.expensive	C.important	D.amazing
（15）A.habits	B.plans	C.secrets	D.records

Red Packets in Chinese Culture

Giving Hongbao (red packets) is a tradition in China. Traditional red pockets are often decorated with gold Chinese characters（汉字）, such as ___ 1 ___and wealth.

How red packets a re used

During Chinese New Year, __ 2 ___is (are) put inside red packets which are then handed out to younger generations by their parents, grandparents, relatives, and even close neighbours and friends.

The ___ 3 ___

Red represents luck and good fortune in Chinese culture. That is __ 4 ___red packets are used during Chinese New Year and other celebrations.

How to give and receive

Giving and receiving red packets is a ___ 5 ___act. Therefore, red packets are always __ 6 ___and received with both hands.

Someone who receives a red packet at Chinese New Year or on his or her birthday should not ___ 7 ___it in front of the giver. __ 8 __, things are different at a Chinese wedding, where the guests usually give the red packets to the attendants and sign ___ 9 ___names on a large scroll ( long piece of paper). The attendants will open the packets at once, ___ 10 __the money inside, and record it on a register（登记簿） next to the guests' names.

The amount （数量）

The amount of money is relative to your relationship to the person who receives-the ___ 11 ___your relationship is, the more money is expected. Anyway, it is not the amount of the money that matters, but the care and love you hold for others .

What not to gift

Certain amounts of money are to be __ 12 ___. Anything with a four is not good because four sounds similar to __ 13 ___in Chinese. Even numbers（偶数）, except four, are better than odd-as good things are believed to come in __ 14 ___. For example, gifting ＄20 is better than ＄21.

The money inside a red packet should ___ 15 ___be new. Folding the money or giving dirty or wrinkled bills is in bad taste.

Hongbao is a symbol of love from others, as well as a sign of good luck.

A．	1. praise	B．	dream	C．	happiness	D．	advice
E．	2. paper	F．	money	G．	letters	H．	notes
I．	3. colour	J．	size	K．	shape	L．	history
M．	4. when	N．	why	O．	how	P．	where
Q．	5. strange	R．	simple	S．	smart	T．	serious
U．	6. presented	V．	filled	W．	covered	X．	gathered
Y．	7. watch	Z．	hide	[．	open	\．	accept
]．	8. Moreover	^．	However	_．	Otherwise	`．	Besides
a．	9. his	b．	their	c．	your	d．	our
e．	10. count	f．	change	g．	choose	h．	collect
i．	11. worse	j．	harder	k．	closer	l．	wider
m．	12. avoided	n．	increased	o．	afforded	p．	returned
q．	13. birth	r．	fear	s．	death	t．	envy
u．	14. groups	v．	rows	w．	teams	x．	pairs
y．	15. sometimes	z．	never	{．	seldom	|．	always

The lion dance is part of traditional Chinese culture.People often perform in the night before the Chinese New Year.They （1） 　 　perform it for other happy occasions.People think the lion dance can（2） 　 　good luck and success.

There are many different stories （3） 　 　 how the lion dance began.One of them is like this：Hundreds of years ago，a monster called Nian came to a village in China.The villagers were（4） 　 　 .A lion chased Nian away.A year later，Nian came back again，but this time the lion couldn't（5） 　 　 .So the villagers made a "lion" by themselves.Their "lion"danced，jumped and chased Nian away.For this （6） 　 　 ，people began to perform the lion dance before the Spring Festival to chase bad luck away.

There are （7） 　 　different kinds of lion dances.In the southern lion dance，the dancers （8） 　 　hard to perform like a real lion.Their "lion" may shake its body.The dance can be funny.The（9） 　 　kind is the northern lion dance.It has more martial art skills like rolling，leaping and jumping.Both kinds are very interesting to watch，but it takes a lot of

（10） 　 　to perform well.

（1）A.still	B.also	C.almost	D.just
（2）A.bring	B.leave	C.find	D.keep
（3）A.in	B.wit	C.about	D.over
（4）A.excited	B.bored	C.relaxed	D.scared
（5）A.help	B.agree	C.visit	D.refuse
（6）A.story	B.reason	C.event	D.mistake
（7）A .two	B.three	C.four	D.five
（8）A.watch	B.fight	C.catch	D.try
（9）A.other	B.same	C.only	D.simple
（10）A.luck	B.advice	C.practice	D.hope

What makes us ill？It is the germs（细菌）.（1）　　are everywhere.The are very（2）　 　.You can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them（3）　　a microscope（显微镜）.There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

    Germs are always found in（4）　　water.When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see（5）　　.So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

    Germs are found not only in（6）　　.They are found（7）　 　in air and dust（灰尘）.When you（8）　　your finger，if some dust from the floor goes into the cut，some germs would go into your finger.Then you will have much pain in it.Sometimes germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.

（1）A.Germs	B.Books	C.Gardens
（2）A.big	B.small	C.long
（3）A.with	B.to	C.of
（4）A.clean	B.tidy	C.dirty
（5）A.them	B.him	C.they
（6）A.food	B.drink	C.water
（7）A.neither	B.also	C.too
（8）A.cut	B.check	C.make

It is a basic ability for humans to tell more from less.Surprisingly，a number of animals（1）　　this ability too.They will（2）　　more of something.Horses，for example，will go for a group of three apples instead of two apples.

    This ability is（3）　 　to animals in lots of ways.It helps them（4）　　the larger group of friends.Many fishes，for example，join groups for（5）　　.If a predator （掠食动物）comes，a fish in a group of 40 is less possible to become lunch than a fish in a group of 10.So if a fish has a choice between two groups，it's safer to join the（6）　 　one.A sense of number even helps keep the（7）　　.For example，a monkey group will avoid fights with other groups when they find their（8）　 　is not an advantage.

    Also，the ability to do simple（9）　　is a sure thing for some animals.They（10）　　the difference between one，two，and three.

    Some others can count much higher than three.

（1）A.have	B.miss	C.doubt	D.hate
（2）A.grow	B.cook	C.pick	D.leave
（3）A.fresh	B.useful	C.correct	D.direct
（4）A.hide	B.beat	C.push	D.find
（5）A.safety	B.holiday	C.discussion	D.exercise
（6）A.faster	B.larger	C.busier	D.quieter
（7）A.secret	B.interest	C.peace	D.record
（8）A.age	B.number	C.time	D.speed
（9）A.counting	B.jumping	C.dancing	D.swimming
（10）A.mix	B.like	C.ask	D.know

Blue whales are the largest animals in the world．But they are amazing（1） 　　because of their huge size， but their slow heartbeat．

For the first time， scientists have researched the（2） 　　of a blue whale．They found （3） 　　when blue whales dive（潜水） for food， their heart rates（心率） are as（4） 　　as 2 beats per （每） minute（bpm）．Scientists used to（5） 　　that their diving heart rate was 15 bpm．When the whales go to the ocean's（6） 　　to breathe， their heart rate is between 25 and 37 bpm．

Usually， the larger an animal is，（7） 　　its heart beats， since it takes more time to pump （输送） blood around（8） 　　body．Shrews， the smallest mammals（哺乳动物） ， have a heart rate of up to 1，000 bpm．Humans usually stay between 60 and 100 bpm．

（9） 　　slowing their heart rate， blue whales can send more blood to the muscles（肌肉） that they use（10） 　　．These muscles become stronger， allowing the whales to dive for longer periods of time．

（1）A．neither	B．either	C．not only	D．although
（2）A．heartbeat	B．body size	C．diving	D．food
（3）A．it	B．that	C．once	D．if
（4）A．many	B．little	C．fast	D．slow
（5）A．regard	B．expect	C．think	D．doubt
（6）A．bottom	B．surface	C．center	D．side
（7）A．the slower	B．slower	C．the faster	D．faster
（8）A．it's	B．its	C．his	D．her
（9）A．By	B．In	C．On	D．At
（10）A．to pump blood	B．to eat	C．to breathe	D．to dive

   

promise    million   it     world     break    write     fine

April 15th was a sad day for France． A fire （1） 　　out in Notre Dame （巴黎圣母院）， a centuries﹣old cathedral （大教堂） in the heart of Paris． The cathedral's spire （尖顶） and a large part of （2） 　　roof （屋顶） were broken． French President Macron has （3） 　　that the French people will rebuild the cathedral together．

Built between 1163 and 1250， Notre Dame is one of the （4） 　　examples of French Gothic architecture （哥特式建筑）． The cathedral is home to many valuable works of art and is one of the （5） 　　most famous tourist places． There are （6） 　　of people visiting it every year．

In 1831， French novelist Victor Hugo （7） 　　The Hunchback of Notre Dame （《巴黎圣母院》）． The great building plays a major role in the novel．

Whenever the exam season comes， stress （焦虑） may come along． Here are some（1） 　　that have helped me and my friends through this season．

When the stress of exams is really hitting me， I stop and take a walk． I usually borrow my neighbor's dog and （2） 　　for about fifteen minutes． Many boys would simply choose to run for a while， or play ball games． Having some（3） 　　drives away your stress easily most of the time．

And（4） 　　you find music helpful， give it a go． Listening to your favorite songs will surely make you（5） 　　．The best thing about this is that you don't have to go（6） 　　．

But if you are a book lover just like me，（7） 　　a book you like for half an hour． Reading can take you to places you've （8） 　　been． Putting yourself into a new world helps you forget your stress in this world for a little bit．

For sure， there's nothing better than laughing．Laughing is the best medicine．It can really keep （9） 　　off your mind! Very often I call my best friend and we（10） 　　our good times or something funny， and I'm feeling better before I know it．

Remember many others also face the problem of stress just like you， and it is not something that cannot be dealt with．

（1）A． ways	B． reasons	C． habits	D． results
（2）A． walk	B． jump	C． stand	D． sit
（3）A． jokes	B． sports	C． tasks	D． lessons
（4）A． before	B． until	C． since	D． if
（5）A． lovely	B． friendly	C． happy	D． sleepy
（6）A． somewhere	B． everywhere	C． anywhere	D． nowhere
（7）A． copy	B． write	C． print	D． read
（8）A． ever	B． never	C． seldom	D． always
（9）A． worry	B． pity	C． surprise	D． pain
（10）A． think about	B． talk about	C． care about	D． hear about

Once there was a king and his daughter． The king asked his daughter how much she loved him． She said that she loved him as much as the loved（1） 　　． Her answer made the king very happy． Salt is simple thing， （2） 　　it is very important． So the king thought his daughter cared a lot about him．

Salt has many（3） 　　． Our bodies need salt． If we don't have enough， our bodies can't work properly． We put salt on icy roads to make them（4） 　　． We also use salt to produce other products， like paper and glass． But for many years， salt's most important job was to（5） 　　food． Like other living things， most bacteria（细菌） need water to live． Salt takes in plenty of water， so most bacteria（细菌） can not live（6） 　　a salty environment． As a result， salt protects food and many other things． For much of human history， this ability has made salt（7） 　　．Every ancient culture from Egypt to China depended on salt． Even today， the hard﹣working ，useful people are（8） 　　as "the salt of the earth"．

For centuries， salt was also hard to （9） 　　． Its usefulness， together with rarity（稀有） made it very expensive． Salt could even be used like（10） 　　． In fact， the word salary （薪水） comes from the word salt．

Today， salt is used more widely and it still plays an important role in our life．

（1）A． salt	B． air	C． gold	D． sugar
（2）A． or	B． so	C． and	D． but
（3）A． forms	B． secrets	C． uses	D． skills
（4）A． wide	B． safe	C． smooth	D． thick
（5）A． protect	B． provide	C． produce	D． prepare
（6）A． in	B． outside	C． for	D． without
（7）A． hopeful	B． comfortable	C．valuable	D． successful
（8）A． saved	B． dreamed	C． invited	D． described
（9）A． sell	B． get	C． take	D． keep
（10）． money	B． medicine	C． earth	D． food