The word doping is probably from the Dutch word dop, the name of an alcoholic drinks make of grape skins used by Zulu soldiers in order to encourage their bravery in battle. The term became current around the turn of the 20th century, originally referring to illegal drugging of racehorses. In 1928 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) became the first to ban the use of doping. A reliable test method was finally introduced in 1974.
The practice of enhancing athletes’ performance through foreign substance or other artificial means, however, is as old as competitive sport itself. The most famous doping case of the 1980s concerned Ben Johnson, the 100-meter champion who tested positive for stanozolol(司坦咗醇) at the Olympic Games in Seoul, 1988.
The main front in the anti-doping war has rapidly shifted to blood doping since 1970s. Blood doping is the practice of adding red blood cells to the bloodstream in order to improve athletes’ performance. The blood is usually processed in order to create a concentration of red blood cells, and then freeze them until needed for transfusion(输血) back into the athlete shortly before the event. The extra red blood cells will deliver more oxygen and other essential elements to the athlete’s muscle tissues.
Just like any other problem, the only way to solve it is through education. Many high school sports programs now have people come in to talk to them about out the dangers of performance-enhancing drugs. Young players must be fully clear on the rules and what substances are banned. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has an easily accessible list of what substances are banned, how they are tested for and why they are banned on its website. This way, young players are clear on what they can put in their bodies. This is also a good way to educate players on the danger of the substances they may be tempted to use.The word “enhancing” in the first sentence of the second paragraph means “_____”.
| A．showing | B．directing | C．upsetting | D．improving |
What can we know from the third paragraph?
| A．Blood doping is transferring one man’s blood into another |
| B．Only blood doping exists in the anti-doping war in the 1970s. |
| C．Blood doping is easy to be found and controlled by organizations. |
| D．More oxygen in the blood helps improve an athlete’s performance. |
The word “people” in the second sentence of the fourth paragraph probably refers to _____.
| A．teachers who teach P.E. lessons at school |
| B．experts who do research in doping |
| C．young people easy to be addicted to doping |
| D．athletes involved in doping |
Which statement best matches the last paragraph?
| A．Prevention is better than cure. |
| B．Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. |
| C．The best horse needs breaking, and the cleverest child needs teaching. |
| D．A little learning is a dangerous thing. |
—So many cases about football violence recently!
—Yes, it is difficult to let the football fans keep _____.
| A．as sharp as a spear | B．as sly as a fox |
| C．as tall as a tree | D．as cool as a cucumber |
“I think we need to pay more attention to the artistic and cultural work that goes on in every neighborhood in this city,” Ms Martin said. “We are part of _____ makes New York unique.”
| A．what | B．that | C．which | D．it |
—What do you think of the 2012 Spring Festival Gala?
—Well, great! But I don’t think much of _____ held last year.
| A．the one | B．it | C．one | D．which |
Long long time ago, there was a mountain. At the top of the mountain___________, in which an old monk used to tell stories.
| A．a temple stood | B．is there a temple | C．stood a temple | D．a temple was there |
I passed all the other courses that I took at my university, but I could have never passed botany. This was because all botany students had to spend several hours a week in a laboratory looking through a microscope at plant cells, and I could never once see a cell through a microscope. This used to make my professor angry. He would wander around the laboratory pleased with the progress all the students were making in drawing the structure of flower cells, until he came to me. I would just be standing there. “I can’t see anything,”I would say. He would begin patiently enough, explaining how anybody can see through a microscope, but he would always end up angrily, claiming that I could too see through a microscope but just pretended that I couldn’t. “It takes away from the beauty of flowers anyway.”I used to tell him.“We are not concerned with beauty in this course,”he would say.“We are concerned with the structure of flowers.” “Well,” I’d say.“I can’t see anything.” “Try it just once again,” he’d say, and I would put my eye to the microscope and see nothing at all, except now and again something unclear and milky. “You were supposed to see a clear, moving plant cells shaped like clocks.” “I see what looks like a lot of milk.” I would tell him. This, he claimed, was the result of my not having adjusted the microscope properly, so he would readjust it for me, or rather, for himself. And I would look again and see milk.
I failed to pass botany that year, and had to wait a year and try again, or I couldn’t graduate. The next term the same professor was eager to explain cell-structure again to his classes. “Well,”he said to me, happily, “we’re going to see cells this time, aren’t we?” “Yes,sir,” I said. Students to the right of me and to the left of me and in front of me were seeing cells; what’s more, they were . Of course, I didn’t see anything.
So the professor and I tried with every adjustment of the microscope known to man. With only once did I see anything but blackness or the familiar milk, and that time I saw, to my pleasure and amazement, something like stars. These I hurriedly drew. The professor, noting my activity, came to me, a smile on his lips and his eyebrows high in hope. He looked at my cell drawing. “What’s that?”he asked.“That’s what I saw,”I said.“You didn’t, you didn’t, you didn’t!”he screamed, losing control of himself immediately, and he bent over and looked into the microscope. He raised his head suddenly. “That’s your eye!”he shouted.“You’ve adjusted the microscope so that it reflects!You’re drawn your eye!”Why couldn’t the writer see the flower cells through the microscope? .
| A．Because he had poor eyesight |
| B．Because the microscope didn’t work properly |
| C．Because he was not able to adjust the microscope properly |
| D．Because he was just playing jokes on his professor by pretending not to have seen it |
What does the writer mean by “his eyebrows high in hope”in the last paragraph?
| A．His professor expected him to have seen the cells and drawn the picture of them |
| B．His professor hoped he could perform his task with attention |
| C．His professor wished him to learn how to draw pictures |
| D．His professor looked forward to seeing all his students finish their drawings |
What is the thing like stars that the writer saw in the last paragraph?
| A．Real stars | B．His own eye |
| C．Something unknown | D．Milk |
In what writing style did the writer write the passage?
| A．Realistic | B．Romantic | C．Serious | D．Humorous |
Now let's look ourselves as a species in relation to ecosystem balance.Modern scientists believe that humankind, like other animals, evolved(进化) through millions of years of changes and adaptations to the environment and that our most direct evolutionary ancestor was probably an earlier species of the primate(monkey, ape) group. Despite this similarity with other creatures, however, the evolution of humankind differs from that of other species in one important and unique way.
In other species, evolution has led to specialization, both in the species abilities and in its place within the environmental structure. For example, the giraffe is much adapted to feeding on treetops, but it is also specialized and thus limited to feeding on trees and shrubs. Only with great difficulty can it bend down to graze on the ground. Similarly, the anteater is extremely well adapted to eating ants but is unable to catch or eat other animals. The same is true for countless other species.
For humankind it is opposite. Our evolution had led to a very generalized ability. Our highly developed intelligence and ability to make and handle tools mean that we can do almost anything. Humans evolved in such a way that we are able to move into every environment on Earth and even into space. No natural competitor offers great resistance, and other natural enemies such as disease have been controlled.
Said another way, we see in humankind a great imbalance between biological potential and environmental resistance. The result is the rapidly increasing world population, frequently referred to as the population explosion. Further, to support our growing population, natural ecosystems are being increasingly displaced by human habitations, agriculture, and other human supporting activities.From the passage we can infer that in the course of evolution _______.
| A．humankind is very important to earlier species, such as the primate group |
| B．human beings are limited by the environment while animals are not |
| C．human beings become more and more different from each other |
| D．humankind has experienced a generalization rather than specialization in ability |
According to the passage, primate includes such animals as _______.
| A．monkeys and anteaters | B．tigers and apes |
| C．apes and monkeys | D．monkeys and giraffes |
According to the passage, evolution has made it possible for humans to _______.
| A．increase the population |
| B．resist natural offers |
| C．go to the moon |
| D．cure all diseases |
According to the author, imbalance between biological potential and environ mental resistance has resulted in _______.
| A．the population explosion |
| B．the destruction of human habitations |
| C．the growth of natural ecosystem |
| D．the specialization of humans |
I have had my bike , and I’m going to have somebody my radio tomorrow.
| A．repair; to repair |
| B．repairing; to be repaired |
| C．repaired; repair |
| D．to repair; repairing |
短文中有10处语言错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下方写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
What should you do when your parents become angrily? If your parents got mad, try to have a conversation with them about it. Remembering not to shout at them. They usually will try to change. But they will take some times to change because they always get angry, and that is all they know. You might have to change for your method a couple of times. Do any nice things for your parents that they don’t expect — like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. If this doesn’t work, bring in friend that you feel comfortable, and have him or her help you.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Here are two types of cars may some day take place of today’s big cars. If all the people drive such cars in the future, there will be fewer pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in the cities, but the streets will be less crowded. Three such cars can fit in the space now need by one car of the usually size. The little cars will cost much less to own and drive. Drive will be safer, too, though these little cars can go only 65 kilometers per hour. But it will not be of any use for long trips.
October 31, 2009, California
Tsien Hsue-shen, PhD'39, one of the founders of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, died on October 31, He was 98.
Tsien, born in the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou, graduated from the National Qinghua University in 1934 and in August of 1935 he left China to study at the Massachusetts Institute Technology. In 1936 he went to the California Institute of Technology to commence graduate studies .Tsien obtained his doctor degree in 1939 and would remain at Caltech for 20 years, becoming the Goddard Professor and establishing a reputation as one of the leading rocket scientists in the United States.
In 1943, Tsien and two others in the Caltech rocketry group drafted the first document to use the name Jet Propulsion Laboratory. During the Second World War, he was amongst the other scientists participated the "Manhattan Project" .After World War II he served as a consultant to the United States Army Air Force. During this time, Conlonel Tsien worked on designing an intercontinental space plane. His work would inspire the X--20Dyna-Soar which would later be the inspiration for the Space Shuttle. In1945 Tsien Hsue--shen married Jiang Ying, the daughter of Jiang Baili--one of the Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai--shen's leading military strategists. But in 1950, the Chinese-born scientist was accused of harboring Communist sympathies and stripped of his security clearance.
In September 1955 he was permitted to leave for China, where Tsien resumed his research, founded the Institute of Mechanics, and went on to become the father of China's missile program, a trusted member of the government and Party's inner circle, and the nation's most honored scientist, Tsien retired in 1991 and has maintained a low public profile in Beijing, China. The PRC government launched its manned space program in 1992 and used Tsien's research as the basis for the Long March rocket which successfully launched the Shenzhou V mission in October of 2003.The elderly Tsien was able to watch China's first manned space mission on television from his hospital bed.
In his late years, since the 1980s, Tsien devoted himself to spirituality research, and advocated scientific investigation of traditional Chinese medicine, Qigong and "special human body functions".The underlined word "commence" in this passage probably means ____
| A．make up | B．get | C．begin | D．promise |
Tsien Hsue--shen got married at the age of ______
| A．45 | B．28 | C．24 | D．34 |
What is the right order of the events related to Tsien Hsue--shen ?
a. his later life b. return to China c. career in the U.S.A d. his early life and education
| A．a-b-c-d | B．d-c-b-a | C．d-b-c-a | D．c-b-d-a |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．Tsien Hsue--shen got a doctor's degree in 1939. |
| B．Tsien Hsue--shen married Jiang Ying, the daughter of Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shen. |
| C．Tsien Hsue-shen has made a contribution to the Space Shuttle. |
| D．Tsien Hsue-shen was interested in traditional Chinese medicine, qigong and "special human body functions" in his later life. |
In 1898 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened America, killing over 30,ooo people in less than four minutes. In the middle of complete damage and disorder, a father rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, 26 that the building was 2 7.
After the unforgettably shock, he 28 the promise he had made to his son: “ No matter 29 happens, I’ll always be there for you!” And tears began to 30 his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his 31 to his son. He rushed there and started 32 the ruins.
As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived , 33 : “It’s too late ! They are all dead! 34 , face reality; there’s nothing you can do!” To each parent he responded with 35 : “Are you going to help me now? ”No one helped. And then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.
Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know 36 : “Is my boy 37 or he is dead?” He dug for eight hours … 12 hours…36 hours…then , in 38 hour , he pulled back a large stone and heard his son’s 39 . He screamed his son’s name, “ARMAND!” He heard back, “Dad!?! It’s me, Dad! I told other kids not to worry. I told them that if you were alive, you 40 me and 41 you saved me, they’d be saved. You promised, ‘No matter what happens, I’ll always be there for you!’ You did it, Dad!”
“What’s going on in there? ”the father asked
“There are 14 of us 42 43 33,Dad. We’re scared, hungry, thirsty and thankful you are here. When the building collapsed, it made 44 , and it saved us.”
“Come out , boy!”
“No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, 45 I know you’ll get me! No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me!”
A．only discovering B．only to discover C．only realizing D．only to realize.
A．as flat as a pancake B．as high as a mountain C．as strong as an ox D．as weak as a kitten
A．memorized B．forgot C．kept D．remembered
A．what B．that C．which D．who
A．fill B．fill in C．come D．burst
A．picture B．promise C．present D．encourage
A．digging B．digging through C．digging out D．digging into
A．to say B．said C．and saying D．saying
A．Come out B．Come again C．Come on D．Come off
A．one word B．one sound C．one row D．one line
A．for himself B．of himself C．by himself D．to himself
A．live B．living C．alive D．lively
A．38 B．the 38
A．sound B．voice C．noise D．tone
A．if B．because C．even if D．though
A．remained B．missing C．left D．gone
A．for B．behind C．out of D．over
A．a promise B．space C．room D．a triangle
A．because B．though C．when D．even though
China has become Volvo's third largest market, with more of its car models to go on sale in the world's largest auto（汽车） market this year, Chief Executive Office (CEO) of Volvo Cars China said in Tianjin.
Alexander Klose, CEO of Volvo Cars China, told Xinhua at the Ninth Tianjin International Automobile Trade Show, being held from Friday to Wednesday.
Klose said Volvo Cars had entered a new time of fast development, adding that its sales volume in China roared in 2010.
Up to the end of September, Volvo's global sales volume was up 12.5 percent year on year（同年比）, compared with 52 percent year-on-year rise in China, he said.
Two new Volvo sales centers opened in Beijing within merely one week in early October, about two months after east China's ZhejiangGeely Holding Group Co acquired（购得）the Swedish brand from the US auto giant Ford for $1.5 billion in early August.
Klose said he was confident of seeing tremendous(巨大的) growth in China's auto market in the next five years. "As the Chinese government has increased the tax rate for large displacement （排量）cars already, we now have a lot of cars below three liters（升）, and I think we'll stick to that strategy, as you can see now the XC60 which was introduced today is just two liters," he said.
"As the technology advances, we'll probably even see 1.6 liter engines or 1.5 liter engines in the future," he added.
Volvo Cars is not the only automaker hoping to take advantage of China's rapidly growing auto market.
Bentley, the famous British luxury（豪华） carmaker, will open a new sales center in China at Tianjin Thursday, which is the 11th one in China, according to a press release（新闻发布） by Shanghai-based Zenith Integrated Communications Corp (Zenith) Saturday at the auto show.
Zenth is the public relations agent of Bentley in China. The automaker has sold 421 limousines（大型豪华轿车） to China in 2009, and the goal for 2010 is 777, the release said.The word underlined in the third paragraph would probably be___.
| A．shouted loudly | B．increased in large numbers |
| C．reduced rapidly | D．burned brightly |
From this passage we can infer that ___.
| A．The Ninth Tianjin International Automobile Trade Show was held from Friday to Wednesday. |
| B．Volvo Cars is a world-famous carmaker in Britain. |
| C．Of all the auto sales volume Volvo sales volume is only number one in China |
| D．Volvo sales centers are developing very fast in China recently |
The text is mainly about____.
| A．China Becomes Volvo's 3rd largest market |
| B．Volvo Cars in China |
| C．Volvo Sales Volume in China |
| D．Carmakers in China |
How many carmakers are mentioned in this passage which opened and will open new sales centers in China recently?
| A．One | B．Two | C．Three | D．Four |
阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求回答问题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[l]Fear and pain are two of the most useful things that human beings and animals have, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child would burn himself again and again, because fear would not warn himself to keep away from the fire that had burnt himself before. A really fearless soldier is not a good soldier because he will soon be killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which human beings and animals might soon die out.
[2] In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: A plane may crash on your house, or you may get cancer!
[3] The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but to use fear as your servant and guide instead. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take.
[4] In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you. Fear warns you, then you jump out of the way, and all is well.
[5] In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to ___________. For example, you can’t prevent a plane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear is no longer of any use, and you have to try to overcome it.What is mainly talked about in this passage? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 2? (no more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________________Why does the author say that a fearless soldier is not a good soldier? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________What benefit can we get from “fear” according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
下面文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在该句下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A Frenchman was once visiting London．He wished to take a walk to see a city．But he was afraid he might get lost because he knew no words of English．So before he left his hotel, he stopped in the first corner and carefully copied in his notebook the names of the street that he was staying．Then he walked on．At last, he got being lost．After several hours he found a policeman．The Frenchman tried his best to explain the policeman that he didn’t know the name of his hotel, and he knew the name of the street．He then showed the policeman that he copied in his notebook．It was read: “One-way street”．
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