高中英语阅读表达试题

阅读下面短文，请根据文后的要求进行答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）
I like watching TV very much for I think it has many advantages. First of all, watching TV is a good rest. After a day of hard work, we need a good rest. The pleasant music and interesting TV plays can make our mind and body not tired any more. Besides, watching TV is entertaining. There are many kinds of entertainments, such as sports activities, singing and dancing concerts, plays and the activities within a short time. We need at least ten hours to fly from New York to Paris, a week by train from Beijing to Moscow and an hour to drive from Queens Distric to Manhattan Distric. _________, within just one second, TV can bring us from an NBA game in New York to a fashion show in Paris by changing the channels.
Most importantly, watching TV is educational. Our children can learn every kind of subjects through the educational programs and the special reports on TV, and it’s easy for them to learn Chinese from a Chinese teacher in Beijing and to learn Russian lessons from a Russian teacher in Moscow. Even we can learn how to behave well from the TV plays. Meanwhile, a teacher can teach millions of students without a huge classroom.
What’s the best title for the text ? (no more than 8 words)
__________________________________________________________________________.
According to the writer, what’s the most important reason for watching TV? (no more than l2 words)
__________________________________________________________________________.
Why can watching TV make us have a good rest? (no more than 18 words)
__________________________________________________________________________.
What does the underlined word “ them” in the second paragraph refer to? (no more than 2 words)
__________________________________________________________________________.
Fill in the blank in the first Paragraph (l word)
__________________________________________________________________________.

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
【1】Sometime early in the next century, human beings will move into habitats on Mars. They will live there for about a year, and then will be replaced with another set of pioneers. The establishment of this base on Mars will advance our knowledge of the solar system and aid in our understanding of the earth.
【2】We already know that Mars is like the earth in many ways: general size; presence of water; length of day; range of temperatures. These similarities have caused many people to consider a century-long project: to terraform Mars. Terraforming means changing a planet’s surface so that Earth’s life forms can survive there. This concept, previously found only in science fiction is now being seriously considered by scientists.
【3】Terraforming Mars is theoretically simple: add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earth’s plants and animals in the order in which they developed on Earth. But it will take at least 300 years.
【4】Some people think that such a project is too huge for humans to accomplish, but there are very good reasons to make the attempt. The earth now contains some 7 billion people, and no one knows how many humans the earth can support. Our very existence and numbers are threatening many other species with extinction. We also have had some experience with terraforming our own planet: changing the landscape, the atmosphere and the climate. At present, we are aware of the importance of terraforming the earth as we try to control global warming, air and water pollution, and protect some natural habitats.
【5】While the future of such a project is daunting(令人生畏的), it is not impossible. Even if earth-bound societies come and go in the next 300 years, the project can continue through the work of the Mars settlers without the need for constant backing from earth.
【6】The future existence of humanity may very well depend on our ability to terraform Mars.
What’s the purpose of establishing a base on Mars in the 1st paragraph? ( not more than 12 words)
                                                                            
List three ways Mars is like the earth. ( not more than 9 words)
                                                                           
What’s the author’s attitude towards the project? (1 word)
                                                                            
What does the future existence of humanity most probably rely on? ( not more than 6 words)
                                                                           
What’s the main idea of this passage? (not more than 8 words)
                                                                           

阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题·（请注意问题后的词数要求）
【1】Classroom programs designed to improve elementary school students' social and emotional skills can also increase reading and math achievement, even if academic improvement is not a direct goal of the skills building, according to a study to be published this month in American Educational Research Journal.
【2】The benefit holds true for students across a range of social-economic backgrounds. In the study, "Efficacy of the Responsive Classroom Approach: Results from a Three Year, Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial," the researchers looked specifically at Responsive Classroom (RC), a widely-used social and emotional learning intervention(介入方式).
【3】The study is among just a handful of randomized controlled trials that have examined the effect of social and emotional learning interventions on student achievement.
【4】"We find that at the very least, supporting students' social and emotional growth in the classroom does not interfere with academic learning," said Rimm-Kaufman, professor at the University of Virginia Curry School of Education. "When teachers receive adequate levels of training and support, using practices that support students' social and emotional growth actually boosts achievement."
【5】Math and reading gains were similar among those students who qualified for free and reduced-priced lunch and those who were not.
【6】"The success of many curricula(课程)requires that teachers use effective classroom management and develop student confidence and autonomy(自主)," said Rimm-Kaufman. "Our trial of the Responsive Classroom approach suggests that teachers who take the time to foster relationships in the classroom and support children's self-control actually promote student achievement."
【7】"In a time of intense academic demands, many critics question the value of spending time on teaching social skills, building classroom relationships and supporting student autonomy," said Rimm-Kaufman. "Our research shows that time spent supporting children's social and emotional abilities can be a very wise investment."
What’s the main idea of the passage? (no more than 10)
____________________________________________
What skills were improved according to the study? (no more than 4)
____________________________________________
How do the researchers carry out the study? (no more than 6)
____________________________________________
What do critics question about the study? (no more than 15)
_____________________________________________
What’s the purpose of the passage? (no more than 6)

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意每题的词数要求）。
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we’re kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don’t just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures.
Some of these differences may be only on the surface—dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate, while getting on with business.
Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality(准时). If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock, your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
Why was the author unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1?(within 12 words)
If one wants to work in foreign countries, what should he do first? (within 12 words)
What attracts people’s attention to the cultural differences? (within 5 words)
Who are usually punctual when invited to a party the people? (within 2 words)
According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences? (within 7 words)

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写在横线上（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1]Perhaps you are an average student with average intelligence. However, you can receive better grades if you want. Yes, even students with average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Here’s how:
[2]Plan your time carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule of your time. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments. Of course, studying shouldn’t occupy all of the free time on the schedule.
[3]Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
[4]Skim before you read. Look over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recognize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improve your comprehension as well.
[5]_____, Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material, too. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on tests.
[6]Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t worry excessively about a single test.
[7]There are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Improving your studying habits will improve your grades.
What’s the main idea of the passage?(no more than 8 words)
___________________________________________________________________
What should you do if you fail a test?(no more than 4 words)
___________________________________________________________________
Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
___________________________________________________________________
According to the passage, how can an average student improve his/her grades?(no more than 6 words)
___________________________________________________________________
What does the word “it”(line 4, paragraph 5)probably refer to?(no more than 3 words)
____________________________________________________________________

More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.
Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.
So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.
All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.
Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you're your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?
Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

1．	Bothin some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.

2．	Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.

3．	With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to.

4．	According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporationswhile making profits.

If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don't feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.
Dr. Henry Winkle wrote an article in a recent newspaper, which indicates that_____________. Dr. Winkle says, "The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night's sleep," he adds, "we can often find the energy to deal with what's worrying us."
So, what is a good night's sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours in about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.
Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. "When you put the light out," Dr. Winkle says, "concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you'll be asleep before you know it."
What is the best title of the text? (Please answer within 10 words)
Which sentence in the text can be replaced by the following one?
People shouldn't go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.
Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)
Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find some arguments from the text against the idea. (Please answer within 30 words)
Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 into Chinese.

The "Monster of Lake Tianchi" in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin province, northeast China, is back in the news after several recent sightings. The director of a local tourist office, Meng Fanying, said the monster, which seemed to be black in colour, was ten metres from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting. "It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it," he said. Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature, Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse.
In another recent sighting, a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water. The soldiers, who were walking along the side of the lake, watched the creature swimming for about two minutes. "It was greenish-black and had a round head with 10-centimetre horns", one of the soldiers said.
A third report came from Li Xiaohe, who was visiting the lake with his family. He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. After three or four hundred metres it dived into the water. Ten minutes later the monster appeared again and repeated the action. Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm.
There have been reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the beginning of the last century, although no one has seen one close up. Some photos have been taken but they are not clear because it was too far away. Many people think the monster may be a distant cousin of the Loch Ness monster in Scotland. They also think that there might be similar creatures in other lakes around the world. Scientists, however, are sceptical. They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.
Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world. It is 2,189 metres high and covers an area of about ten square kilometres. In places it is more than 370 metres deep.
How many sightings of the monster does the article report?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Who saw the monster clearly, and why?
_______________________________________________________________________________
Which description of the monster is most detailed?
_______________________________________________________________________________
When was the monster first sighted?
_______________________________________________________________________________
What is special about Lake Tianchi?
_______________________________________________________________________________

Stress is a condition that arises due to tension and other related factors. Although modem life has brought about many positive changes in our lives. yet there is one thing it has contributed greatly to, and that is mental and physical stress. Many stressful situations arise in our everyday life and in such situations it becomes hard to remain calm. There are various tips and techniques that can help one overcome stress.
One of the most advocated stress management techniques is breathing exercises. It can be done at any time of the day and at any place. Irregular, shallow breathing is observed when a person is stressed. So one must concentrate or their breathing pattern and try to take deep and regular breaths. Deep breathing is one of the best ways to alleviate stress. When a person takes deep breaths, an extra amount of oxygen enters the body. This inflow (流入) of oxygen helps in relaxing the muscles ,of the body, calming the mind as well as waking up the brain. thereby easing the person's stress that he is going through.
A well-balanced diet is crucial for maintaining healthy and helping to manage stress. A healthy diet involves all the essential nutrition in adequate amounts. Eating a good, healthy and nutritious breakfast is a good way to start your day and keep the energy levels up throughout the day. Eating five small meals instead of three large ones help in keeping a person energized too.     
The most important of all stress management activities is to manage one's time well. To do this, planning ahead is very essential. Doing the most important tasks first, followed by the lesser important ones. will help too. By being consistent with one's work will help in better time management.
Besides the above activities, it is very important that a person gets adequate sleep every day to stay energized throughout the day. Besides, one should also take steps to prevent stress. All these can help to reduce stress and yield positive outcomes.
What stress management tips are mentioned in the passage? (No more than 10 words)
What does the underlined word "alleviate" in paragraph 2 mean? (No more than 10 words)
What are the benefits of deep breaths? (No more than 15 words)
What is a healthy diet? (No more than 15 words)
How can you deal with your stress?(No more than 20 words)

Advertising is used to make something such as a product, service, or idea known to the public. Many types of advertising are used for the purpose of building brands and increasing product sales. Advertising is present everywhere in our daily life.
Print media like magazines and newspapers allows advertisements to reach their readers. Magazines include articles and images intended to attract a specific(特定的)type of consumers. Newspaper advertising is not as effective as it was before because of the appearance of other types of advertisements.
Broadcast advertising includes TV and radio messages. Traditional forms of these types of advertisements are commercials(商业广告)shown during a television program or before a movie. Product placement advertising(植入式广告)is a less obvious way to promote a product. With product placement advertising, companies pay to have their product ‘used’ by an actor or actress in the program. When you see someone in a TV show or movie using a specific brand, this is product placement.
Internet advertising is one of the new types and can be achieved in a number of ways. Flash advertising refers to messages that jump onto your computer screen and often move around. They can be hard to close and are annoying, but a useful way of gaining your attention.
Outdoor advertising often uses advertising boards as its main way. Of course, the type of advertising also includes using cars with messages on them, or large signs placed on the sides of buses. They can also be signs in stadiums drawing the attention of large crowds.
What’s the purpose of advertising? (no more than 8 words)   (2 marks)
______________________________________________________________________
What is product placement advertising? (no more than 11 words)   (2 marks)
______________________________________________________________________
How does flash advertising draw your attention? ( no more than 15 words)  (3 marks)
______________________________________________________________________
What does the passage mainly talk about? (no more than 6 words)      (3 marks)
______________________________________________________________________

第一节 阅读表达(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面的短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
［1］Teenage depression isn't just bad moods and occasional sadness．Depression is a serious problem that impacts on every aspect of a teen’s life．Left untreated，teen depression can lead to problems at home and school，drug abuse，self-loathing…even irreversible(不能挽救的)tragedy such as homicidal violence or suicide．
［2］Fortunately，teenage depression ______________ and as a concerned parent，teacher，or friend，there are many things you can do to help．You can start by learning the symptoms of depression and expressing concern when you spot warning signs．Talking about the problem and offering support can go a long way toward getting your teenager back on track．
［3］There are as many misconceptions about teen depression as there are about teenagers in general. Yes，the teen years are tough，but most teens balance the troubles with good friendships，success in school or outside activities，and the development of a strong sense of self．Occasional bad mood or acting out is t o be expected，but depression is something different．Depression can destroy the very essence of a teenager’s personality， causing an overwhelming sense of sadness，despair，or anger．
［4］If you’re unsure whether all adolescent in your life is depressed or just”being a teenager”，consider how long the symptoms have been present，how severe they are，and how different the teen is acting from his or her usual self．While some“growing pains”are to be expected as teenagers fight with the challenges of growing up，dramatic，long lasting changes in personality， mood，or behavior are red flags of a deeper problem．
［5］If you suspect that a teenager in your life is suffering from depression，take action fight away. Depression is very damaging when left untreated，so don’t wait and hope that the symptoms will go away．Even if you’re unsure that depression is the issue，the troublesome behaviors and emotions you’re seeing in your teenager are signs of a problem．Whether or n ot that problem turns out to be depression，it still needs to be addressed —the sooner the better．
What does this passage mainly talk about?(no more than 4 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words．(no more than 6 words）
_______________________________________________________________________
How would a teenage feel if he or she were suffering depression?(no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
What are the warnings of worsening depression?(no more than 15 words）
_______________________________________________________________________
What would you do if you found your child with signs of depression?(no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________

阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。(满分15分)
Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They took little notice of the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them and the conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.
Of course, sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, there were inquiries into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquires, however, the  new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.
Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers. In the U.S., for example, there is a department which examines new planes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. The third department looks at the places where people work, and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness, but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.
What had bad effects on the health of the workers? (No more than 6 words)
                                                                                          
In what ways do the departments protect customers and workers? (No more than 20 words)
                                                                                          
Please explain the underlined phrase "took little notice of" in the lst paragraph in English. (No more than 5 words)
                                                                                          
What is the passage mainly about? (No more than 15 words)
                                                                                          
Do you think our working or living place is safer and cleaner than before? Give one or two examples.(No more than 20 words)
                                                                                          
                                                                                          

[1]It is now possible to watch live sport on television on any day of the week，and the current amount of reporting will undoubtedly increase further in years to come. This is certainly having an influence on the live sports events themselves, and there are both benefits and shortcomings to this.
[2]Why has there been such growth in televised sport？For one thing, with digital broadcasting, there are now many more TV channels than there were even ten years ago. Moreover, sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.
[3]What are the benefits of this state of affairs？One obvious advantage to the profession is the addition of money provided by television companies. Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries. Less popular sports also receive money that can be used in training and awareness raising. What’s more，there is a health benefit to some of the population，because through televised sport, more people have become interested in actually playing sport.
[4]However, ________ if so much sport is on television. Considering football again, many small clubs have suffered financial losses recently, as they cannot compete with the large ones. There has been a general falling in ticket sales, especially among smaller clubs. Fewer people attend live matches nowadays, preferring to watch from the comfort of their living room. And ticket prices have risen greatly.
[5]To sum up, while televised sport has created many opportunities and benefited certain people and clubs very much, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports events for ever.
What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________
Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph 2. (no more than 3 words)
There has been a great increase in TV channels in the past few years with the help of ___________________________________________________________________________________
Point out the advantage of televised sport which does not concern money in Paragraph 3. (no more than 3 words)
_________________________________________________________________
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.  (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________
What does t he word “it” (Line 2，Paragraph 5) probably refer to？(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________________________

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.
The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.
In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”, says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.
Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition(点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.
But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.
If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.
Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than 12 Words)
The remote immobilizer is fitted to a car to ____________________________________.
By saying “But only if the car is more than 10 years old”, Martyn Randall means that _____________________________________________________________.
Why modern cars are far tougher to steal?
_______________________________________________________________________.
What will the operations center do first after receiving an alarm?
_______________________________________________________________________.

What would Barbie look like if she were average?
According to US artist Nickolay Lamm, she would be a brunette with a rounded face and a much thicker waist．
Frustrated with the unrealistic beauty standards of Barbie and her friends, Lamm took data from Disease Control and Prevention about an average 19-year-old American woman, who is about 163 cm tall, with a 84-cm waist． With those measurements, Lamm created a doll．
The doll-s tagline （口号）is “Average is beautiful．”
“I think a realistic-size doll is important because when I look at current dolls on the market, they all look like supermodels," the artist told APF．  “I just had the impression that the wall of supermodels suggests that something is wrong with you if you don-t look like one．  So I created an alternative to suggest that it’s OK to look like a normal person．"
The Lammily dolls, which are 27 cm tall, have been on sale since last month．
Lammily also has other features． Unlike Barbie and her friends, whose pointed legs would force her to walk on all fours if she were real, Lammily has articulated（枢接的） joints – able to walk, run, and play．  The doll can even be put in a yoga position．
What’s more, the Lammily dolls include a sticker package that can help to add real-life marks to the dolls, including freckles, acne, moles, and tattoos．
“You can also add minor cuts and bruises, like ones you'd get from falling down while snowboarding," Lamm told NBC．
“I feel that, right now．  dolls are very perfect looking,  when,  in real life,  few of us have perfect skin," Lamm told The Huffington Post． “Things like pimples are a natural part of who we are． So, why not give dolls a real treatment?"
As The Huffington． Post said, "Getting kids used to the idea that these things are completely normal and not 6flaws'（缺陷） to be ashamed of can only be a good thing．"
Why did Nickolay Lamm make the Lammily doll? （No more than 14 words） （2 marks）
 
How is the Lammily doll different from Barbie dolls? （No more than 13 words） （3 marks）
 
What does Lamm mean when he says, "why not give dolls a real treatment?" in the second-to-last paragraph? （No more than 1 words） （3 marks）
 
What is the author-s attitude toward Lammily dolls? （No more than 6 words） （2 marks）