In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空
It was a winter morning, just before Christmas, while most people were warming up their cars, my husband, Trevor, had to ride his bike 4 kilometers away from home to work. On his (arrive), he parked his bike outside the back door
usual. After 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone,
was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, and also the bike was used
(get) groceries, saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live. I was so sad
I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, and then called my husband to fetch
. Once again my husband had a way to get to and
his job. It really is
honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. People say that a smile can
(pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect on our lives because it
(strong) our faith in humanity. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others.
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smith: Mary, have you got the result of the exam?
Mary: No. How is it?
Smith: Terrible. It seems that only half of the students passed the final exam.
Mary: Really? The exam _ been very difficultthis time.
Smith: Well, I’m really (surprise) too. There are many students who definitely didn’t fail. According to Carl, there are eight boys in his class who failed,
(include) himself and Gorge.
Mary: Oh! Gorge is of the top students in the college. What about his sister, Catherine? Did she pass?
Smith: Oh, yes. It seems that she (get) good marks.
Mary: That’s (absolute) unbelievable! Gorge was
much better student than his sister, and has been working so hard for the last few months.
Smith: It seems (fair), doesn’t it? But, from
I’ve heard, perhaps he worked too hard. He was ill during the week of the exam.
Mary: Oh, I see. These things happen, sometimes. I suppose the teacher will take his illness into account and give him a pass.
Smith: Well, there is a rumor going around the head of the Department is leaving.
Mary: Because of the bad result, you mean?
Smith: Well, I suppose so. I’m not sure. Maybe Mr. Dustin is going to be the new Department Head.
根据短文内容，在空格中填入一个合适的单词，单词的首字母已给出。
Some humor can be cruel but some people seem to enjoy seeing other people’s bad luck at times. Perhaps it makes us feel more c with our life because we feel there is someone else w
off than ourselves. However, Chaplin made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed. The character in The Little Tramp was a social f
, but he won the love of audience for his determination to o
difficulties and being kind to others. In his film The Gold Rush, Chaplin successfully made a sad situation e
by eating a boiled shoe.
The family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the public male realm（领域）of "rational accomplishment" and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition（直觉）and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的). TV takes public events and transforms them into dramas that are played out in the privacy of our living rooms, kitchens and bedrooms.
Parents used to be the channel through which children learned about the outside world. They could decide what to tell their children and when to tell it to them. Since children learn to read in stages, books provide a kind of natural screening process, where adults can decide what to tell and not tell children of different reading abilities. Television destroyed the system that separated adult from child knowledge and separated information into year-by-year slices for children of different ages. Instead, it presents the same information directly to children of all ages, without going through adult filters.
So television presents a real challenge to adults. While a parent can read a newspaper without sharing it with children in the same room, television is accessible to everyone in that space. And unlike books, television doesn't allow us to flip（翻转）through it and see what's coming up. We may think we're giving our children a lesson in science by having them watch the Challenger take off, and then suddenly they learn about death, disaster and adult mistakes.
Books allow adults to discuss privately what to tell or not tell children. This also allows parents to keep adult material secret from children and keep their secret keeping secret. Take that same material and put it on The Today Show and you have 800,000 children hearing the very things the adults are trying to keep from them. "Television takes our kids across the globe before parents give them permission to cross the street."
More importantly, children gradually learn that adults are worried and anxious about being parents. Actually, television has also places families under a lot of stress.
How Television Changes Childhood?
| Main comparisons |
Contexts |
|
| Distance between __ |
Homes used to be isolated from the ____ |
|
| Homes nowadays are __ |
||
| Media through which children can obtain information |
In the past, children might learn __ |
|
| More information is got directly through TV and other electronic media, which breaks down the __ |
||
| ___ |
Traditionally, kids could only knew what they should learn at their age, carefully___ |
|
| Everything can possibly be known by children, including many aspects of __ |
||
| Effects on family education |
||
| Parental instruction |
Families are now under greater stress than before. Adults are anxious about being parents and faced with new __ |
|
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
In 1945, there was a young boy of 14 in a concentration camp. He was tall, thin but had a bright smile. Every day, ______ young girl came by on the other side of the fence. She noticed the boy and asked him ___
___ he spoke Polish, and he said yes. She said that he looked hungry, and he said he was. She then reached in her pocket and gave him her apple. He thanked her and she went on ___
___ way. The next day, she came by again, ___
___(bring) with her another apple ___
___ she gave him. Each day, she walked by the outside of the fence, hoping to see him, and when she did, she ___
___ (happy) handed him an apple in exchange ___
___ conversation.
One day, he told her not to come by anymore. He told her he ______ (ship) to another concentration camp. As he walked away with tears ___
___ (stream) down his face, he wondered if he’d ever see her again. She was the only kind soul he’d seen across the fence.
______ (late) he got out of the camp and immigrated to America. After several years, a coincident happened.
阅读下面短文，根据以下要求：1）汉语提示；2）首字母提示；3）语境提示, 在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确、拼写正确。（每题1分；共10分）
All the students present, may I have your attention, please? I'm Elizabeth Taylor. As editor of the Voice, I'd like to i you to our school newspaper. We need new hands to help us
can tell the students what's new every day through our newspaper. Experience isn’t quite necessary, but writing and typing skills are in great
. We need people to read our
（文章）to type and check them. We could also use a good photographer and several engineers. Since the Voice comes
five days a week. We need good students who know how to make the
of their time. There’s some money for salaries
on how much work to do, but don't expect to get rich. This isn’t something you do for money. Mostly it's just for fun. Anyone who’s w
to joining us should speak to me
（立刻）after this meeting. Be p
to start right away. Our first paper appears tomorrow.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
ㅤXiao long bao（soup dumplings），those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，（1）＿＿＿＿（taste）soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one，you have to decide whether（2）＿＿＿＿（bite）a small hole in it first，releasing the stream and risking a spill（溢出），（3）＿＿＿＿to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai maybe the （4）＿＿＿＿（recognize）home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently﹣more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed （5）＿＿＿＿hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them （6）＿＿＿＿（lift）out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of （7）＿＿＿＿（they）contents. The meat should be fresh with （8）＿＿＿＿ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious.
ㅤNo matter where I buy them，one steamer is （9）＿＿＿＿（rare）enough，yet two seems greedy，so I am always left （10）＿＿＿＿ （want）more next time.
For thousands of years，people have told fables （寓言）（1） （teach） a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well﹣known Aesop's fables date to the（2） （six） century B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，（3） Rachel Carson says in " A Fable for Tomorrow. "
Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fable.In fact，her style and tone （口吻） are seemingly directed at children. "There was once a town in the heart of America，（4） all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，" her fable begins，（5） （borrow） some familiar words from many age ﹣ old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message （6） （intend） for everyone.
（7） （difference） from traditional fables，Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility（8） saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson's theme is a more weighty（9） （warn） about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still （10） （employ） today to draw attention to important truths.
Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure，and they have diverse 11 （idea）．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 （connect） things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dream．
After reading the passage below ， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word ， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks ， use one word that best fits each blank.
Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa
Nature is full of wonders． In （1） is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature， millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa． The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal （2） they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam， about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar．
Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles， a species （3） （threaten） with extinction， and one of the sites， Gahirmatha，（4） around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year， is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites．
The female turtles drag （5） up the beach from the sea， dig a nest， lay at least one hundred eggs， cover and conceal their eggs and nest， and then return to the sea． The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that （6） （deposit） in the warm sand．
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45 60 days， then the babies grow without their mother， which is a rare phenomenon in nature， Interestingly， it is on the same beach where they were born （7） the females lay their eggs．
In the recent years， sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest （8） （damage） or destroyed． Also， some fierce animals such as dogs and birds （9） （reduce） the number of nesting turtles． And of course man has also had a negative impact （10）
using engine﹣powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds．
Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels" Spell out the hidden message "Meet me."
38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "Meet me" would read "13 5 20 13 5."
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example "bridge" might stand for "meet" and "out" might stand for "me." The message "bridge out" would actually mean "Meet me." 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
| A． |
It is very hard to break a code without the code book. |
| B． |
In any language, some letters are used more than others. |
| C． |
Only people who know the keyword can read the message. |
| D． |
As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. |
| E． |
You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. |
| F． |
With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. |
| G． |
Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. |
Things You Should Insist on No Matter What People Say
Life can get pretty crazy at times． Happiness is dependent upon ourselves，and there are some things in life you should always insist on doing，no matter what others have to say about it．Here is a list of some things you should always do．
1．Learn from your mistakes
No matter what people say，you will make mistakes in your life．Life is a learning process in itself．Some people will make you feel bad about your mistakes，or insult you for making them． Accept your mistakes fully and really figure out what went wrong．
2．Embrace change and creativity
A popular proverb is，“You cannot solve a problem in the same state of consciences that created it．” Change and creativity are vital in today’s world．Things are always changing，so why should we be any different?
3．Appreciate what you have This can take away from our happiness．Sometimes you just need to sit back and be happy about where your life is right now，and what you have to show for it. Sure people might tell you it’s not good enough，but don’t listen to them．It is good enough，and it gives you a sense of pride when you can enjoy the things you already have in life．
4．Listen to your heart
Sometimes you just need to follow your instincts and do what your heart tells you. There are some situations，like relationships，that rely more on your heart than on your head．People will surely tell you differently，but you should always insist on listening to what you want and feel. Again，you are the one who lives with your choices，and you are the one that has to live with the“what ifs．”
Some people succeed, while others may not. This is because some people possess certain qualities, which others do not.
The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, you must be optimistic. If you do not expect to win, you will not try as hard as those who do expect to win. You also need to have a clear aim and a reason for doing something because motivation is a key to achieving success. If you do not have an aim, then you will not be motivated to work hard and put your performance under the microscope to make sure that every detail is right.
Another quality that helps people succeed is creativity---thinking about things in a different way and wondering how others would do the same thing. Think about some successful people you know. They might be successful with a little creativity, but the most successful people are the most creative ones.
Reading is another to success, as it will help you learn about how other people have achieved success. If you want to learn how to set up a successful business, you should read books about people like Bill Gates and Jerry Yang, who have achieved amazing success in their areas of business.
Practicing is equally important if you want to success because practice makes perfect. Practise every day at whatever career you are in, and by doing so, you will see yourself, your business and your self-confidence begin to grow. If you feel confident about what you do, this confidence will make other people believe in you as well. Your colleagues will be happy to work with you, and your boss will give you more responsibility. Finally if you are a successful person, you will be able to look people in the eye and smile confidently.
Success is yours for the taking! Cheers!
根据短文完成下列表格，一空一词。
Title _______
| Certain qualities |
Supporting details |
| ___ |
●Try hard ___ ●Have a clear aim and a reason for doing something because a key to achieving success is __ |
| Creativity |
●____ ●Study how other people would do the ____ |
| Reading |
●Help you know about how ____ ●Read books about |
| Practising |
●____ ●Believe in yourself and do what you want to do ____ |
_____________, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
People will do anything to see a free show---even if it is a bad one. When the news
________________ would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird…
because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone _______________ the station and the pilot was ordered to ________
_______ the strange object.
Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming ____________________.
Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, _________________.
He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state. “What has happened?” she asked. “How did your clothes __________________?”
This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore __________________ until they can be seen no more.
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