高中英语试题

Hundreds of scientists，writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse．Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as"a credible scenario（情景） this century"．

A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapse．Of course，if you are a non-human species，collapse is well underway．

The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germanein this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations．Not very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility．

The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen．Collapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization．Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the"ecological footprint"concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle．With the current footprint of humanity，"it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，"Johnson said in an email．

Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hope to reduce their "speed，severity and harm"．And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored．We all want to hope things will turn out fine．As a poet wrote，

Man is a victi m of dope（麻醉品）

In the incurable form of hope ．

The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着） on quieting hope that ignores preparedness．"Let's look directly into the issue of collapse，"hey say，"and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future．"

28. What does the underlined word "germane" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？

A．	Scientific．	B．	Credible．
C．	Original．	D．	Relevant．

29. As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is__________．

A．	worried	B．	puzzled
C．	surprised	D．	scared

30. What can we learn from this passage？

A．	The signatories may change the biophysical limits．
B．	The author agrees with the message of the poem．
C．	The issue of collapse is being prioritized．
D．	The global collapse is well underway．

I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．

Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits--one kit，one child．

The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget．

In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．

24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？

A．	It would affect his/her initial plans．
B．	It would involve traveling overseas．
C．	It would not bring him/her a good grade．
D．	It would not live up to his/her expectations．

25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？

A．	Images of Iraqi children．	B．	Research by his/her classmates．
C．	A teacher's introduction．	D．	A representative's comments．

26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to__________．.

A．	become OIC volunteers	B．	further their education
C．	study in foreign countries	D．	influence other children

27. What can we conclude from this passage？

A．	One's potential cannot always be underrated．
B．	First impression cannot always be trusted．
C．	Actions speak louder than words．
D．	He who hesitates is lost．

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal for you．

Who can apply ？

 You have completed your full-time university studies；or

 You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree．

 Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution．

What are the requirements ？

 You must be at least 20 years old．

 You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French．

 You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software．

 You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment．

 You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills．

What do you need to prepare ？

 Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas．

 Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship．

 Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period．

 Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work．

 Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form．

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do not respond to every candidate．If selected，you will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful．

21. According to this passage，applicants are required to_________．

A．	hold a master's degree in science
B．	have international work experience
C．	be fluent in either English or French
D．	present a letter from a technical institution

22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？

A．	Limited medical insurance coverage．
B．	Training in communication skills．
C．	A medical certificate for work．
D．	Financial support for travel．

23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？

A．	Contact UNESCO managers．	B．	Get access to the database．
C．	Keep a motivation letter at hand．	D．	Work in a team for six months．

There 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations．From 2000 to 2019，there were7,348 major natural disasters around the world， 19 （result） in USD2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change．The findings show a critical need 20 （invest）in disaster prevention.

Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home 14 a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait for the police to take her home．

Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure，and they have diverse 11 （idea）．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making．When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 （connect） things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dream．

Recently，I took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf．

As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 ．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get 4 ，too．

The train moved on．The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep．A moment later，he began to 6 the half-open window-one leg went over it．The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out．

The 8 woke up the woman．She seemed to be in 9，and then reality dawned （显现）．"Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，"the man said as he gave the child back to her. ．"So I have been watching the whole time．"The woman was 10 ，and so was I．

1.

A．

guiding

B．

bothering

C．

watching

D．

monitoring

2.

A．

adjusted

B．

changed

C．

packed

D．

waved

3.

A．

air

B．

joy

C．

space

D．

rest

4.

A．

nervous

B．

embarrassed

C．

angry

D．

disappointed

5.

A．

almost

B．

still

C．

hardly

D．

even

6.

A．

drag

B．

climb

C．

knock

D．

push

7.

A．

grabbed

B．

rocked

C．

touched

D．

picked

8.

A．

alarm

B．

quarrel

C．

risk

D．

noise

9.

A．

sorrow

B．

relief

C．

panic

D．

pain

10.

A．

astonished

B．

confused

C．

concerned

D．

inspired

Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．

假设你是明启中学的高三学生卢平．学校《英语报》向高三学生进行征文，题目为my teachers．卢平也想投稿．具体要求是：

1． 请你将认识的老师进行分类；

2． 具体描述每一类老师的特征．

在这个村落，人们通常吃到八分饱，但这个健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境．（until）

妈妈设置了六小时响一次的闹钟，提醒自己给宝宝量体温．（reminder）

他们当中有人可能担任过排球教练吗？ （may）

我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪．（make for）

Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．

Becoming an Attractive Employee

The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market． Fast﹣forward to the present， and the economy has not fully recovered． Thus， it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application． And it's especially important for those new to the work force． They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers．

For young people， information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future． As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age， they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field． This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise （专业技能） in technology， marketing and networking． They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask．

Another attractive quality is experience． It's important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal﹣driven responsibilities． Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this． These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team． When hiring committees see this， they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments．

Finally， an attractive quality when job﹣hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job． Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done． But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company， not the other way around．

In fact， in an interview， an important question to ask is： "What would be expected of me as an employee？" In today's tough job market， young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them．

A． The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects． B． Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news． C． Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot． D． Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas． E． Magazines are valuable assets for many people， but in particular to children． F． Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style．

Magazine Articles： More Valuable Than You May Think

Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines． Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium．

Magazine Benefits

Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively， breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more．

The articles in magazines are generally short， which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span． The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read， especially if it is a children's publication．

By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age， you are encouraging development of a useful skill．（1） 　 　Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood．

（2） 　　Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view． Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable． Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend．

Magazine Activities

Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses． When your children are finished with their magazines， encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member．

Once each family member has finished reading each magazine， you can use them for art and writing projects． These projects are for family members of all ages：

1． Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet， numbers， and colors．

2． （3） 　　Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents．

3． Clip pictures to create a collage． Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage．

（4） 　　The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects． Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page﹣turner．

Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget Line

The term "budget line" has several related meanings， including a couple that are self﹣evident and a third that is not．

The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer Understanding

The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations it's the household budget， for example．

Taken informally， the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods．

Given a limited amount of money， a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods． If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B， she can only purchase goods totaling X． If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75 X， she can then spend only 0.25 X， the amount remaining， on her purchase of B．

This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about． As it turns out， however， this same concept one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics， which is explained below．

Lines in a Budget

Before turning to the economics definition of "budget line"， consider another concept： the line﹣item budget． This is effectively a map of future expenditures， with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified． There's nothing very complicated about this： in this usage， a budget line is one of the lines in the budget， with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified．

The Budget Line as an Economics Concept

One of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy．

In the process of formalization， the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally．

A Simple Budget Line Graph

To understand this， think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels． You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have ＄150 to spend． In the example below， assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15． The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set．

If movies cost ＄10 each， then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15． To note this you make a dot at the number 15 （for total movie tickets） at the extreme left﹣hand side of the chart． This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books the number of books available in this example is 0．

You can also graph the other extreme all crime novels and no movies． Since crime novels in the example cost ＄15 and you have ＄150 available， if you spend all the available money crime novels， you can buy 10． So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10．

You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have ＄0 available for movie tickets．

If you now draw a line from the highest， leftmost dot to the lowest， rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line． Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable． Any combination above it is not．

（1）Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE？ 　 　

A．	It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods．
B．	Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex．
C．	It is the effectively a map of future expenditures．
D．	It can be expressed as a mathematical equation．

（2）What is the purpose of the passage？ 　 　

A．	To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation．
B．	To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line．
C．	To tell us we should budget before we buy goods．
D．	To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line．

（3）Assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15， you have ＄150． Which is RIGHT according to this passage？ 　　

A．	The maximum number of movies you can see is 10．
B．	The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15．
C．	You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies．
D．	You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies．

（4）What is the best title of this passage？ 　　

A．	Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line？
B．	The Budget Line as an Economics Concept
C．	The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer Understanding
D．	The Complex Concept Budget Line