初中英语说明文试题

September is the time for students to go back to school!For Chinese students，most schools start on the same day．We will share summer stories with the same classmates （61） 　

　the first﹣year students．But in US schools，students get ready for classes a little（62） 　　．

First of all，US schools don't all start on the same day．Classes begin any time between August and September．Every（63） 　　decides when to begin their classes．If summers are too（64） 　　then school will usually start a little later．

Every year we usually see the same teachers and classmates，but US students have some big changes．In US high schools，teachers divide（65） 　　 into different levels or focuses．Students can choose their favorite teachers and courses according to their abilities and（66） 　　 ．This means that every year students will（67） 　　 different classrooms for each class．They will meet（68） 　　 classmates and teachers in each one．Also，students will go to school a few days early to get their（69） 　　 so that they can know the classes every day．

For first year students，the first day of school also means they finally get their own lockers（储物箱）．Primary school students in the US have to share closets（储物柜） with their（70） 　

　．But once students make it to junior high they finally get one．

61．A．including	B．except	C．besides
62．A．early	B．late	C．differently
63．A．school	B．city	C．town
64．A．dry	B．cool	C．hot
65．A．students	B．classes	C．subjects
66．A．ages	B．interests	C．habits
67．A．see	B．enter	C．build
68．A．new	B．special	C．unfriendly
69．A．homework	B．books	C．schedule
70．A．classmates	B．teachers	C．owners．

Being street smart is an important skill to have and a good way to take care of yourself．

Always carry your phone with you， but do not look at（1） 　　while yon are walking． Being able to communicate or call for help is important，so keep a list of useful numbers． But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your（2） 　　up and see what's going on around． If you do need to check your phones，（3） 　　and look at it quickly．

Don't wear earphones（4） 　　you are out． If you have to（5） 　　something when you're out， use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume（音量）．

Travel with（6） 　　or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger． It's（7） 　　to be careful with strangers． Remember not to get into a stranger's car if they call you over．

（8） 　　dark and out﹣of﹣the﹣way places． Do not take short cuts through dark areas， even if it will make your trip much faster． If you have to go to unsafe places， go（9） 　　someone you know or speak to someone over the phone while you are there．

Run and shout if you feel unsafe． Run away as fast as you can towards a police station， hospital， or nearby business for（10） 　　 ． Shout as loudly as you can to get the attention of people nearby．

（1）A． me	B． it	C． him	D． her
（2）A． head	B． nose	C． hands	D． arms
（3）A． walk	B． run	C．stop	D． start
（4）A． though	B． unless	C． until	D． while
（5）A． look for	B． wait for	C． listen to	D． talk to
（6）A． parents	B． brothers	C． sisters	D． friends
（7）A． important	B． impossible	C． boring	D． interesting
（8）A． Find	B． Avoid	C． Visit	D． Clean
（9）A． to	B． for	C． with	D． without
（10）A． help	B． drink	C． money	D． medicine

Space travel is nothing new． The first spacecraft with a human was sent up（1） 　　space in 1961． Since then， people have not only traveled to space，（2） 　　many of them have lived there in space stations for some time．

The Soviet Union（前苏联） sent the（3） 　　space station into space in 1971． This space station was called Salyut 1． Salyut 1（4） 　　as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments． The first group of astronauts lived there for 23days． The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations． At about the same time， the United States had（5） 　　own space station， called Skylab．

Astronauts（6） 　　in these space stations for a short time． However， it wasn't until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a （7） 　　time．

Living in space stations seems to be fun， but astronauts face many problems． One of them （8） 　　food． All the（9） 　　on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle． Because the food has to last a long time （sometimes up to three months）， a lot of it has to be stored in cans． The space station does not have a fridge， but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh． Astronauts also eat many other foods（10） 　　dried meat that do not need special care．

（1）A． into	B． with	C． of
（2）A． or	B． but	C． unless
（3）A． ones	B． one	C． first
（4）A． found	B． was built	C． was brought
（5）A． them	B． they	C． its
（6）A． lived	B． played	C． took
（7）A． more	B． shorter	C． longer
（8）A． am	B． is	C． are
（9）A． apple	B． vegetable	C． meals
（10）A． such as	B． at last	C． next to

March 22nd is World Water Day．It started in 1993．It not only makes us think about the importance of water，but also calls on （号召） us to （1） 　　and protect water．Today，we're facing terrible water problems．Among them，wastewater problem is especially（2） 　　．And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is"wastewater"．

What is wastewater？It is used water．Usually，wastewater comes from homes，（3） 　　，hospitals and so on．It is produced by different kinds of activities，including washing the machines，taking showers and using the kitchen．The rain also（4） 　　wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm．No matter where it comes from，this kind of water is sure to have（5） 　　harmful in it．

（6） 　　must we treat （处理）wastewater？Wastewater has a big influence on our life．It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment．We must care for our environment and our own （7） 　　．

How can we treat wastewater？Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment．Wastewater（8） 　　homes can be reused．Then there will be（9） 　　wastewater．Also，factory wastewater has to be cleaned（10） 　　it goes back to nature．

1．A．drink	B．save	C．carry	D．watch
2．A．easy	B．popular	C．small	D．serious
3．A．factories	B．lakes	C．rivers	D．seas
4．A．gets back	B．hands in	C．changes into	D．picks up
5．A．nothing	B．something	C．nobody	D．somebody
6．A．What	B．Who	C．Why	D．How
7．A．work	B．interest	C．health	D．business
8．A．on	B．for	C．with	D．from
9，A．less	B．more	C．better	D．worse
10．A．and	B．whether	C．after	D．before

Bike﹣sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities． It is good to the（1） ___ 　development of the big cities．

A （2） 　 　by a company found that shared bikes started the nation's（3） 　 　for bikes again． Now more and more Chinese people are（4） 　 　bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities．

An engineer of that company says that since the start of shared bikes， people（5） __ 　fewer trips by car． The love for shared bikes is not only among（6） 　 　people， who were born in the 1980s and 1990s， but also among people over sixty．

At weekends， the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the（7） 　 　of all cities． On weekdays， the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to word is（8） 　 　in Shanghai．

It is said that bike﹣sharing will help（9） 　 　the cities' environment． It not only helps solve the traffic problems， but also will help to make more use of（10） 　 　in cities． Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes， an area of five Bird's Nest stadiums will be saved．

（1）A． harmful	B． sudden	C． slow	D． healthy
（2）A． report	B． suggestion	C． rule	D． plan
（3）A． preparation	B． love	C． search	D． worry
（4）A． repairing	B． locking	C． choosing	D． pushing
（5）A． will made	B． have made	C． are making	D． are made
（6）A． strong	B． young	C． old	D． weak
（7）A． corner	B． line	C． top	D． side
（8）A． going up	B． giving away	C． coming over	D． putting off
（9）A． experience	B． improve	C． discover	D． separate
（10）A． space	B． money	C． air	D． time

Every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads．Sometimes the drivers drive too（41） 　 　　or do not drive carefully enough．Some of them（42） 　 　the traffic rules and cause accidents．

According to some researches，it is usually the pedestrians步行者who cause the （43） 　 　．A lot of road users are very careless．They walk or run across the roads（44） 　 　the cars．They walk in the roads but not on the walkways．They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road．Some do not take the trouble to（45） 　 　green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights.

Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities，but this is not（46） 　 　true．（47） 　 　，Tokyo is one of the world's largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities however，there are（48） 　 　accidents to pedestrians．The reason is that the police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful．Pedestrians never cross against a red light and they always follow traffic rules．

Do you know alcohol酒精is another main cause of traffic accidents？It delays people's response．Those who have drunk alcohol are（49） 　 　in making decisions．They need a few more（50） 　 　to react （ 反应 ）．Alcohol drinking is especially dangerous for motor car drivers．It is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking．Drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well．

41．A．slow	B．fast	C．slowly	D．carefully
42．A．make	B．remember	C．follow	D．break
43．A．problems	B．accidents	C．games	D．results
44．A．at the end of	B．in the centre of	C．in front of	D．on top of
45．A．wait for	B．worry about	C．turn on	D．point out
46．A．never	B．often	C．always	D．sometimes
47．A．In addition	B．For example	C．By the way	D．On the other hand
48．A．few	B．many	C．enough	D．some
49．A．slow	B．active	C．interested	D．excited
50．A．days	B．hours	C．minutes	D．seconds

Body image ﹣ the way people feel about their looks ﹣ is a big problem for many young people today．According to a（1） 　　，more than half the teenage girls in the USA think（2） 　　should be on a diet（节食），and almost one in five teenage boys are（3） 　　about their bodies and their weight．

But what's the cause？In the study，many blame（责备）the media（媒体）．Turn on the TV and you'll（4） 　　see beautiful models，handsome actors and fit sports stars．（5） 　　a magazine or a newspaper，look through the Internet，and it's usually（6） 　　．

Many young people feel pressure to（7） 　　these "perfect" people．But for most，this is just not possible．In the USA，the average（平均的）woman is 163 cm tall and weighs 64 kilos，（8） 　　the average model is 180 cm tall and weighs 53 kilos．

When people don't look the way many（9） 　　people look，they may become less confident．Some stop eating（10） 　　in order to lose weight．Students can lose so much confidence that they start to（11） 　　taking part in classroom activities at school．

Body image problems don't（12） 　　as we get older，either．In the UK，for example，women over 50 spend more money on cosmetics（化妆品）than any other（13） 　　group．Older men spend a lot of money trying to（14） 　　hair loss（损失）．

Is there a solution to the problem？A 2016 study in the UK suggested that body image lessons should be provided in（15） 　　．Others believe it's a problem that all of society needs to deal with．As Meaghan Ramsey says，"We need to judge（批判）people by what they do，not what they look like．"

（1）A．newspaper	B．magazine	C．study	D．book
（2）A．we	B．they	C．you	D．she
（3）A．confident	B．sure	C．worried	D．happy
（4）A．probably	B．hardly	C．never	D．finally
（5）A．Get	B．Open	C．Take	D．Find
（6）A．the same	B．different	C．special	D．interesting
（7）A．look after	B．look for	C．look at	D．look like
（8）A．because	B．although	C．but	D．of
（9）A．kind	B．strong	C．young	D．famous
（10）A．early	B．properly	C．slowly	D．carefully
（11）A．enjoy	B．stop	C．finish	D．forget
（12）A．come	B．continue	C．disappear	D．happen
（13）A．age	B．job	C．hobby	D．man
（14）A．make	B．avoid	C．refuse	D．protect
（15）A．supermarkets	B．streets	C．parks	D．schools

There are purple clothes， purple handbags， purple bicycles， purple furniture， even purple computers! So purple is one of the most（1） 　　colors today． But in the past， purple was a very expensive and unusual color． Let's take a look at the rich（2） 　　of the color purple．

Some scientists believe that the first plants to appear on Earth over 500 million years ago（3） 　　looked purple， not green． Plants today are green because（4） 　　use green chlorophyll （叶绿素） to produce energy． （5） 　　these early plants probably used something called retinal， which is a dark purple color．

During the time of the Roman Empire （37BC﹣476AD）， it was very（6） 　　to make purple dye （染料）． The dye came from sea snails （海螺）．But 10，000 dead sea snails（7） 　　you just one gram （克）of purple dye…as well as a very bad smell! This（8） 　　purple dye was called Tyrian purple， and it was the preferred（9） 　　of emperors．

In 16th﹣﹣century England， purple was（10） 　　for the kings family members． Queen Elizabeth I's clothes were purple， but ordinary people were not allowed to（11） 　　the color．

In 1856， William Perkin， an 18﹣year﹣old（12） 　　student， noticed something strange while doing an experiment （实验）． The chemicals （化学药品） he used to clean his instruments（13） 　　with the chemicals he used in his experiment and produced a bright purple color． This（14） 　　led Perkin to start a company using this chemical mixture to make purple dye． The dye was much（15） 　　than sea﹣snail dye． Thanks to Perkin， now anyone can afford to wear purple clothes．

（1）A． peaceful	B． popular	C． exciting	D． serious
（2）A． history	B． style	C． research	D． product
（3）A． gradually	B． especially	C． exactly	D． probably
（4）A． others	B． they	C． we	D． some
（5）A． And	B． So	C． But	D． Until
（6）A． dangerous	B． common	C． difficult	D． strange
（7）A． got	B． passed	C． wasted	D． cost
（8）A． basic	B． harmful	C． special	D． perfect
（9）A． color	B． smell	C． plant	D． animal
（10）A． even	B． never	C． seldom	D． only
（11）A． wear	B． sell	C． change	D． make
（12）A． geography	B． science	C． art	D． math
（13）A． compared	B． mixed	C． collected	D． kept
（14）A． survey	B． suggestion	C． discovery	D． exam
（15）A． healthier	B． thicker	C． cheaper	D． darker

Once an animal expert did some research on antelopes（羚羊）． These antelopes were living on both sides of a river in South America．The expert（1） 　　that the antelopes on the east side multiplied（繁殖）more and ran faster than（2） 　　on the west．

The expert didn't get the reason about differences after thinking hard， as the two groups of antelopes lived in（3） 　　environment and they fed on the same kind of grass．

One year，（4） 　　the help of the Animal Protecting society， he caught ten antelopes on each side and（5） 　　them． A year later， the ten antelopes that were sent to the west side multiplied by fourteen． （6） 　　how about the antelopes sent to the east？ Only three remained!

Where were（7） 　　seven？ They were eaten by wolves．

At last the expert understood why the antelopes on the east were （8） 　　． That was because there were a group of wolves﹣their natural enemy， on the（9） 　　side．

So thanks must go to your opponents（对手）． It is your opponents that are（10） 　　you． It's true!

（1）A． has covered	B． covered	C． has discovered	D．discovered
（2）A． they	B． those	C． them	D．that
（3）A． different	B．same	C． the same	D． difference
（4）A． with	B． without	C． under	D．by
（5）A．changed	B． exchanged	C． challenged	D． fed
（6）A． But	B． Though	C． So	D． Or
（7）A． other	B． the other	C．others	D． the others
（8）A． weak	B．weaker	C． strong	D．stronger
（9）A． south	B． north	C． east	D． west
（10）A． improving	B． hurting	C．comparing	D．disappointing

Many people go to school for an education，They（36） 　　languages and other subjects．Others go to（37） 　 B 　to learn a skill so that they can make a living．（38） 　　no one can learn everything from school．A teacher，no matter（39） 　　he knows，can not teach his students everything they（40） 　　to know．So，much more is to be learned（41） 　　school by the students themselves．It is always（42） 　　to know how to study by oneself than to memorize some formulas（公式）．Formulas are easy to remember but difficult to use in（43） 　　out maths problems．As we all know，great（44） 　　，such as Einstein，Newton and Galileo，didn't learn many things from school．But they were all so successful that they（45） 　　so many things for us．

36．A．dislike	B．speak	C．learn	D．make
37．A．park	B．school	C．home	D．cinema
38．A．Though	B．But	C．If	D．Or
39．A．how often	B．how many	C．how soon	D．how much
40．A．want	B．stop	C．forget	D．fail
41．A．from	B．outside	C．in	D．within
42．A．more important	B．important	C．most important	D．unimportant
43．A．doing	B．getting	C．working	D．taking
44．A．workers	B．scientists	C．doctors	D．students
45．A．remembered	B．celebrated	C．invented	D．shared．

The computer is fast， and never make a mistake， while people are too slow， and full of mistakes sometimes． Now a（36） 　　can do a lot of everyday jobs wonderfully． It is（37） 　　used in factories， hospitals， post office． A computer can report， decide and control in almost（38） 　　field． Many computer scientists are thinking of（39） 　　　　    the computer "think" like a man． With the help of a person， a computer can（40） 　　    pictures， write music， talk with people， play chess， recognize voice， translate languages and so on． Perhaps（41） 　　computers will really think and feel． Do you think the people will be afraid（42） 　　they find that the computer is too clever to listen to（43） 　　the people？ But I believe man is（44） 　　the master of the computer． The computer works only （45） 　　the help of man． It cannot take place of man．

36． A． boy	B． computer	C． woman	D． teacher
37． A． widely	B． slowly	C． sadly	D． hardly
38．A． either	B． both	C． every	D． none
39． A． making	B． leaving	C． feeling	D． taking
40． A． hear	B． talk	C． draw	D． put
41． A． one day	B． a day	C． any day	D． every day
42． A． what	B． when	C． where	D． why
43． A． choose	B． get	C． have	D． serve
44． A． seldom	B． never	C． always	D． sometimes
45． A． with	B． about	C． beside	D． for

Each one of us shares this planet with seven billion others．And we all need （36） 　 : 　．People and products need to move from city to city and country to country．However，we all know（37） 　 　most cars，motorcycles，boats and planes cause air pollution．They are also（38） 　 　．This is a serious problem in many cities．（39） 　 　inventors are coming up with creative ideas to try to reduce the pollution and noise．

In many cities around the world，motorcycles are very（40） 　 　．Now Vietnam has around 33million motorcycles and China has almost 120 million．Motorcycles are a faster and cheaper way to get around a city than（41） 　 　．Yet air pollution is a growing problem．In large cities，people（42） 　 　it is difficult to breathe．To solve these problems，a U．S．company designed an environmentally friendly motorcycle，It uses electricity as fuel（燃料）．As a result，there is（43） 　 　pollution．It's also quiet and fast．This makes （44） 　 　a good choice for getting around a city．

The Italian city of Venice is a city with only a few（45） 　 　．There are no cars in the city center．（46） 　 　cars，water taxis and buses carry people along the city's canal（运河）．However，they cause pollution，（47） 　 　to the water．English engineers Dick and Jem designed a solar﹣powered（太阳能）water taxi．The water taxi

（48） 　 　run for a day after being recharged（充电）．

Planes also cause air and noise pollution．Designing an environmentally friendly airplane is a real （49） 　 　．Some airplane companies have （50） 　 　to solve the problems．Swiss engineers have gone one step further．They developed a solar airplane．This plane holds the world record for the longest solar﹣powered flight﹣1，541 kilometers from Arizona to Texas in America．

36．A．air	B．food	C．transportation	D．communication
37．A．how	B．why	C．when	D．that
38．A．noisy	B．dirty	C．fast	D．expensive
39．A．Since	B．So	C．Because	D．Although
40．A．popular	B．valuable	C．dangerous	D．safe
41．A．bikes	B．subways	C．buses	D．cars
42．A．explain	B．complain	C．doubt	D．promise
43．A．much	B．some	C．no	D．more
44．A．them	B．you	C．us	D．it
45．A．rivers	B．roads	C．tourists	D．people
46．A．Instead of	B．Thanks to	C．Because of	D．As for
47．A．probably	B．only	C．especially	D．hardly
48．A．must	B．can	C．should	D．need
49．A．question	B．job	C．decision	D．challenge
50．A．disagreed	B．refused	C．started	D．remembered．

You may think there is only sand in the desert（沙漠） of the world，（1） 　 　it is not true．In the desert，as we know，there is a little（2） 　 　，but it is not（3） 　 　for most plants．Still we can see some plants live in the desert．

There is（4） 　 　in some places in the deserts．We call these places oases（绿洲）．In the oases，there are villages and towns．People grow all kinds of eropa in the fields there．

People（5） 　 　live outside the oases．They have camels，sheep and other animals．These animals depend on the desert plants for their food and do not need （6） 　 　water．

The aninmals are useful to the desert people in many ways．They eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals．They use the camels for carrying water，food，and something else．

The people of the desert have to keep moving from place to place．They must always （7） _ 　grass or desert plants for their animals．When there is no more food for their animals，they move to （8） 　 　place．The desert people are（9） 　 　．No man in the desert would ever（10） 　 　to help the people in trouble and give them food and water．

（1）A． and	B． but	C． or	D． so
（2）A． rain	B． rains	C． wind	D． winds
（3）A． well enough	B． enough well	C． good enough	D． enough good
（4）A． sand	B． plants	C． woods	D． water
（5）A． also	B． too	C． either	D． still
（6）A．a little	B． too many	C． too much	D． some
（7）A． look at	B． look for	C． look up	D． look after
（8）A． other	B． the other	C． others	D． another
（9）A． well	B． friend	C． friendly	D． carefully
（10）A． agree	B． refuse	C． promise	D． want

If you pay a visit to Liu Hasheng's restaurant in Harbin，you will find 18 robots there．They are ready to serve you and make sure that your dining e（81） 　 　is perfect．After the visit，you can tell others that the robots serving customers isn't a dream any more．

It's wonderful to see h（82） 　 　the 18robots work in the restaurant．The wonder s（83） 　 　when you walk in．You'll see a robot come up and say，"Earth person，hello!Welcome to the Robot Restaurant．"When you have ordered your m（84） 　 　，the robots in the kitchen begin to do the cooking．After the food is p（85） 　 　，a robot waiter will glide （滑行） out of the kitchen to serve you with the meal you've ordered．And as customers enjoy their d（86） 　 　food，a robot sings lovely songs for them．

You may ask，"Where did all these robots come from？"Liu said they were designed （设计） and m（87） 　 　by the Harbin Haohai Robot Company．Liu said he invested （投资） 5million yuan in the restaurant，with each robot costing 200，000 yuan to 300，000 yuan．And the w（88） 　 　robot team is managed by the workers in the computer room．

After a busy day，all the robots will go for a"meal"，which is e（89） 　 　．After 5 hours，the robots can continue their work for a day．The restaurant now provides a menu with more than 30 dishes （菜肴），and the average （平均） cost for a dinner is a（90） 　 　40to 50yuan．Do you want to go and have a try in this restaurant？

Things like Hula hoops（呼啦圈）used to be very popular．Did you ever own any of these？If you didn't，don't feel too bad．They were all fads．A fad is something that becomes very（36） 　 　among a large number of people，but only for a short time．（37） 　 　can become a fad very quickly，but can stop being popular just as quickly．（38） 　 　it is no longer "cool，"a fad goes away．Anything can become a（n） （39） 　 　﹣fashion，food，music，technology，even language．

In the late 1970s，Erno Rubik，a professor was looking for a （40） 　 　way to teach his students about 3D objects．He （41） 　 　a six﹣color plastic object that would be called the Rubik's Cube（魔方）．The goal was to get each side of the cube a （42） 　 　color．It was very challenging．It took a few years for the toy to become popular，but then （43） 　 　，in 1982，it seemed everyone had one．People bought over a hundred million of the （44） 　 　．There were 50books available that year offering solutions（解决办法）．Then，just as suddenly as the craze （风尚） started，it （45） 　 　．By 1983，people were not interested in the Rubik's Cube anymore，perhaps because so many people（46） 　 　had one in their home．

In 2012，a South Korean musician named Psy released a song called "Gangnam （江南） Style．"The music video shows Psy pretending （假装） to horse﹣ride while he is dancing．In six months，it became the first Youtube （一视频网站） video ever to reach a billion views （观看）．Six months after that，（47） 　 　went on to reach two billion views．The song and video started a worldwide （48） 　 　craze．"Gangnam Style" had a huge influence on world popular culture．U．S．President Barack Obama and U．K．Prime Minister David Cameron even （49） 　 　the dance．"Gangnam Style" became less and less popular，（50） 　 　the "Korean Wave" of culture remains popular all over the world．

36．A．useful	B．popular	C．valuable	D．relaxing
37．A．Both	B．Someone	C．Something	D．None
38．A．Although	B．Whether	C．Before	D．When
39．A．invention	B．fad	C．goal	D．dream
40．A．creative	B．difficult	C．traditional	D．common
41．A．found	B．bought	C．invented	D．borrowed
42．A．strange	B．dark	C．bright	D．different
43．A．suddenly	B．slowly	C．exactly	D．seriously
44．A．videos	B．toys	C．clothes	D．books
45．A．spread	B．appeared	C．ended	D．failed
46．A．already	B．hardly	C．especially	D．only
47．A．he	B．they	C．we	D．it
48．A．food	B．dance	C．language	D．sport
49．A．depended on	B．tried out	C．gave up	D．put off
50．A．then	B．and	C．but	D．so．