初中英语说明文试题

It is a basic ability for humans to tell more from less.Surprisingly，a number of animals（1）　　this ability too.They will（2）　　more of something.Horses，for example，will go for a group of three apples instead of two apples.

    This ability is（3）　 　to animals in lots of ways.It helps them（4）　　the larger group of friends.Many fishes，for example，join groups for（5）　　.If a predator （掠食动物）comes，a fish in a group of 40 is less possible to become lunch than a fish in a group of 10.So if a fish has a choice between two groups，it's safer to join the（6）　 　one.A sense of number even helps keep the（7）　　.For example，a monkey group will avoid fights with other groups when they find their（8）　 　is not an advantage.

    Also，the ability to do simple（9）　　is a sure thing for some animals.They（10）　　the difference between one，two，and three.

    Some others can count much higher than three.

（1）A.have	B.miss	C.doubt	D.hate
（2）A.grow	B.cook	C.pick	D.leave
（3）A.fresh	B.useful	C.correct	D.direct
（4）A.hide	B.beat	C.push	D.find
（5）A.safety	B.holiday	C.discussion	D.exercise
（6）A.faster	B.larger	C.busier	D.quieter
（7）A.secret	B.interest	C.peace	D.record
（8）A.age	B.number	C.time	D.speed
（9）A.counting	B.jumping	C.dancing	D.swimming
（10）A.mix	B.like	C.ask	D.know

先阅读（A）、(B)两篇短文，然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列四项任务。

careful  rule   finish  something  learn

 
A good way to pass an examination is to work hard every day in the year. You may fail in the examination if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the examination. If you are taking an English examination, don't learn only         of grammar.
Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can. A few days before examination you should start going to bed early. Do not stay up late at night       things. Before you start the examination, read        over the examination paper. Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you have at last       your examination, read your answers, correct any mistakes that you see and make sure that you have not          out.
(B)
As we all know, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increase our knowledge, open our minds and strengthen our character. In other words, they are our good teachers and wise friends. This is the reason why our parents always encourage us to read more books. Reading is a good thing, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can get benefits from good books. Textbooks, newspapers, magazines and other kinds of reading materials can help us know more about the outside world and help us grow into an excellent person. Besides, reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. Reading makes a full man! Let’s start reading now.
任务1：用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。（每空一词，每词限用一次）
任务2：根据英文释义及首字母提示，拼写单词。
c________: something that you can choose
i________:to become or make sth greater in number , quality, size and so on
任务3：同义词转换，每空一词。
Besides, reading is also among the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English.
_____
______, reading is also among the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English.
任务4：根据短文内容简答问题。
What can textbooks, newspapers, magazines and other kinds of reading materials help us know about?
______________________________________

It was more than 80 years ago， when an army quietly passed across the Yudu River in Ganzhou ，Jiangxi． They were the Chinese Central Red Army． They decided to start a （1） 　　and hand march． It was （2） 　　known as the long March．This year is the 83 ^rdyear of the victory of the famous march．Let's learn something about it．

During the long March， the Chinese Central Red Amy passed many places． They （3） 　　from Jiangxi， passed through several provinces and finally arrived in Shaanxi． It is said that they （4） 　　about 25，000 li（ about 12，500 kilometers） during the Long March．

At school， you may have learned in books that soldiers （5） 　　many difficulties． They lived a（6） 　　life and fought against the enemies． They crossed Chishuihe for four times， （7） 　　many kinds of difficulties， In Sichuan， soldiers spent a hard time creeping（匍匐）across Luding Chain Bridge， which was （8） 　　13 iron chains（铁链）， in the middle of gun fire． They also climbed （9） 　　the snowy Jianjin Mountain，which was 4，930 meters high． They didn't have enough food to eat，so they often went （10） 　　for days． And they didn't have enough （11） 　　to stay away from the cold．Many soldiers （12） 　　． About 86，000 people took part in the march，（13） 　　only about 7， 000 were left when they arrived in Shaanxi．

Today， we can visit the places that they once passed through． This way，we may truly understand the （14） 　　of the Long March ： Never be （15） 　　of difficulties and never give up hope．

（1）A．short	B．long	C．slow	D．quick
（2）A．finally	B．gradually	C．famously	D．probably
（3）A．returned	B．studied	C．hid	D．started
（4）A．drove	B．flew	C．walked	D．rode
（5）A．looked through	B．went through	C．thought of	D．heard of
（6）A．hard	B．normal	C．boring	D．successful
（7）A．remaining	B．making	C．avoiding	D．facing
（8）A．made up of	B．made into	C．made by	D．made for
（9）A．through	B．over	C．into	D．on
（10）A．hungry	B．thirsty	C．lonely	D．angry
（11）A．energy	B．money	C．matches	D．clothes
（12）A．escaped	B．died	C．cried	D．feared
（13）A．though	B．because	C．so	D．but
（14）A．influence	B．meaning	C．spirit	D．result
（15）A．afraid	B．shy	C．tired	D．proud

Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world．Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee．They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way．So they say a cup of coffee is necessary for them in the morning．
Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains active? It is caffeine（咖啡因）．Caffeine may increase a person’s mental and physical abilities（精力和体力）．For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment  body temperature．All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous．
Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods．A little caffeine is probably not harmful．But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless．
The underlined word “augment” means ___________ ．

A．make more

B．drink

C．stop

D．make less

From this passage, we may know that drinking a cup of coffee late at night might ______ ．

A．give you a headache	B．make you fall asleep
C．keep you awake	D．may be dangerous

Caffeine is found in ___________ ．

A．tea and water

B．chocolate, meat and some other foods

C．coffee and cream

D．coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years

B．Caffeine does no harm to our body．

C．Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature．

D．Caffeine may increase human’s mental and physical abilites．

A good title for this passage is ___________ ．

A．Coffee Is Harmful	B．Coffee and Tea
C．Caffeine and Health	D．Caffeine Is Useful

What will the future world be like？ Many people are glad to give their （1）　　．Here are two imaginations about the world of （2）　　． When people talk about the future， we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car． We would fly at 480kilometres per hour， avoiding traffic lights，（3）　　roads and speeding tickets．（4）　　，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars． One big problem is： what will happen if the flying cars （5）　　？ Then there will be problems with traffic control． Also， if（6）　　become popular， there will surely be too much air traffic．（7）　　it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground!．Imagine you have your own Ironman （8）　　． Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton"． This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement． It will（9）　　the wearer to lift heavy objects， walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is（10）　　in many ways， especially for people with disabilities． This suit might help people to walk again after（11）　　or injury（受伤）．But the disadvantage at the moment is the（12）　　． Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds． Another problem is battery life． A suit like this needs a lot of（13）　　and batteries only last about 15minutes at the moment． One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer． You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲） suit could（14）　　the wrong way． car above our heads，

    So in the future，（15）　　we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible．

（1）A． suggestions	B． instructions	C． opinions	D． reasons
（2）A． past	B． yesterday	C． present	D． tomorrow
（3）A． empty	B． wide	C． busy	D． dirty
（4）A． Moreover	B． Instead	C． In fact	D． However
（5）A． put down	B． break down	C． write down	D． calm down
（6）A． they	B． you	C． we	D．I
（7）A． And	B． But	C． So	D． or
（8）A． gloves	B． suit	C． helmet	D． shoes
（9）A． ask	B． wish	C． invite	D． allow
（10）A． beautiful	B． peaceful	C． colorful	D． useful
（11）A． disease	B． holiday	C． work	D．party
（12）A． quality	B． price	C． need	D． number
（13）A． chances	B． power	C． rest	D． experience
（14）A． hurt	B． attract	C． protect	D． attack
（15）A． whether	B． unless	C． although	D． until

Do you know something about the holiday camps(野营) in Hong Kong？The students in Hong Kong used to take part in an English holiday camp in their holidays. And their parents weren’t with them, though they were very young.
Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents. Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to learn some practical knowledge in their life, and also learn some knowledge about living skills, science ,reading and writing… The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.
Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive. Most of the families can afford to send their children there for further study, for making their bodies strong…And the government never charges(收费) them.
It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things. Perhaps it has something to do with the kinds of holiday camps.
Students in Hong Kong used to take part in the       .

A．holiday camps

B．English holiday camps

C．science holiday camps

D．Chinese holiday camps

When students in Hong Kong are in the holidays camps, their parents        .

A．must be with them

B．have to pay a lot of money

C．must stay at home

D．aren’t with them

The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps in Hong Kong is          .

A．to learn some foreign languages

B．to learn much knowledge about many things

C．to learn to look after themselves

D．to have further study about many subjects

The cost(费用) to take part in a holiday camp is        .

A．very expensive

B．not so cheap

C．very high

D．very low

The students who often take part in holiday camps     .

A．must have much knowledge about many things

B．must be very tall

C．must be very thin(瘦)

D．must be very cool

On April 23.2019，a series of events to celebrate

the （1） 　　anniversary of the Chinese People's Liberation Army（PLA）Nay（中国人民海军）was held in Qingdao．

Destroyers（驱逐舰） sailed in the sea， submarines（潜艇） slid under the surface and fighter jets flew across the sky． It wasn't a scene from a war movie， indeed， it was a real grand naval parade．

As a large country （2） 　　more than 18，000 kilometers of coastline， China needs a strong navy． This was a hard lesson（3） 　　by history． According to Xinhua， from the 1850s until 1949．foreign forces used the sea to make about 470 invasions of China． Therefore， the PLA Navy has become a key line of the nation's defense．

As President Xi Jinping said， the oceans are of great significance as they sustain life and connect the world． "The blue planet that humans inhabit is not divided into islands by the oceans．（4） 　　is connected by the oceans to form a community with a shared future， where people of all countries share weal and woe，"said Xi during his （5） 　　at the event．

（1）A．seventy	B． seventieth	C． seventith	D．seventeen
（2）A．has	B． have	C． with	D． of
（3）A．teach	B． taught	C． learn	D． learned
（4）A．But	B． and	C．or	D． with
（5）A．speak	B． talk	C． chat	D． speech

We live in a forest in Zambia（赞比亚）．There aren't any neighbor（46） 　 　nearby．And this community school is about an hour's drive from our home．It（47） 　 　169 students from Grade 1 to Grade 7．There are four teachers in the school．They are volunteers and they teach students（48） 　 　getting any money．But sometimes students will give（49） 　 　teachers some chicken and corn．There are over 70 languages in Zambia．Englishis the most popular and（50） 　 　of the students can speak English．

There is no running water in the school and the water pump（水泵） is broken．Teachers and students can't（51） 　　it for two months．So they have to（52） 　　their water from a nearby river．During school holidays，it always rains（53） 　　and the grass grows taller and taller．When school opens again，students will（54） 　　the grass and the school ground．

Most children in Zambia go to the community schools（55） 　　other schools are too far for them to go．They like their schools and they love their teachers．

46．A．restaurants	B．classrooms	C．schools	D．libraries
47．A．serves for	B．serves	C．works	D．works with
48．A．of	B．with	C．for	D．without
49．A．their	B．his	C．her	D．your
50．A．best	B．more	C．many	D．most
51．A．dig	B．use	C．fill	D．solve
52．A．send	B．touch	C．get	D．borrow
53．A．heavily	B．loudly	C．quietly	D．comfortably
54．A．raise	B．cut	C．clean	D．choose
55．A．if	B．because	C．unless	D．so

Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.

    And scientists now say that（1）　 　is one of the best way to keep fit.It can make you feel better and look better.Some say it can even make you live（2）　 　.

    All you need for naming，some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes.You don't need to buy special clothes（3）　 　you should get a good pair of sports shoes.And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your（4）　 　shoes.

    Some people find running boring，so，cycling or swimming instead once in a while.Also，you shouldn't exercise every day.It's very important to（5）　 　two or three times a week.You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate（6）　 　.Do some leg exercises every week as well，because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.

    If you're a beginner，there are lots of ways to make exercise fun.You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend.Another idea is to run in a race.This can give you a（n）（7）　 　to train and keep you interested in running.

（1）A.running	B.swimming	C.cycling
（2）A.long	B.longer	C.longest
（3）A.and	B.or	C.but
（4）A.usual	B.clean	C.different
（5）A.play	B.rest	C.work
（6）A.never	B.often	C.sometimes
（7）A.reason	B.excuse	C.method

Little Women is Louisa May Alcott's most famous novel.The novel follows the（1） 　 　of the four March sisters - Meg，Jo，Beth and Amy - and is based on the writer's own（2） 　　of growing up with her three sisters during the American Civil War （1861﹣1865）.

The main theme in the story is the importance of（3） 　　.Other themes include the need to work and self﹣improvement.

When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are（4） 　　and have to work.Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure（5） 　 　there is a war and everybody must help.Their father is in the army.In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time.They must try to（6） 　　the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful.He wants to be proud of them when he comes home.The girls decide to make an effort to（7） 　　themselves because they love and miss their father very much.

Alcott was interested in women's rights and，through the four March sisters，she explored （探索）four different（8） 　 　 of being a woman in those days.Meg leaves the family to get（9） 　　 and have a new family.Beth devotes （致力于）herself to（10） 　　 her own family.Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure.And Jo，like Alcott herself，tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time.

（1）A.rules	B.lives	C.secrets
（2）A.experiences	B.expressions	C.directions
（3）A.friendship	B.work	C.family
（4）A.poor	B.rich	C.clever
（5）A.so	B.because	C.if
（6）A.sell	B.find	C.accept
（7）A.improve	B.serve	C.imagine
（8）A.maps	B.ways	C.circles
（9）A.dressed	B.lost	C.married
（10）A.looking after	B.looking for	C.asking for

What makes us ill？It is the germs（细菌）.（1）　　are everywhere.The are very（2）　 　.You can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them（3）　　a microscope（显微镜）.There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

    Germs are always found in（4）　　water.When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see（5）　　.So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

    Germs are found not only in（6）　　.They are found（7）　 　in air and dust（灰尘）.When you（8）　　your finger，if some dust from the floor goes into the cut，some germs would go into your finger.Then you will have much pain in it.Sometimes germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.

（1）A.Germs	B.Books	C.Gardens
（2）A.big	B.small	C.long
（3）A.with	B.to	C.of
（4）A.clean	B.tidy	C.dirty
（5）A.them	B.him	C.they
（6）A.food	B.drink	C.water
（7）A.neither	B.also	C.too
（8）A.cut	B.check	C.make

A famous designer（设计师） and a university student produce a new cup called Vessyl．They have spent several years （1）　　it．The smart cup can not only tell Coca Cola from Pepsi Cola，（2）　　also tell people whether they should drink water or not．

    When people（3）　　liquid（液体） into this smart cup，a few seconds（秒） later，it can check this kind of liquid and tell them what it is．Then it gives（4）　information of the drink，such as sugar，fat and calorie．When people put the cup in their （5）　　，it can also show them the condition of their bodies．If they are （6）　　．Vessyl can tell them to drink water．

    "My partner and I want people to （7）　　 healthy．In modern society，people are usually （8）　　 busy to do exercise，or even drink enough water every day．They have much （9）　　．We produce this smart cup so that people can make a choice （10）　　．"the designer said．

（1）A．in	B．on	C．at	D．of
（2）A．and	B．though	C．nor	D．but
（3）A．pour	B．pull	C．lift	D．regard
（4）A．a few	B．a lot	C．lots of	D．many
（5）A．desks	B．hands	C．bags	D．mouths
（6）A．full	B．hungry	C．thirsty	D．awful
（7）A．carry	B．have	C．touch	D．keep
（8）A．too	B．to	C．so	D．very
（9）A．danger	B．pressure	C．power	D．laughter
（10）A．quietly	B．hardly	C．wisely	D．recently

    Everyone knows that second﹣hand smoke is as dangerous as first﹣hand

smoke． But have you （ 1）h　　 of "third﹣hand" smoke？Third﹣hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces （表面） of things around， （2）l　　 furniture or clothes． When someone smokes in a room， poisonous particles（粒子） in tobacco （烟草） smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes， even after the cigarette （香烟） has been put out． This can cause a great danger to your family， （3）e　　younger children．

     Babies have only just learned to walk． They are more likely to be harmed by third﹣hand smoke． This is（4）b　　 they are often close to surfaces of things． such as floors， walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain． When they （5）t　　 these surfaces， they get their hands polluted．

     So， it is necessary and important to say （6）n　　 to third﹣hand smoke． To achieve this， strict （ 7 ） r　　 for forbidding （禁止） smoking inside homes should be carried out． If one of your family members smokes， please make sure he smokes （8）o　　 the house． Get him a special jacket and hat， so once he （9）f　　 smoking， he will take them off before getting inside the house． Moreover， make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face， and changes his clothes before picking up the baby．

     Many times， you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child， but it doesn't mean he or she is （10）s　　"． Give up smoking， or if that is not possible， make sure that your loved ones， far away from third﹣hand smoke．

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world．With a （1） 　 　of more than 2，000 years， some parts of the Great Wall have disappeared．（2） 　 　， it is still a very popular place of interest．

It is the （3） 　 　wall ever built． It is about 8 meters high． The top is 8 meters wide and it （4） 　 　even wider at the bottom． It is made （5） 　 　stone and brick． People built it by （6） 　 　and it took a long time to finish．

No one knows（7） 　 　when the building of the Great Wall was started． It is believed that the wall was built to （8） 　 　parts of the country in the old days． It also made people live a（n） （9） 　 　life．

Today， many of the visitors go to see the Great Wall．（10） 　 　they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall， they can't help saying，"Wow， that's fantastic!"

（1）A． number	B． purpose	C． history	D． choice
（2）A． But	B． So	C． And	D． However
（3）A． longest	B． shortest	C． farthest	D． biggest
（4）A． needs	B． gets	C． spends	D． sounds
（5）A． from	B． into	C． by	D． of
（6）A． hand	B． accident	C． machine	D． mistake
（7）A．usually	B．normally	C．exactly	D．luckily
（8）A．provide	B．protect	C．search	D．produce
（9）A．smart	B．awful	C．terrible	D．peaceful
（10）A．Before	B．Unless	C．When	D．Though

A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes something that we do almost without thinking. Some of them are thought to be bad habits. People spend countless hours and dollars each year trying to get rid of these bad habits but often fail. Why? Change is hard work and there is no shortcut to achieve it. However, there is still some advice for you to follow.
First, look at why you do it. In other words, what’s the result of doing this thing? If your bad habit is shouting at people when you are unhappy or under pressure, what do you get from it? It may make you feel a little better for the moment. Or maybe you have a bad habit of leaving your homework undone. The result could be that you get more time to spend on the Internet!
Next, take a look on the other hand. What are you losing because of your habit? Shouting at other people is a bad habit because it makes people around you feel bad and unhappy. Leaving your homework undone is a bad habit because you may be punished by your teacher. Having more Internet time means that you are losing the chance to learn the things that you need to learn. When you think that way, you’ll find that it’s not wise to keep your bad habit! Now it is time to make a decision. What will you choose? I’m sure you will choose to do what you think is more important.
From the first paragraph we know that __________.

A．a habit is a terrible thing that we can never change

B．people take countless hours and dollars to get rid of habits

C．none of the people who try to break bad habits are successful

D．though it is difficult, we can still do something about our bad habits

The underlined sentence “there is no shortcut to achieve it” means that ________.

A．it is not easy to get rid of bad habits

B．there is a long way and a short way

C．something dangerous may happen

D．we must cut it in a short time.

The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

A．introduce and describe	B．complain（埋怨）and disagree
C．explain(解释) and advise	D．discuss and argue（争论）