初中英语说明文试题

Passage 1
Do you always understand directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them.
“To reduce pain, take two tablets (药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (减缓疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.
For children of six t twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice.
Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
How many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours?

A．Three

B．Four

C．Six

D．Eight

How many tablets should a nine-year-old kid normally take in 24 hours?

A．Half a tablet

B．One tablet

C．Two tablets

D．Four tablets

What is the advice for one who cannot sleep well after taking the medicine?

A．Stop taking the medicine at bedtime.	B．Continue to take the normal amount
C．Take more than the normal amount	D．Take less than the normal amount

It can be inferred from the medicine directions that this medicine ______.

A．helps you to fall asleep quickly	B．may be dangerous to small children
C．cannot be taken if one feels sleepy	D．should not be taken by kids under 6

This text is most probably taken from a _______.

A．textbook

B．newsreel

C．doctor’s notebook

D．bottle of medicine

If the rose can be said to be a special flower, then the apple can be said to be a special fruit．It is very important in American culture．American stories speak of Johnny Appleseed, who went throughout America collecting apple seeds and planting apple trees．He had a great love for nature and went through fields and farms adding richness and beauty to the country．
One of the first sayings taught to school children is, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away．” This short saying encourages children to eat fresh fruit to keep healthy． If someone always says good words to a person, people will call him an “apple polisher”．This, however, is not a good name．If someone is very dear to us, we say that he or she is the “apple of our eye”．
Most people believe that the fruit which Eve gave to Adam was an apple, even though the Bible (圣经) never says so．The apple, therefore, is a deep part of the language and stories of America．
An apple is also delicious．Apples can be cooked in many ways, used as a dessert, and made into sweet juice．
In many parts of the country during the harvest season, a popular activity is to go into an apple garden to pick apples．Washington, D．C．and New York are both famous for their apples．
Finally, when it’s time to take a vacation to American cities, one can always visit New York, which is “the biggest apple” of all the American cities．
During these years, iphones are popular with the people all over the world. Which country is his starter--Steven Paul Jobs from?

A．America

B．England

C．Russia

D．Japan

Why was Johnny Appleseed so famous?

A．He had a great love of nature．

B．He liked the American people．

C．He went throughout the country．

D．He collected apple seeds and planted apple trees．

What does the underlined phrase “apple polisher” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Something for cutting apples．

B．A person who likes to please others．

C．A person who is dealing with fruits．

D．A machine for cleaning apples quickly．

Which of the following is TRUE with apples?

A．Apples are medicine．

B．Apples are the most important food．

C．New York is famous for its big apples．

D．The Bible says Adam was given an apple．

The passage is mainly about ___________．

A．apples in American culture

B．stories about the apple

C．some famous sayings of the apple

D．big cities that are famous for apples

Antifreeze is a liquid(液体) that is added to water to keep it from freezing． When water freezes and turns to ice，it expands(膨胀)．The force of water expanding is so great that it will break the hardest metal．Water is used in car engines(发动机) to keep them cool while they run，and if this water is allowed to freeze in winter it can break the iron block of the engine．That is why antifreeze is necessary．
Water freezes at 0℃；the usual kind of antifreeze will not freeze until the temperature is－40℃．A mixture(混合物) of five parts of water and four parts of antifreeze will prevent freezing at－18℃；four parts of water and five parts of antifreeze reduce this to －22℃．
Alcohol is a kind of good antifreeze，but when the air is running it becomes hot and the alcohol boils away，so it must be changed very often．Most people use antifreeze that does not boil away when the engine is running．There are several chemicals that do this．One of the most popular is called ethylene glycol．
people use ________ to keep car engines cool．

A．antifreeze

B．water

C．alcohol

D．ethylene glycol.

The usual kind of antifreeze freezes at ________．

A．0℃

B．－18℃

C．－22℃

D．－40℃

We use antifreeze in order to ________．

A．keep alcohol in water

B．stop ice from becoming water

C．make the freezing point of water lower

D．raise the freezing point of water

Besides alcohol，________ is another kind of popular antifreeze．

A．water

B．ethylene glycol

C．any chemical

D．any mixture

The text is written to ________．

A．tell us what antifreeze is

B．make people buy antifreeze

C．tell us that cars need antifreeze

D．show us how to protect car engines

A sign is another kind of language. Here are some of them that you see on the roads.

Number One is a sign with the number thirty on it. When drivers see this sign, they must not go at more than thirty kilometers an hour. We see this sign when we are getting near a town. Number Two is a sign that we’re near a crossing. We must drive carefully. Number Three is a sign that there is a bend (拐弯) in the road. Again, we must drive slowly and carefully. It is not safe to go around a bend very fast. Number Four is a sign that there is another road coming in from the right. There is a junction (交叉) at this place. Number Five is a sign that there is a hill and Number Six is a sign that the road gets narrow. Drivers must go slowly and carefully. Number Seven has the word “SCHOOL” on it. This is a sign that there is a school at the side of the street or the road. Perhaps there are children going to or leaving school. So drivers must look carefully and go slowly. Number Eight is a sign with the letter “P” on it. The letter “P” means “Parking”. At some places, there are the signs “No parking” or “No waiting”. If a driver leaves his car near one of these signs, a policeman may come and write down the number of his car.
At the places where you see Sign 1, ____________.

A．you are already out of a town

B．you still have thirty kilometers to go

C．there must be many houses and buildings not far away

D．there must be a town thirty kilometers away

A driver can leave his car ___________.

A．near a sign with “P” on it in the daytime

B．near a sign with “No parking” on it

C．near a sign with “No waiting” if there’re no policemen there

D．near Sign 8 at any time

People put these signs on the roads to ____________.

A．make driving even safer

B．show drivers the way

C．stop cars going too fast

D．learn another kind of language

Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true.
Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (代沟).
Don’t argue with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.
Try to reach a compromise (和解). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.
Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect (尊敬) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.
Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.
A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try!
According to the passage who have a communication problem?

A．parents and other people

B．only school kids and their parents

C．teachers and their students

D．parents and children of all ages

How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap?

A．5.

B．4.

C．3.

D．2.

The underlined word “bridge” in the passage means “______”.

A．建立

B．消除

C．通过

D．到达

If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you’d better ______.

A．argue with them

B．keep away from them

C．agree with them all the time

D．tell your parents what you care about

The best title for the passage is______.

A．How to bridge the generation gap

B．How to deal with family problems

C．How to be good parents

D．How to be a good child

Many students ask for advice about improving their English. There are three basic questions.
The first question is about real English. Li Hao from Hubei wrote, “I enjoy watching English films and listening to real English songs. But it takes a long time. What do you think?”
This is a great way to learn English! Talk about the film or song with your friends, and guess the meaning of the new words. Just enjoy yourself!
The second question is about speaking. Sam, from Suzhou wrote. “Our school has a foreign teacher. But I'm shy and can’t speak to her. What should I do?”
When I visit China, lots of people in the street say, “Hello! How are you? Where are you from? Do you like China?” These are good questions to start a talk. Many people are shy when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep breath and smile! Smiling always helps.
The third question is about vocabulary. Oliver, from Anhui wrote, “I want to remember all the new words. I write them down, but I forget them quickly. What should I do?”
Try to remember eight or ten words a day. Write them on pieces of paper and place them in your bedroom. Say the words when you see them, and change them every day. And when you’re  shopping, how about counting the English words, or saying the English names for everything you see?
How many basic questions do the students often ask?

A．Two.

B．Three

C．Four.

D．Five.

What should you do if you are shy to speak English?

A．Watch English films.

B．Write down the words first.

C．Listen to real English songs.

D．Take a deep breath and smile before you begin.

What is Oliver's problem?

A．He’s too shy to talk with others.

B．He’s not able to count English words.

C．He can’t remember new words.

D．He doesn't know what real English is.

What’s the best title of this passage?

A．How to learn English

B．Talking about English films

C．Advice about English writing

D．The way of beginning an English talk

Which isn’t a good way to learn English?

A．Listening to English songs

B．Practicing English with a foreigner in the street

C．Sitting in your bedroom to remember words

D．Saying the English names for everything you see

New York is one of the last large American cities to have some of its policemen on horseback. The New York police have 170 horses working in certain parts of the city. The horses are expensive to feed, but it is even more expensive to look after them. Because the horses must walk on the streets, they need special horseshoes. In fact , they need more than 8,000 of them each year. Every police horse in New York gets new shoes every month. Keeping these shoes in good repair is the job of six blacksmiths. There are only about thirty-five of these blacksmiths in the whole United States.
The cost of shoing a horse is between twenty dollars and thirty-five dollars, and it takes a good blacksmith two or three hours to do the job.
A blacksmith’s job is not an easy one. He must be able to shape a shoe from a piece of metal and then fit it to the horse’s foot. The blacksmith must bend over all the time when he is fitting the shoe and must hold the weight of the horse’s leg while he works. Clearly, a blacksmith must be very storng. But even more important, he must be able to deal with horses---for before the blacksmith can begin his work, he has to get the horse to lift its leg.
One of the blacksmiths in New York is James Corbin. He came to the country from Ireland in 1948. He not only makes horseshoes for the police but also works for a group of horse owners near the city. Corbin became interested in blacksmithing because his father did it, and,as the puts it, “It’s a good way to make a living.”
According to the reading passage, a blacksmith must be likely a______ man.

A．clever

B．rich

C．strong

D．lucky

James Corbin became a blacksmith because he__________.

A．was interested in horses	B．was needed by the policemen
C．drew a picture of the horseshoe	D．had a make a living

In the reading passage “to shape a shoe” is to__________.

A．fit it on the horse’s foot

B．use it for two or three hours

C．make the from of a horseshoe from a piece of metal

D．draw a picture of the shoe

The best title for the passage is “__________”.

A．Policemen on Horseback	B．Blacksmiths and Horseshoeing
C．James Corbin, a Blacksmith	D．Horseshoeing is a Good Way to Make a Living

Which of the following is true?

A．Only a few large American cities have some policemen on horseback.

B．New York is the only city in America to have some policemen on horseback.

C．Policemen on horseback enjoy travelling around the United States.

D．Policemen on horseback are less expensive than those in cars.

When you are reading something in English, you may often meet with a new word. What’s the best way to know it?
You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the Chinese meaning and how to use the word. But how can you know where the word is thousands of English words? How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly?
First, all the English words are arranged(安排) in the letter order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with letter A, then B, C, D…. That means, if there are two words “desert” and “pull”, “desert” will be certainly before “pull”. Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the fourth… For example, “pardon” is before “plough”, “judge” before “just”, etc.
Do you understand how to look up in the dictionary?
The dictionary will be your good friend. I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English study.
This passage is about______.

A．new words in writing

B．different dictionaries

C．the best way of reading

D．using an English-Chinese dictionary

In the dictionary you may not find_______.

A．how to pronounce the word

B．the spelling of the word

C．who used the word first

D．how to use the word

In an English-Chinese dictionary, the last word______.

A．begins with Z	B．begins with A
C．is a short one	D．is not often used

Which group of words is in the right order in an English-Chinese dictionary?

A．perhaps, produce, plenty

B．straight, subject, surprise

C．century, center, business

D．foreign, entrance, headache

In the passage the writer tries to tell us that_______.

A．we have to use a dictionary when we read something in English

B．an English-Chinese dictionary can tell us everything about a word

C．an English-Chinese dictionary can help us a lot in our English study

D．all English-Chinese dictionary are the same

If you want to become a better reader, what should you know about speed of reading?
Some people read very rapidly(很快地), while others read very slowly. But which one is better?
The rapid reader may be a good reader when he reads a storybook for fun. But he may not be able to slow down enough to read directions(说明) carefully. He may read so rapidly that he does not take time to understand fully the ideas and information which are important to remember.
The slow reader may be a good reader when he reads directions for making something. But he may spend too much time in reading a simple story which is meant to be enjoyed but is not important enough to be remembered.
So, you see, either a rapid reader or a slow reader is not really a good one. If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important things to remember about speed of reading.
1. Knowing why you are reading will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly.
2. Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are directions for making or doing something, science and history books, and Maths problems. You must read such things slowly or remember each important step and understand each important idea.
3. Some things should be read rapidly throughout. Examples are simple stories for enjoyment, letters from friends and bits of news from hometown papers.
4. In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along. You will need to read certain(某些) pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas.
What should be read rapidly?

A．Directions for making something. B．Maths problems. C．Science and history books. D．Storybooks, newspapers, personal letters, etc.

A．To read as fast as you can. B．To fit your reading speed to your needs. C．To read as slowly as possible. D．To keep your reading at a certain speed.

A．Something about Careful Reading B．Be a Rapid Reader. C．How to Read? D．How to Be a Slow Reader?

Happiness is important for everyone. Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Happiness depends on ourselves. In other words, we make our own happiness. Here are a few ways to help you be happier.
The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future—for example, getting into college or getting a good job-that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends tend(有……打算) to live happier and healthier lives.
The second secret to leading a happy life is to be active. Many people experience this, dancing or playing a sport. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity.
Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to do many meaningful things for other people. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone.
Title;

What happiness depends on?	Happiness depends on ______
_ to be happy ,	To enjoy_____in life.
To be active.
_.
Conclusion	Happiness is important for everyone and we make happiness by ourselves.

人人都有朋友 初中三年同学之间结下深厚的友谊。假设你叫张华，你的笔友李敏在下面这封信中介绍了他的学友，请你写一封70 词左右的回信，说说你好友的基本情况和兴趣爱好。
注意：1、回信的开头和结尾已给出.但不计入总词数：
2、信中请勿使用朋友的真实校名和姓名
Dear Zhang Hua.
How are you? In this letter I’d like to say something about my best friend.
My best friend is Gao Jun. He is fifteen. He is tall with short hair. We are in the same class.
Gao Jun is smart and friendly in class, he listens to the teachers carefully At home, he often helps his mother with housework He does well in all his lessons. And he is always ready to help others. So, everyone in our class likes him
Gao Jun seems to have a special interest in writing. He wants to be a writer in the future.
Both of us like playing basketball .We usually play it after class. We feel happy when we are together. I think we will be good friends forever.
What about your best friend? Can you tell me something about him( her)?
Yours.
Li Min.
Dear Li Min.
Thank you for telling me so much about your best friend Gao Jun.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours.
Zhang Hua

Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the nine o’clock Mystery Hour. Today we’ll show you two British stories. We hope you’ll enjoy them.
About 900 years ago two green children arrived in a small village in south England. Their eyes and skin were green and they spoke a strange language. They were very tired and weak, so the people of the village looked after them. The boy died a year later, but the girl grew strong and lived the rest of her life there. And her skin color turned back to normal day by day. Scientists say that sometimes of people don’t have enough food to eat for a long time, their skin goes very pale and can turn green.
Loch Ness is the largest lake in Scotland. It’s a very deep and cold lake. For hundreds of years, people have talked about a monster(怪物) called Nessie which lives in the lake. About seventy years ago, two people saw something moving in the lake. They said that the animal was playing and rolling around in the water. Since then many people say they have seen the monster. Their descriptions are always the same. It looks like a dinosaur, with a very long neck and a small head. It has a big bump(肿块)on its back. People have tried to photograph the animal, but the pictures have not been very clear. Scientists don’t know whether there is a monster or not. Some say it may be a whale or a very large fish. Some think it’s a snake. Others say there’s nothing at all— nothing but people’s imagination. Maybe we’ll never know what’s in Loch Ness.
What kind of story is talked about in this program?

A．Romantic stories.

B．Mysteries.

C．Horror stories.

D．Comedies.

Where did the stories happen?
        

A．

B．

C．

D．

Which sentence is TRUE about the two green children?

A．They both enjoyed a long and happy life.

B．The girl’s eyes and skin were green all her life.

C．At first they spoke the same language as people in the small village did.

D．Maybe they hadn’t eaten enough for long before they reached the village.

What does Nessie look like according to some witnesses? 

What can we learn from the second story?

A．Scientists are still not sure whether there is a monster or not in Loch Ness.

B．Loch Ness is very deep and warm lake in Scotland.

C．People have taken very clear pictures of Nessie.

D．In fact Nessie is a whale or a snake.

根据短文内容,选择正确答案.
Anger is a kind of feeling. Many things can make you angry. When your teacher gives you too much homework, when your team loses an important game, when a friend borrows your favorite thing and then breaks it, you can get really angry. Usually, your body tells you when you are angry. For example, you breathe(呼吸) faster, your face turns red, and you may want to break something or hit(打) someone, but sometimes, you hide(隐藏) your anger. For example, you may hide it in your heart. The problem is that if you do this, you may get a headache or your stomach may hurt. In fact, it’s not good to hide your anger, and it’s important for you to get angry sometimes. But anger must be let out in the right way, without hurting others or yourself. When you get angry, you can talk about it with other people It’s helpful to talk about your anger with an adult(成年人,大人), such as a parent, a teacher, etc. When you talk about anger, those bad feelings can start to go away. Here are some other things you can do when you start to feel angry: talk to a good friend; count from 1 to 100; give someone a hug(拥抱); go for a bike ride; think about good things, etc. Remember that how you act when you are angry can make everything better or worse. Don’t let your anger control you.
You may not get angry when __________.
A. there is too much homework on this weekend
B. your favorite basketball team wins the game
C. a friend breaks your favorite thing
________ shows that you are not angry.
A. Taking a faster breath
B. Getting a headache
C. Wanting to protect someone
According to the passage, you can do everything when you get angry except(除了) __________.
A. go for a bike ride
B. think about good things
C. say bad things to the people around you
The underlined(画线的) word “control” in the last paragraph（段）means _______ in Chinese.

A．控制

B．连接

C．帮助

D．失去

This passage is mainly(主要) about _________.
A. anger    B. excitement    C. happiness

Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)
Newcastle is beginning to draw tourists from all corners of Europe. It’s one of the fastest developing cities in the United Kingdom. It is said most visitors come here to see the famous soccer team play. The mood of the locals is often changed by the success or failures of the local team.
Newcastle’s most popular place is the Gate. It’s in the center of the city and has many attractions including bars, restaurants, sports bars, pubs and so on. During a home game it becomes a real home to happiness.
Culture and local history lovers can make their dreams come true by taking one of the local city tour buses. They come and leave every few minutes and stop at all the important historical sites in the city. Also the seats and the environment on the buses are comfortable. It’s the best way to see the city without tiring yourself out or getting cold. Places such as the Hancock Museum and Millennium Bridge are must-see attractions. But be careful if you’re short of time, Newcastle is a big place. So you should be prepared to kill a few hours on one of these buses.
If you want to watch the local team play soccer in the St. James Park, remember to book a ticket as early as possible. The locals are crazy soccer fans, and you’ll find it hard to get a ticket if you don’t wait in the queue early.                                                                                 
As you can see, Newcastle is a fantastic city with so much to be offered and so many things to see. You’re sure to have a wonderful time here!                                   
From the passage we know Newcastle is most famous for its_______.

A．soccer team

B．city restaurants

C．rich culture

D．historical sites

If you want to learn about the history and culture of Newcastle, you_____.

A．can go to the Gate	B．can take a city tour
C．must go to St James Park	D．must drive a car

The underlined word “They” in Para 3 refers to ______.

A．history lovers	B．historical sites
C．city tour buses	D．culture lovers

Which place is not in Newcastle? ______

A．St. James Park	B．The Hancock Museum
C．the Gate	D．the Tower Bridge

What can we learn from the passage?

A．Tourists will enjoy delicious food and have a good time in the Gate.

B．It’s usually easy to get a ticket for a local soccer team play.

C．Many world famous soccer matches are held in Newcastle every year.

D．Newcastle is a very small city with many famous attractions.

The author wrote this passage mainly in order to_______.

A．introduce the culture and history of Newcastle

B．tell people the popularity of soccer teams in Newcastle

C．introduce the characters of people in Newcastle

D．encourage people to visit Newcastle

Biodiversity(生物多样性), or biological diversity, is a wide-ranging concept that covers all the different kinds of plant and animal species present on earth. Environmentalists believe that many millions of species exist. As all these living organisms are dependent on each other in some way, biodiversity is desirable. Any loss to the planet is actually a loss for mankind as well, and it is our responsibility to try and save Earth’s biodiversity.
Biodiversity has a vital role to play in the evolution（演变）of species. Species become extinct, but new species evolve, and this is how a balance is maintained. This may sound pretty simple, but it takes millions of years for changes to take place.
Biodiversity is also very important to the stability of food webs. Damage to them can mean disaster for an entire ecosystem. The extinction of a single animal species can put huge pressure on the numerous other species dependent on it.
Biodiversity also has an important role to play in human society. Apart from being the most intelligent species on earth, human beings are also the most dependent. We depend on nature to meet our basic needs. When we change the balance of nature to create our cities and bring about our technical advances, we knowing or unknowing cause great damage to the ecosystem. This must be understood, and the damages must be reversed（颠倒）in any way they can to ensure that the balance of the ecosystem is maintained.
We learn from the first paragraph that_________.
A biodiversity can be seen
B all living species are found on earth.
C people everywhere are aware of the importance of biodiversity
D the loss of any species can affect humans
Why can change in food webs lead to disaster?
A Because it can make people suffer from disease
B Because it can put huge pressure on some species
C Because it takes a long time for such changes to take place
D Because it will damage ninety-nine percent of species
What does the underlined word probably mean?
A 画线  B Peace  C Strength  D Variety
We learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A humans are as independent as they are intelligent
B the balance of the ecosystem is easily maintained
C nature has given us a lot
D nature is taking revenge on us
Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
A Food Webs are Closely Related to Biodiversity.
B Biodiversity Plays a Very Important Role in Evolution
C How Biodiversity Affects Human Society.
D Understanding Biodiversity and Its Importance.