初中英语说明文试题

What can lead you to success？ The most important thing is what you do every day． It is very simple． Your habits will decide whether or not you are （1）　　in the future． If you have strong and healthy good habits， it doesn't matter whether you fail or not today， because you are sure to succeed in the end． Having good habits does not mean that you will succeed every time． However，if it goes long， you will （2）　　all your goals and be successful．（3）　　the other hand， if you have strong bad habits， you are sure to fail at last．

    Why are habits so important？ （4）　　you repeat the same action and the same behavior every day． A single good action will not change your life， but the same action repeated 1，000 times will have an important effect on your life．

    How can you （5）　　good habits？ There is nothing easier than developing good habits． You want to make a habit， and then you must do the action every day． If you want to develop the habit of eating （6）　　food， eat healthily every day． If you want to develop the habit of reading， read every day． The more you do an action， the easier it becomes in（7）　　end．

（1）A． success	B． succeed	C． successful	D． successfully
（2）A． achieve	B． achieved	C． achieving	D． achieves
（3）A． In	B． On	C． At	D． To
（4）A． But	B． While	C． Because	D． Since
（5）A． find	B． offer	C． realize	D． develop
（6）A． health	B． healthy	C． unhealthy	D． healthily
（7）A． the	B． an	C． a	D． /

Good manners are important． You need（1）　　at work and at school． You（2）　　need them at meals． At a nice（3）　　， remember some important manners． First， put your napkin on your lap． Do not leave it on the table． Eat your food（4）　　． Don't make any noise． Don't put your elbows on the table． That（5）　　polite． Take（6）　　bites of food and eat slowly． Use good manners， and everyone can（7）　　the meal．

（1）A． it	B． him	C． them
（2）A． once	B． also	C． only
（3）A． meal	B． dinner	C． breakfast
（4）A． quietly	B． quickly	C． slowly
（5）A． is	B． isn't	C． may be
（6）A． big	B． full	C． small
（7）A． eat	B． have	C． enjoy

Being street smart is an important skill to have and a good way to take care of yourself．

Always carry your phone with you， but do not look at（1） 　　while yon are walking． Being able to communicate or call for help is important，so keep a list of useful numbers． But put your phone away while you are walking so that you can keep your（2） 　　up and see what's going on around． If you do need to check your phones，（3） 　　and look at it quickly．

Don't wear earphones（4） 　　you are out． If you have to（5） 　　something when you're out， use only one earphone or play it at a very low volume（音量）．

Travel with（6） 　　or family members when possible and never go anywhere with a stranger． It's（7） 　　to be careful with strangers． Remember not to get into a stranger's car if they call you over．

（8） 　　dark and out﹣of﹣the﹣way places． Do not take short cuts through dark areas， even if it will make your trip much faster． If you have to go to unsafe places， go（9） 　　someone you know or speak to someone over the phone while you are there．

Run and shout if you feel unsafe． Run away as fast as you can towards a police station， hospital， or nearby business for（10） 　　 ． Shout as loudly as you can to get the attention of people nearby．

（1）A． me	B． it	C． him	D． her
（2）A． head	B． nose	C． hands	D． arms
（3）A． walk	B． run	C．stop	D． start
（4）A． though	B． unless	C． until	D． while
（5）A． look for	B． wait for	C． listen to	D． talk to
（6）A． parents	B． brothers	C． sisters	D． friends
（7）A． important	B． impossible	C． boring	D． interesting
（8）A． Find	B． Avoid	C． Visit	D． Clean
（9）A． to	B． for	C． with	D． without
（10）A． help	B． drink	C． money	D． medicine

The human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms, but it can, hold much more information than most computers. However, there is another difference between humans and computers. Computers don't forget information they are given, but humans often do. No one remembers everything, and luckily we don't usually have to. But everyone can improve their memory if they want to. Here are some suggestions.
◆Try to use new information immediately. For example, if you meet someone who says "Hi! I'm Carlos," don't just say "Hello." Repeat the person's name. Say"____"
◆Break a big number into smaller parts. For example, it's hard to memorize 109244153. But if you break it into three parts--109/244/153—it becomes easier.
◆Write out what you need to remember over and over again. This will help you keep it in mind longer, especially for memorizing formulas (公式) or facts.
◆Always review information. If you bring what you've learned back to your mind, they become easier to remember. For example, before you go to sleep, it’s a good idea to review the new things you learned that day.
◆Discuss with a friend. It is always easier to remember things through discussions. You can have a discussion about what’s right and what's wrong, and it will lead to the right answer.
◆Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory. You can always do something to help improve your memory. And everyone's memory gets better if they use it often enough.
All of the suggestions are helpful. If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory.
How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

Which should be put in the blank (空格) in Paragraph 2？

A．Hello, Carlos.	B．How do you do?
C．Hello, I am Sophia.	D．Glad to meet you!

What can help memorize a big number more easily according to the passage?

A．To store it in a computer.

B．To break it into stunner parts.

C．To discuss it with a friend.

D．To review it before you sleep.

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Discussing with friends can help you remember things.

B．Always reviewing information can help you fall asleep.

C．Formulas and facts can help you learn about your brain.

D．Human beings can improve their memory by computer.

What does the sentence "Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory” mean?

A．You should tell others about your bad memory.

B．You should believe in other people all the time.

C．You should ask others to improve their memory.

D．You should be confident in your memory ability.

The H1Nl virus has been spreading world-wide，it is important for us to know how to control it．Please pay attention to the following points：
1．Don't touch your face．Above all，keep your hands away from your eyes，mouth and nose，all of which serve pathways(途径) for the viruses(病毒) to enter your body．
2．Wash your hands．If you have to touch your face，wash your hands，getting under the fingernails for 20 to 30 seconds with hot soap and water before．Soaps with surfactants(表面活性剂) can deal with flu viruses．
3．Cover your nose and mouth．When someone sneezes or coughs，liquid(液体) drops with flu viruses as far as three feet through the air and land on your nose and mouth，so it's best to keep at least an arm's length distance when talking to someone who shows signs of infection(感染)．In order to protect others，cover your mouth and nose with a tissue(纸巾) when you cough or sneeze，and clean your hands afterward．Viruses can live for hours，or even longer when on the skin or other surfaces such as keyboards．
4．Consider buying a mask in case you need it in the future．Some research suggests that masks reduce the risk of getting the flu viruses by as much as 80%．But it also suggests that if you don't wash hands，the mask doesn't work well．So wash your hands and use the mask，especially wearing face masks in crowded places is also useful．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
The article mainly tells ________．

A．the H1N1 virus has been spreading world-wide

B．how to control the H1N1 virus

C．cover your nose and mouth

D．everyone should buy a mask in the future

How does the viruses enter your body easily?

A．Get though your mouth．	B．Get though your nose．
C．Get though your eyes．	D．All of the above．

What can we do with the flu viruses?

A．Water．

B．Masks．

C．Soaps with surfactants．

D．Tissues．

How long can the viruses live on the skin or other surfaces such as keyboards?

A．For an hour．

B．For several hours．

C．For two weeks．

D．For a year．

Which of the statements is Not True?

A．Wash your hands before meals．

B．When you cough or sneeze，you should cover your mouth and nose with a tissue．

C．You shouldn't often touch your mouth，eyes and nose．

D．When you put a mask，you can often go to the crowded places．

     A zero﹣waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish．So，a zero﹣waste theme store is about （1）　　people with a number of every day，practical and pleasant zero﹣waste products to help them start on a one﹣stop，zero﹣waste life journey．

      "Zero waste"or "danshari "was first （2）　　by a French woman Bea Johnson．"Live a life and try not to create any rubbish；use different methods to protect the earth．" she said．

       Yu Yuan，27 ，is（3）　　attracted by this idea．

       She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years．And earlier she used to be a customer without thinking a lot （4）　　she saw a video about"zero waste"．

     The （5）　　 is about a family of four，and the rubbish they produce every year is placed in a jar．

    After watching the video，Yu wanted to（6）　　this zero﹣waste lifestyle with her boyfriend．

     Yu says that a zero﹣waste life （7）　　the 6R principle﹣﹣Refuse，Reduce ，Reuse，Repair，Recycle and Rot（腐烂）．

     Over August﹣October when Yu followed the principle of zero waste 6R，she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both （8）　　only two cans of rubbish．

      Now，the couple have opened a small （9）　　called The Bulk House in Nanluoguxiang，Beijing，to support a zero﹣waste life．

       At the store they use environmentally friendly products．For example，they use wood products to

replace （10）　　ones and prepare cloth bags printed with zero﹣waste logos for customers．Most of the products sold in the store can be reused，and a small number of （11）　_　which are not recyclable can egrade（分解）．The store （12）　　has secondhand books and audio﹣visual CD/DVDs．

    For used toiletries（things like soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself）there is company which accepts them，and the couple regularly mails their waste to it．

       Yu says that those who were once not （13）　　in the zero﹣waste lifestyle have gradually changed because of curiosity．The zero﹣waste lifestyle，she adds，is for everyone．

      "It's （14）　　us at our fingertips．"Yu expects some of her friends to （15）　　her on the road to zero waste．As the saying goes，many hands make light work．

（1）A．offering	B．providing	C．giving	D．affording
（2）A．invented	B．found	C．discovered	D．suggested
（3）A．hardly	B．luckily	C．clearly	D．deeply
（4）A．unless	B．until	C．after	D．when
（5）A．video	B．film	C．article	D．newspaper
（6）A．experience	B．change	C．represent	D．spend
（7）A．accepts	B．receives	C．follows	D．believes
（8）A．saved	B．produced	C．kept	D．wasted
（9）A．shop	B．factory	C．hotel	D．company
（10）A．paper	B．cloth	C．silk	D．plastic
（11）A．it	B．them	C．their	D．its
（12）A．too	B．either	C．also	D．only
（13）A．proud	B．worried	C．amazed	D．interested
（14）A．behind	B．around	C．ahead	D．above
（15）A．organize	B．record	C．join	D．encourage

Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device which uses satellites to find the user’s position. It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.

GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate (精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people ______.

A．can’t be lost in a new city

B．can’t find their way in different countries

C．can learn about the culture of an unknown place

D．can spend the least time getting to another place

We can learn from the passage that ______.

A．there are three parts to the GPS

B．a GPS can’t be put into a watch

C．a GPS can help you start your car

D．the GPS are becoming more and more expensive

The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “______”.

A．Receivers

B．GPS devices

C．Satellites

D．Ground stations

The passage is mainly about ______.

A．the history of the GPS	B．the introduction of the GPS
C．the shape of the GPS	D．the three parts of the GPS

What can we infer(推断) from the passage? ______

A．All GPS devices have electronic maps.

B．People in many countries will use the GPS for free.

C．The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.

D．The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.

Height is just one of the thousands of features that your genes (基因) decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then maybe you will be tall, too, but if you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out.
But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential (潜力). Getting enough sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the right height.
Maybe you’re wondering how fast you should grow. There’s no right answer. Kids grow about 2 inches (5 centimeters) a year between age 3 and the time they start puberty（青春期） .
Your doctor will know how your growth (生长) has been going over the years. Two centimeters here and 2 inches there are not nearly as important as the height you’re at now, how you’ve been growing up to this point, and what other changes your body may be going through.
Don’t be worried if you have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a very quick growth during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later —between 7 and 13 for girls, 9 and 15 for boys.
You’ll usually begin to find that you’re growing faster about a year after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty.
If you want to know how fast and how tall you should grow, _______.

A．you should have enough exercise

B．you can ask doctors for help

C．you should protect the environment

D．you can record your growth during puberty

This passage is mainly about _______.

A．how the genes work in your body

B．when the time you grow fast is

C．why you look like your parents

D．how you grow to a certain (某一) height

After reading this passage, we can explain (解释) _______.

A．how good it is to be a doctor

B．how much sleep we need

C．why genes can’t decide everything

D．what an unhealthy diet is

Stop. Listen! What do you hear? You may hear many different sounds. Some of those sounds may be noise. Noise is a loud or unwanted sound.
Noise can be caused by many kinds of machines, such as motorcycles, jet planes and farm tractors(拖拉机). Rock music is also noise.
What happens to people who live near noisy machines or use them over a period of time? Doctors have found that these people have trouble in sleeping. But, most important, constant(不断的) loud noise can cause a loss of hearing.
Scientists use a unit of measure called decibel(分贝) to measure the loudness of a sound. The sound of a quiet room, for example, measures 35 decibels. Talking measures between 40 and 65 decibels. Sounds from traffic and from some rock bands can measure over 120 decibels. Noise at this high level(层次) causes the great hearing loss.
According to the passage, noise is      .

A．any kind of sound	B．a loud or unwanted sound
C．all sounds that you can hear	D．terrible sound

A decibel is a      .

A．unit that measures sound	B．kind of noise
C．machine that makes loud noise	D．person who hates sound

According to the passage, loud noise can      .

A．help people to sleep better	B．stop machines
C．cause a loss of hearing	D．kill people

We can conclude from the passage that      .

A．noise is a serious problem	B．rock music isn’t noise
C．noise is only from traffic	D．some people hate any sound

Study the diagram below.       would be the quietest.

Room	Noise Level
A	40~65 decibels
B	35 decibels
C	120 decibels
D	130 decibels

A. Room A       B. Room B           C. Room C           D. Room D 

Now people can pay by scanning（扫描）their faces while shopping． Is it（1） 　　to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies？ Amazon has a new technology that scans（2） 　　．

The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand． The scanner examines things such as finger prints． It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is．

In September 2019， Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket． People can pay （3） 　　by scanning their hands under a machine． Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards， so they can pay successfully． It's quite convenient， especially for（4）___ 　　people． With this new technology， people（5） 　　take their cards with them． They just scan their hands．

（1）A． possible	B． important	C． strange
（2）A． eyes	B． faces	C． hands
（3）A． usually	B． simply	C． really
（4）A． old	B． poor	C． smart
（5）A． mustn't	B． can't	C． needn't

The human brain weighs about 1.4 kilograms, but it can hold much more information than most computers. However, there is another difference between humans and computers. Computers don’t forget information they are given, but humans often do. No one remembers everything, and luckily we don’t usually have to. But everyone can improve their memory if they want to. Here are some suggestions.
◆Try to use new information immediately. For example, if you meet someone who says “Hi! I’m Carlos,” don’t just say “Hello.” Repeat the person’s name. Say “_________”
◆Break a big number into smaller parts. For example, it’s hard to memorize (记忆) 109244153. But if you break it into three parts--109/244/153—it becomes easier.
◆Write out what you need to remember over and over again. This will help you keep it in mind longer, especially for memorizing formulas (公式) or facts.
◆Always review information. If you bring what you’ve learned back to your mind, they become easier to remember. For example, before you go to sleep, it’s a good idea to review the new things you learned that day.
◆Discuss with a friend. It is always easier to remember things through discussions. You can have a discussion about what’s right and what’s wrong, and it will lead to the right answer.
◆Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory. You can always do something to help improve your memory. And everyone’s memory gets better if they use it often enough.
All of the suggestions are helpful. If you follow them, you are certain to improve your memory.
How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Five.

D．Six.

Which should be put in the blank (空格) in Paragraph 2？

A．Hello, Carlos.	B．How do you do?
C．Hello, I am Sophia.	D．Glad to meet you!

What can help memorize a big number more easily according to the passage?

A．To store it in a computer.

B．To break it into smaller parts.

C．To discuss it with a friend.

D．To review it before you sleep.

What does the sentence "Never tell yourself that you have a bad memory” mean?

A．You should tell others about your bad memory.

B．You should believe in other people all the time.

C．You should ask others to improve their memory.

D．You should be confident in your memory ability.

Space travel is nothing new． The first spacecraft with a human was sent up（1） 　　space in 1961． Since then， people have not only traveled to space，（2） 　　many of them have lived there in space stations for some time．

The Soviet Union（前苏联） sent the（3） 　　space station into space in 1971． This space station was called Salyut 1． Salyut 1（4） 　　as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments． The first group of astronauts lived there for 23days． The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations． At about the same time， the United States had（5） 　　own space station， called Skylab．

Astronauts（6） 　　in these space stations for a short time． However， it wasn't until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a （7） 　　time．

Living in space stations seems to be fun， but astronauts face many problems． One of them （8） 　　food． All the（9） 　　on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle． Because the food has to last a long time （sometimes up to three months）， a lot of it has to be stored in cans． The space station does not have a fridge， but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh． Astronauts also eat many other foods（10） 　　dried meat that do not need special care．

（1）A． into	B． with	C． of
（2）A． or	B． but	C． unless
（3）A． ones	B． one	C． first
（4）A． found	B． was built	C． was brought
（5）A． them	B． they	C． its
（6）A． lived	B． played	C． took
（7）A． more	B． shorter	C． longer
（8）A． am	B． is	C． are
（9）A． apple	B． vegetable	C． meals
（10）A． such as	B． at last	C． next to

The season in Australia are not like ours. When it is winter in China, it is summer there. Australia is a southern country. It is in the south of the world. June, July and August are the winter months; September, October and November are spring; the summer is in December, January and February; and March, April and May are the autumn months. The north country is hotter than the south.
A very large part of this country has no rain at all. The east coast has rain all year, and there are no dry months there. The southeast winds blow all the year. They bring rain from the sea. There is not much rain on the west side. The southeastern part of Australia has summer rain from the southeast winds. They only blow here in summer.
The southwestern part of Australia has winter rain. The west winds blow over the southwest in winter only. In summer, the southwest of the country has no rain. In the north of Australia, there is no rain in winter. The rain comes in winter. The northwest winds bring it.
It is _________in Australia in November.

A．spring	B．summer
C．autumn	D．winter

The ________of the Australia has the most rain.

A．eastern part	B．southeastern part
C．southern part	D．northern part

The southwest of the country has no rain in summer because___________.

A．it is dry there

B．the west winds never blow

C．the northwest winds blow

D．the winds blow only in winter

There is no rain in winter__________.

A．in the southeast of Australia

B．in the north of Australia

C．in the southwest of Australia

D．in the east of Australia

LONDON—Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is to send a few comets (彗星) in the direction of Earth, and its orbit (轨道)will be changed. Our world will then be sent moving into a safer older part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US NASA (美国航空航天局) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—hopefully doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr. Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams, needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid (小行星) so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy (重力势能) to Earth.
“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the sun,” Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter(木星) or Saturn (土星). The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated.
In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to worldwide warming, although the team was actually worried about a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere (生物圈)—by cooking us.
That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying sides, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation (误算)in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly results.
There is also the question of the moon. As the present issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its present location, it is “most likely the moon would be stripped (剥离)away from Earth,” it states. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.
What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?

A．A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth.

B．Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon.

C．Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive.

D．The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth.

If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of ________ years.

A．12 billion	B．6 billion
C．18 billion	D．24 billion

What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?

A．The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon.

B．Earth might be moved too far away and man might die because of the coldness.

C．The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth.

D．Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened.

What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?

A．provide	B．benefit (收益)
C．share	D．Endanger

What is health？"Health" means eating well， getting enough exercise， and having a healthy weight． Let's read the following rules． （1）　　．

    1．Eat different kinds of foods， especially fruit and vegetables． We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy，（2）　　Remember that we can only get the nutrition（营养） we need by eating different kinds of foods， especially fruit and vegetables．

    2．Drink water and milk more often． Besides water， kids need plenty of calcium（钙） to grow strong bones（骨头），and milk is rich in it． Every day，you should drink at least three cups of milk when you are 9 years old or older． You should also try to have less sugary drinks．（3）　　

    3．Listen to your body． When you are eating， notice how your body feels．（4）_____　Eating too much makes you feel uncomfortable．

    4．Limit（限制） screen time． What's screen time？ It's the time you spend watching TV，movies and playing computer games． The more time you spend on these siting﹣down activities，（5）　　Try to spend more time on sports every day．

A． They include a lot of sugar．

B． the less food you will eat．

C． They can help you keep healthy．

D． but many of us only eat our favourite food．

E． the less time you spend playing sports．

F． When your stomach feels full， stop eating．