初中英语说明文试题

Can you remember a world before the Internet? If you answer is “no” then you are probably a millennial．Millennials are the new generation of young Americans．They were born between l982 and l992．There are 33 million of them，and they are just starting to enter the workforce（劳动力）．Many experts believe that millennials are different from young Americans of past generations．They also believe that millenials will change the workforce in important ways．
How are millennials different? They are the first generation born in the computer age．The internet has always been a part of their lives．They spend about l 6 hours a week on the Internet，and this doesn’t include e-mail．And they spend 72 hours a week using other electronic media（媒体），including mobile phones and video games．They are “nation speakers” of the language of the computer age．People who were born earlier will never be native speakers of that language．Why not? They did not grow up “speaking” it．
How will millennials change the workforce? To answer that question，it is important to understand how millennials use the Internet．They use the Internet to communicate．They visit website such as FaceBook and MySpace every day．They share（分享）ideas，music， information，games，and friendships with people all over the world．When they start working，they will want to share their work and ideas with others．
It is also important to understand the way millennials grew up．Their parents and teachers gave them a lot of attention．They taught them that their opinions were valuable（有价值的）．As a result，many millennials are very confident．At work，they will expect their co-workers and bosses to listen to their opinions．
Millennials also grew up with a lot of structure in their lives．Many of them went to school from the age of two or three and played on sports teams．At work，they will expect the rules to be clear．They will also expect a strong but fair boss，like a coach on a sports team．They will follow the person in charge（主管）if he or she is fair．But they will not follow an unfair boss．They will also expect their work to be fun and creative，similar to their experience on a sports team．
These are a few of the changes that experts believe millennials will bring to the American workforce．But the world is changing very fast．There will probably be more changes that are difficult to imagine today．
According to the first paragraph of the passage，which of the following is NOT true?

A．Millennials belong to a new generation．

B．Millennials were born about ten years ago．

C．Millennials are entering the workforce．

D．Millennials know little about the world before the Internet．

Which is the main reason that make the experts believe millennials are different from young Americans of past generations?

A．Millennials can speak a better native language．

B．Millennials grow up with computers and Internet．

C．Millennials use mobile phones and e-mails often．

D．Millennials spend long hours playing video games．

Why do the millennials expect to share their work and ideas with others?

A．Because they know how to use the Internet to make new friends．

B．Because they understand how to communicate with new friends．

C．Because they grow up sharing ideas，music，information，games，and friendships with others by the Internet．

D．Because the Internet can provide all the information they need．

According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?

A．Millennials grow up with more attention from their parents and teachers．

B．Many millennials are showing more confident than others at work．

C．Many millennials give more valuable opinions to their c0—workers and bosses．

D．Many of the millennials have had fun and creative experiences when they are on sports teams．

From the passage we know that ________．

A．the number of the millennials had come to 33 million by the end of l982

B．most of the millennnials learn native computer language in schools．

C．millennials require their bosses to be healthier and the rules clearer at work

D．more changes will probably be brought to the American workforce by millennials

先阅读（A）、(B)两篇短文，然后根据题目要求及所给语境完成下列四项任务。

careful  rule   finish  something  learn

 
A good way to pass an examination is to work hard every day in the year. You may fail in the examination if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the examination. If you are taking an English examination, don't learn only         of grammar.
Try to read stories in English and speak in English whenever you can. A few days before examination you should start going to bed early. Do not stay up late at night       things. Before you start the examination, read        over the examination paper. Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you have at last       your examination, read your answers, correct any mistakes that you see and make sure that you have not          out.
(B)
As we all know, books teach us to learn life, truth, science and many other useful things. They increase our knowledge, open our minds and strengthen our character. In other words, they are our good teachers and wise friends. This is the reason why our parents always encourage us to read more books. Reading is a good thing, but we must pay great attention to the choice of books. It is true that we can get benefits from good books. Textbooks, newspapers, magazines and other kinds of reading materials can help us know more about the outside world and help us grow into an excellent person. Besides, reading is also one of the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English. Reading makes a full man! Let’s start reading now.
任务1：用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。（每空一词，每词限用一次）
任务2：根据英文释义及首字母提示，拼写单词。
c________: something that you can choose
i________:to become or make sth greater in number , quality, size and so on
任务3：同义词转换，每空一词。
Besides, reading is also among the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English.
_____
______, reading is also among the most important ways to learn a foreign language like English.
任务4：根据短文内容简答问题。
What can textbooks, newspapers, magazines and other kinds of reading materials help us know about?
______________________________________

A greeting is a way of saying “Hello” to someone．People in different countries greet each other in different ways．Here are some．

World Greetings

Philippines	The everyday greeting for friends is a handshake for both men and women．Men sometimes pat each other on the back．
Japan	When people meet for the first time, they usually bow．In business, people also shake hands．In formal situations, people often exchange business cards．When you give a business card, give it with two hands．This is polite．Special note: In Japan, a smile can have different meanings．It usually means that the person is happy, or that the person thinks something is funny．But it can also mean that the person is embarrassed．
New Zealand	Usually, both men and women shake hands when they meet someone for the first time． Fun fact: If you see two people pressing their noses together, they are probably Maori．The Maori are the native（当地的）people of New Zealand．This is their traditional greeting．
Brazil	Men often shake hands when they meet for the first time． When women meet, they kiss each other on the cheek．Women also kiss male friends to say hello． When you shake hands, look at the person in the eyes．This shows interest and friendliness．

In which country do men sometimes pat each other on the back?

A．Philippines

B．Brazil

C．Japan

D．New Zealand

In this passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned（提及）?

A．Kisses

B．Hugs

C．Bows

D．Handshakes

Of the five pictures above （a, b, c, d and e）, which is the same way to greet each other in the four countries?

A．a

B．b

C．c

D．d

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Both men and women shake hands in Brazil when they meet．

B．Japanese won’t smile until they feel very happy．

C．The Maori often press their noses together to greet each other．

D．In Philippines, people shake hands only when they meet for the first time．

What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the passage?

A．Different ways of greetings．

B．Four countries．

C．Some fun facts．

D．Some special notes．

Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world．Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee．They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way．So they say a cup of coffee is necessary for them in the morning．
Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains active? It is caffeine（咖啡因）．Caffeine may increase a person’s mental and physical abilities（精力和体力）．For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment  body temperature．All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous．
Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods．A little caffeine is probably not harmful．But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless．
The underlined word “augment” means ___________ ．

A．make more

B．drink

C．stop

D．make less

From this passage, we may know that drinking a cup of coffee late at night might ______ ．

A．give you a headache	B．make you fall asleep
C．keep you awake	D．may be dangerous

Caffeine is found in ___________ ．

A．tea and water

B．chocolate, meat and some other foods

C．coffee and cream

D．coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years

B．Caffeine does no harm to our body．

C．Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature．

D．Caffeine may increase human’s mental and physical abilites．

A good title for this passage is ___________ ．

A．Coffee Is Harmful	B．Coffee and Tea
C．Caffeine and Health	D．Caffeine Is Useful

阅读理解
There are trains to carry people，trains to carry animals or carry things．There are fast trains and slow ones．Some trains go through hills．In big cities，the streets are usually very busy．So you can find trains under the ground．they carry people quickly in and out of the big cities．Can a train run over the water？Yes，it can．There are many bridges over the rivers．The trains can easily run over the water．But it is not easy to build the bridges．Today’s trains have dining rooms for people．You may eat something in them on the way if you are hungry．Trains are useful to men，women and children．Many children have model trains．With the model trains they can build their own rails(铁轨) and enjoy the wonderful world of trains．
There are all kinds of trains．Here " all kinds of trains" means ________．

A．fast trains and slow trains

B．many different kinds of trains

C．trains to go through hills

D．trains to carry people

The trains carry people in and out of the big cities under the ground because ________．

A．the streets are very busy

B．the cities are big

C．the trains have dining rooms

D．the cities are too small

If you are hungry，you may go to ________ of the train to have something to eat when you are traveling by train．

A．some rooms

B．some shops

C．the dining room

D．the station

It’s ________ for trains to run over the water but ________to build bridges．

A．easy；easy

B．easily；not easy

C．difficult；easily

D．easy；difficult

Which of the following is WRONG？

A．There are dining rooms in trains．

B．There are fast trains and slow trains．

C．The trains can only carry people．

D．We can see trains under the ground．

Do you know something about the holiday camps(野营) in Hong Kong？The students in Hong Kong used to take part in an English holiday camp in their holidays. And their parents weren’t with them, though they were very young.
Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents. Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to learn some practical knowledge in their life, and also learn some knowledge about living skills, science ,reading and writing… The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.
Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive. Most of the families can afford to send their children there for further study, for making their bodies strong…And the government never charges(收费) them.
It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things. Perhaps it has something to do with the kinds of holiday camps.
Students in Hong Kong used to take part in the       .

A．holiday camps

B．English holiday camps

C．science holiday camps

D．Chinese holiday camps

When students in Hong Kong are in the holidays camps, their parents        .

A．must be with them

B．have to pay a lot of money

C．must stay at home

D．aren’t with them

The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps in Hong Kong is          .

A．to learn some foreign languages

B．to learn much knowledge about many things

C．to learn to look after themselves

D．to have further study about many subjects

The cost(费用) to take part in a holiday camp is        .

A．very expensive

B．not so cheap

C．very high

D．very low

The students who often take part in holiday camps     .

A．must have much knowledge about many things

B．must be very tall

C．must be very thin(瘦)

D．must be very cool

任务型阅读（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
圣诞节就要到了。请根据希望小学学生们的述说，给他们寄去一份合适的礼物吧。请仔细阅读1---5个小题，从A，B，C，D中找出相应的圣诞礼物。

David Beckham is my idol (偶像). I like soccer. I want to be a soccer player like him.
I like running, but my shoes are broken (破的).I want a new pair of shoes.
It’s very cold (冷) now. But I have no sweaters. My parents can’t buy one for me.
The students want to learn English well. They need _________.
I’m in Grade 6. There are many books, but I don’t have a schoolbag.

Water is the most common substance(物质) found on the earth, but less than 1% of the earth’s water is suitable for drinking. More than 1,000,000,000 people around the world survive on just over 1 galon of water a day. Probebly more than 3,000,000,000 people may suffer from not having enough water by the year 2025. You are considered lucky if you live in a country where you can drink water out of your kitchen tap or bathroom tap. People in some countries have to pay for drinking water at home. So clean water is one of our most valuabe natural resources(资源).
In fact, peole waste(浪费) so much clean water today. In factories lots of water is wasted. At home many people are not taking showers but still baths, and many are brushing their teeth with the tap turned on. Children are no longer taught how to save water….
You can save clean water in many ways. For example, if you keep gold fish, the tank water excellent for graden plants. And when you wash a milk bottle, pour the water on your house plants. Putting a brick or a water into your toilet tank many help use less water, saving many gallons over a long time.
Using rainwater is another simple way to save clean water. You can use rainwater to wash your hands after gardening, flush the toilet, and wash your car, your pet, your driveway when they are dirty.
For the same reason, people in Malaysia are encourageed to use rainwater. If one has a house with a small garden, he would buy a huge plastic tank to keep rainwater for their daily life.
We can learn from the passage ______.

A．when man can’t live without water

B．where there is no water resource

C．why there is less water on the earth

D．how important it is to save water

According to the passage, one of the ways to save water is _______.

A．to stop keeping gold fish

B．to pay much for drinking water

C．to use it in a clever way

D．to educate those who waste water

The underlined word “flush” in Paragraph 4 means “_______”.

A．clean something with water

B．pour water over something

C．make somehting wet with water

D．get water out of someghing

People are ecouraged to use rainwater _______.

A．so that is can make our life easier

B．so that clean water can be kept for other uses

C．because is it free and easy to get

D．because there is no claen water left for them

阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题, 并将最佳答案填入下列方框内。

direct /dI'rekt/ adj.,v. ▪ adj. with nothing or nobody in between; immediate. ▪ v. to tell or show sb how to get somewhere. Can you direct me to the bus station? direction /dI'rekʃn/ n. way that a person moves or faces.

striker /straIk/ n., v. ▪ n. stopping of work by workers because of a disagreement. ▪ v. (pt, pp: struck /strʌk/) hit (sb/sth) The stone struck me on the head.

sudden /'sʌdn/ adj. happening, coming or done quickly. ◇ The driver made a sudden turn in the road. suddenly/'sʌdənli/ adv. quickly ◇ He went to America suddenly.

valuable /'væljuəbl/ adj. very useful or important. Don’t waste any valuable time. value/' vælju:/ n., v.

 
阅读以上词条，选择最佳答案。
Which of the following words is the first in alphabetical(字母的) order in a dictionary?

A．strike

B．direct

C．sudden

D．valuable

The pronunciation of the word “sudden” is         .

A．/straIk/	B．/dI'rekt/
C．/'sʌdn/	D．/ 'væljuəbl/

What’s the past form of the word “strike”?

A．strike

B．striked

C．struck

D．striking

Which sentence is wrong after learning these words in the dictionary?

A．The ball struck me on the nose.

B．We direct the old man to the park.

C．The car stopped suddenly.

D．The time is value.

What are the Chinese meanings of the words “strike”, “direct”, “sudden”, and “valuable”?

A．击打；指引；突然的；有价值的

B．指引；击打；有价值的；突然的

C．突然的；有价值的；击打；指引

D．指引；突然的；击打；有价值的

What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go.
The last few days of every year in big cities in China, when everyone returns home, have been the worst headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. There will be less and less people reading news on paper and the cost of making and buying newspaper will be reduced. In the future, digital (数字的) newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel (燃料). Coal,natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy (能源). And the alternative ways of energy will help reduce the cost and pollution, too.
Schools will go electronic (电子化). Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail.Students will find their personal teachers to ask for special help for those the robot teachers cannot do.  And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.
The newspapers will disappear __________.

A．in 28 years	B．by 2020
C．by 2053	D．in 38 years

The underlined the alternative ways in the 4^th paragraph means _________.

A．modern ideas	B．other choices
C．wise methods	D．natural means

From the passage we can know  _______  in the future.

A．the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem

B．90percent of the population will live in the city

C．robot teachers will check homework on computers

D．readers can discuss with each other through Internet

The passage mainly tells us ______________.

A．future changes in many ways	B．computers will be important
C．new things will be	D．old things will be gone

My name is James.
In my family there’s my mother—Anna, and my father—John, and my brother—Jeff. Jeff is the joker(滑稽的人) in the family, and we like him.
My mom’s parents will visit us this Sunday. They’re very cool. Tony, that’s my grandfather, He likes music very much, and Grace, my grandmother, can dance (跳舞).
Look at the photo. These are my mom’s brother and his wife, Uncle Peter and Aunt Emma, and their son, Bill. Bill likes to play computer games, and we have a good day this Sunday.

We each have a memory. That’s why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do the again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning languages. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear， remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.
Some people can easily learn many things by heart because __________ .

A．they always sleep well

B．they often eat good foot

C．they read a lot of books

D．they have very good memories

Everybody learns his mother language __________ .

A．at the age of six

B．when he is a small child

C．after he goes to school

D．when he can read and write

In school the pupils can’t learn a foreign language easily because __________ .

A．they have no good memories

B．they have no good teachers

C．they don’t like it

D．they are busy with other subjects

Your memory will become better and better __________ .

A．if you have a lot of good food

B．if you do more and more exercises

C．if you do morning exercises every day

D．if you get up early

People are always afraid of making mistakes. But sometimes it's not bad to make mistakes, and here is why.
At first, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It's always good to try new things, because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try new things, how can you improve? How can you create? The simple answer is. "You can't." Look around you, everything you see is the result of someone trying new things.
Another good thing about mistakes is this: when you are making mistakes, you are learning. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb (电灯泡). When he was asked how he felt to fail so many times, he said that he hadn't failed 10,000 times, but had learned 10,000 things that didn't work.
Finally, when you make a mistake, you are that much closer to success. Why? Because you have said what you should say, and you have done what you should do. Every time you make a mistake, you are closer to success. But it doesn't mean that you can make mistakes without thinking. Instead, when you try new things you have to think them over, so that you can keep away from some unnecessary mistakes.
We shouldn't spend all our time and money on the only one way, but use them correctly. Because our time and money are limited(有限的).
There is an old saying, "If you are not making mistakes, you are not trying hard enough." So go bravely and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And succeed.
If you are making a mistake, that means_______________.

A．you're careful	B．you're kind
C．you're growing	D．you know nothing

If you never try new things, you can't______

A．improve	B．disappear
C．spend	D．blame

After Edison failed 10,000 times, he______

A．gave up

B．invented the light bulb

C．invented the computer

D．invented 10,000 new things

When you make a mistake, you are closer to_______

A．school	B．money
C．success	D．everything

Do you think of white when someone talks about a polar bear? In fact, the polar（北极） bear does not have white fur. It just appears to be white. Polar bears have a very good sense of smell. It helps them to find food. During summer, polar bears sleep longer, because they are able to find their food more easily at night. Usually, after a meal, polar bears have a short sleep. A polar bear can have 2-3 babies at a time. They live with their mothers until they are about two-and-a-half years old.
However, polar bears will die out soon because of people. There are only 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears in the world. The ones that are left are trying to survive today. The number of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller because of the loss of sea ice— polar bears mostly inhabit (居住于) the sea ice, not the land ice. This is happening because of global warming (全球气候变暖), pollution, hunting and so on.
Ordinary people don't care, but great people have the power and want to save tigers, fight for giant pandas and save polar bears. Ordinary people will wait, but great people will find a new world. For me, I will not waiting. I will take the bus more often from now on. Join me and save the polar bears, and, of course, the tigers, the giant pandas and...
According to the passage, which of these answers does NOT make sea ice less?

A．Global warming.	B．Pollution.
C．Hunting.	D．Travelling.

What can we learn from the passage?

A．Polar bear fur is white.

B．Perhaps the writer will drive his car less.

C．It's harder for polar bears to find food in summer.

D．Polar bears left have a good, happy life.

What does the word "ordinary" mean in Chinese?

A．勤劳的

B．聪慧的

C．普通的

D．坚强的

What is the main idea of this passage?

A．To show that the number of polar bears is getting smaller.

B．To tell people that polar bears will soon have nowhere to live.

C．To let people know why polar bears are in danger.

D．To talk about polar bears and suggest that people protect animals.

Where can this passage come from?

A．A magazine about animals.	B．A book about greetings.
C．A poster about working plans.	D．An instruction book.

A lift is very useful. It looks like a small room. It goes up and down all day. Sometimes a worker stands in the lift. He or she operates（操作） it up and down. In modern lifts there's no worker. People walk in. They know what floor they want to go. They push a button(按钮)and the lift goes to that floor. It's very fast and easy.
Lifts are very important to us. Why? Think about a tall building. Maybe it has twenty floors. Maybe it has fifty or more. Who can walk up all the stairs(楼梯)?Maybe people can climb them once. Can someone climb thirty floors to an office every day? Can small children walk up to their rooms on the twenty-four floor? Can their mothers or fathers carry food up to all those stairs? Of course not. We can have very high buildings because we have lifts. We could not have all the beautiful tall buildings without lifts. Because it is too tired for people to climb the stairs every day.
根据短文的意思回答问题或完成句子。
What is a lift like? ____________________________
What does a worker do when he or she stand in the lift? _____________
Can small children walk up to their room on the twenty-four floor? __________
Why do we have many high buildings? ____________________________________
Can you give a title for the passage? ______________