初中英语说明文试题

There are many brave and talented people who work in different branches （分科，分支） of science．Extreme （另类的）scientists are people who work in very difficult and dangerous places．They don't work in a（1） 　　all the time like other scientists do．Instead，they search（2） 　　information that can only be gathered through firsthand experiences．These scientists have to explore deep，dark caves，swim with sharks or act as swan（天鹅） mothers．The number of great white sharks in the world（3） 　　smaller now． They are one of（4） 　　animals on Earth．

Scientists need to find out how many sharks（5） 　　now．Sometimes scientists have to get very close to a shark．The easiest and（6） 　　way to do this is from inside a shark cage（笼子）．（7） 　　，sometimes sharks attack（袭击，攻击） the cage．They shake it，and bend the bars with their sharp（8） 　　．The trumpeter swan is the largest swan in the world，but it （9） 　　until it nearly became endangered birds． Because of this，parents swans （10） 　　younger swans to migrate before．

Scientists have to teach the younger swans how to do it．They teach the swans to follow a plane which looks like a lead swan． Extreme scientists are always trying to discover something new．

（1）A．hospital	B．factory	C．lab	D．hotel
（2）A．for	B．to	C．of	D．at
（3）A．get	B．is getting	C．was getting	D．got
（4）A．dangerous	B．more dangerous	C．most dangerous	D．the most dangerous
（5）A．there were	B．are there	C．there are	D．were there
（6）A．safest	B．closest	C．farther	D．faster
（7）A．Lovely	B．Unlovely	C．Luckily	D．Unluckily
（8）A．teeth	B．tooth	C．eye	D．eyes
（9）A．kills	B．killed	C．was killed	D．is killed
（10）A．won't teach	B．have never taught	C．wouldn't teach	D．don't teach

Be pleased to do anything even though it is very tiny．In fact，there's no single thing that is not worth doing or you are not able lo do．So living a happy life with a light heart is the most important．A good mood decides your quality of life．Then （21） 　　can you live a happy life？

Make each day meaningful （有意义的）by helping someone or just making someone smile．The feeling which makes you want to help others （22） 　　at the bottom of your heart．Happiness depends on your feelings in your heart．Helping others is helping yourself．By helping others，you （23） 　　more．Seeing their satisfied smile will make you feel （24） 　　of what you have done．

Face difficulties bravely in your life．（25） 　　may meet with difficulties．No one can avoid them．The difficulties can teach you a lot．They are your treasure．They will help you to be closer to（26） 　　．

Focus on the good experiences you （27） 　　in the past few years．Be grateful to life．Don't think too much about the negative things．They （28） 　　bad weather．Bad weather will pass sooner or later，so will the negative things．You may find many dead ends in your life，but you will （29） 　　find your way out of them．Everything will get better at last．

Never worry about the things you can't change．Worrying isn't useful．Worrying can （30） 　　change the situation （30） 　　solve any problem．Perhaps，not every dream will be realized；not every effort（努力） will be completed．Never mind，and take it easy．

Come on，everybody!Let's live a happy life with a light heart and enjoy the beautiful sunshine every day．

根据短文内容选择最佳答案．

21．A．what	B．how	C．why
22．A．stay	B．staying	C．stays
23．A．are giving	B．will give	C．will be given
24．A．proud	B．afraid	C．tired
25．A．Somebody	B．Nobody	C．Everybody
26．A．failure	B．success	C．troubule
27．A．have had	B．have	C．has
28．A．are different from	B．are fond of	C．are similar to
29．A．always	B．seldom	C．never
30．A．not only；but also	B．neither；nor	C．either；or．

Do you want to be a successful person？ One of the （46） 　　of successful people is that they have good habits． The good habits help them to be successful． What are good habits？ （47） 　　can you get into good habits？ Here are some suggestions for you．

First everyone （48） 　　his advantages． You should always look for the （49） 　　points in people and learn from them．

Second， you should try to learn new （50） 　　and new things every day． Reading a newspaper or （51） 　　pages of a book every day also helps you．

Third， （52） 　　the day in the right way． When you get up in the morning， look （53） 　　yourself in the mirror and tell yourself you must keep your good habits today．

Fourth， make a plan to achieve your goal． Making a plan is the （54） 　　important step to achiever your goal． Each day you should follow the plan so that you are able to achieve your goal．

Last， no （55） 　　what good habits you decide to have， you should try to keep them． Then you can live a successful and happy…life．

46． A． reason	B． secret	C． secrets	D． decisions
47． A． How	B． Why	C． When	D． Who
48． A． are	B． is	C． have	D． has
49． A． well	B． good	C． weak	D． bad
50． A． service	B． word	C． poems	D． skills
51． A． a few	B． few	C． a little	D． little
52． A． end	B． finish	C． start	D． arrive
53． A． like	B． up	C． after	D． at
54． A． most	B． many	C． much	D． move
55． A． mistake	B． matter	C． stress	D． energy

Earthquakes may take place anywhere on the Earth's surface．（49） 　　，they are most probably to happen near mountains．

During an earthquake，the Earth's surface shakes．Houses fall，people are killed or injured，and （50） 　　whole cities are destroyed．

But we can do something to protect （51） 　　against earthquakes．Scientists have made maps （52） 　　the"earthquake belt"．In the belts，earthquakes are likely to happen．In these areas we can build （53） 　　houses to resist（抵抗）earthquake shocks．

In the future，scientists will be able to predict exactly （54） 　　earthquakes will take place．Then they can tell people to take measures．Thus lives can be saved and damage（损失）can be（55） 　　

49．A．But	B．However	C．So	D．And
50．A．sometime	B．sometimes	C．some time	D．some times
51．A．ourselves	B．themselves	C．itself	D．myself
52．A．shown	B．shows	C．showed	D．showing
53．A．large	B．small	C．special	D．empty
54．A．When and where	B．when and what	C．where and what	D．how and why
55．A．doubled	B．lessened	C．increased	D．added．

It's reported that China will allow all couples （71） 　　two children from January 1st，2016．It will end the onechild （72） 　　that has been carried out since the late 1970s．One child policy（73） 　　some problems to onechild families and the country．The government has realized the problems，so the government will change the situation．

The longawaited （期待已久的）policy immediately excited the public．Many（74） 　　couples will prepare for a second child，because they think only （75） 　　one child will make the only child feel （76） 　　．So they want to have （77） 　　child．But some young couples are still considering whether to have a second child．They think having another child will need much money．（78） 　　life will be hard．

But many businessmen have begun seeking opportunities to earn money from the policy．Almost all companies are （79） 　　childraising，including baby clothes，toys and cartoons．Some foreign milk powder companies do business in China．

James Liang，a professor in Peking University，predicts that the annual （每年的） number of births will increase by 2.4million．"（80） 　　30，000yuan （about ＄4，724）is spent on a baby every year，about 75billion yuan will be created，"said Liang．

71．A．to have	B．has	C．having	D．had
72．A．fact	B．result	C．reason	D．policy
73．A．teach	B．brought	C．gave	D．take
74．A．young	B．old	C．bad	D．foreign
75．A．has	B．had	C．having	D．have
76．A．happily	B．happy	C．lonely	D．alone
77．A．other	B．another	C．others	D．another one
78．A．Theirs	B．His	C．Her	D．Their
79．A．with	B．about	C．at	D．in
80．A．When	B．Although	C．If	D．Unless

DNA is the whole "map" of the human body. It is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In I860, Mr Mendel discovered why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things called "genes"(基因) in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are really messages. They’re written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first "word" that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell (细胞)to build its parts, the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one "word" means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more "words" and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs.
The two scientists found ______in 1961.

A．all the words in the DNA map

B．small things called "genes" in our body

C．the first "word" they could understand in that language

D．those small parts arc written in the DNA with a special language

How can we help sick people if we understand more "words" in the DNA map?

A．Make better medicine.

B．Make them get jobs.

C．Make maps for them.

D．Make them attractive.

Which one is NOT TRUE according to the article?

A．We look like our parents because of "genes" in our body.

B．We have understood what all the words in the DNA map do.

C．DNA is the whole "map" of the human body.

D．DNA tells the cell to build its parts.

What do people think about this research about DNA?

A．It can be only bad.

B．It can be only good.

C．It can be good but won't work.

D．It can be good and bad

Jilin is a good place. It is in the north-east of China. On the north of it is Heilongjiang, the south is Liaoning, the west is Inner Mongolia and the east is North Korea(朝鲜).
It has a long and snowy winter. Usually the winter here starts from October and lasts(持续) for six months. Every year people come here for the Ice Lantern Festival and the winter sports.
Changbai Shan is the first mountain in the north-east of China. There is a lot of snow on the main mountain-"Baitou Shan" all the year, so it is named "Changbai Shan". It has great forests on it. There are tigers, deer, black bears and many other animals in the forests and there are a lot of hot springs (泉) and more than l,500 kinds of plants. On the very top of the mountain is Tianchi. If you come to the lake, you might see the monster(水怪) in it.There is also a great waterfall(瀑布) where the Songhua River comes from.
Another place in Jilin is Xianghai in Tongyu County(县). There are more than 100 pieces of wetlands here. And they are of different sizes. There are 170 kinds of birds, some fish that we can't often see and over 250 different herbal(草药) plants and trees here.
Which is the right map?

Winter in Jilin is from _______ to _______.

A．January; April	B．September; December
C．October; April	D．November; May.

The writer doesn't tell us _______ in the passage.

A．the neighbors of Jilin

B．the temperature in winter in Jilin

C．the famous mountain in Jilin

D．where there are herbal plants in Jilin

What's the most important thing for you to have in your life? Somebody mentions (提到 ) hard-work,others suggest knowledge, love and luck.
If you arrange the 26 English letters alphabetically(按-r母表IYJ顺序)and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, I for a 2 for b, 3 for c..., you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+1 8+4+23+15+1 8+11="98," meaning 98 is its mark; knowledge:11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5="96.while" love:12+15+22+5="54," and luck:12+2l+3+11="47," a small mark．None of these words can give one a full mark．What about money or prayer(祈祷）?They can't, either.
Then what else? Don't be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things，or your attitude（态度）．Yes，attitude is the word. See for yourself: attitude:1+20+20+9+20+2l+4+5="100," a full mark.
Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most times people hope for a better life. It is possible that one will have a change for the better after one has changed one's attitude.
When you change your manner and became friendly towards others, you'll meet more smiling faces towards you．1n the same way. if you take a positive（积极地）attitude towards failure（失败）, you'll find it's also rewarding though it has caused you losses.
What is the mark of the word “money”？

A．54

B．72

C．96

D．100

In the writer's opinion, what is the most important thing in a person's life?

A．Hard work.

B．Knowledge.

C．Money.

D．Attitude.

According to the passage, if you meet with problems，the best way out is to_______．

A．ask for help from others

B．say your prayers to God

C．change your attitude

D．try maths—solving methods(方法)

From the passage we can learn that_______.

A．different attitudes come from different courses of life

B．mathematics can solve every problem easily in our daily life

C．failure sometimes can bring you good if you take a positive attitude

D．none of the English words except "attitude" equals to 100 or more

The American alligator (短吻鳄) is the largest reptile (爬行动物) in North America. Some of them can be over 5 metres long.

In North America, the bison (野牛) is the largest animal on land. If they are frightened, the American bison will run away and can reach a speed of 52 km per hour.

The white-tailed deer can run up to 58 km per hour. This North American deer can also jump as high as 2.6 metres and jump as far as 9 metres.

There is a frog that barks just like a dog. This barking frog is found in the southwestern part
of the United States.

The polar bear is a great swimmer and can swim as fast as 10 km per hour using only its front feet.

The wild turkey nearly died out in the early 1900’s, because people hunted many of them. This wild bird is making a comeback now.

The ________ is the largest animal on land in North America.

A．polar bear	B．bison
C．alligator	D．white-tailed deer

In the _____ of the United States, there lives a kind of frog that can bark like a dog.

A．southwest	B．southeast
C．northwest	D．northeast

The polar bear _________.

A．is good at running

B．is good at swimming

C．swims with its back legs

D．can jump as far as 9 metres

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The alligator is the largest reptile in North America.

B．The white-tailed deer can jump as high as 2.6 metres.

C．Six kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage.

D．The wild turkey died out about 1000 years ago.

Would you like to adopt an animal? Although this sounds very unusual, some children have done just this. The Natural Zoo has given people the chance to adopt animals by paying for all of its food for one year. One of the animals that needed parents was a young tiger named Brocky. The people at the zoo said that it would cost about $900 a year for the food for Brocky.
Not many boys and girls have $900 to spend. That is why several hundred children and grown-ups each have sent a little money to the zoo to help pay for Brocky’s food. Some children sent in only a quarter because that was all the money they had. Other children sent in more money than that.
Since so many people sent money to the zoo to help pay for Brocky’s food, he now will be able to eat as much as he wants. Brocky surely must be a happy tiger to know that he has so many adopted parents. Many children must also be happy to know that they have helped to feed him. It really will be thrilling for those children to go to the Natural Zoo to visit their adopted tiger Brocky.
Brocky is________.

A．an animal zoo

B．an adopted child

C．a tiger without children’s love

D．a tiger in need of adoption

Several hundred people give money to the zoo to help Brocky because ________.

A．its food is too expensive for one person to afford

B．people don’t want to spend too much money on Brocky

C．people don’t love Brocky enough

D．the zoo forces them to do so

Children will be ________ if they go to the zoo to visit the tiger Brocky.

A．frightened	B．excited and happy
C．nervous	D．surprised

With so many people’s money, Brocky now can _________.

A．play with many toys

B．live without being hungry

C．eat meat every day

D．have an air-conditioned room to live in

We can infer(推断)from the passage that ________.

A．zoos are too poor to feed the animals

B．there are too many animals in the zoo

C．many people are kind to animals

D．children love animals better than adults do

A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes something that we do almost without thinking. Some of them are thought to be bad habits. People spend countless hours and dollars each year trying to get rid of these bad habits but often fail. Why? Change is hard work and there is no shortcut to achieve it. However, there is still some advice for you to follow.
First, look at why you do it. In other words, what’s the result of doing this thing? If your bad habit is shouting at people when you are unhappy or under pressure, what do you get from it? It may make you feel a little better for the moment. Or maybe you have a bad habit of leaving your homework undone. The result could be that you get more time to spend on the Internet!
Next, take a look on the other hand. What are you losing because of your habit? Shouting at other people is a bad habit because it makes people around you feel bad and unhappy. Leaving your homework undone is a bad habit because you may be punished by your teacher. Having more Internet time means that you are losing the chance to learn the things that you need to learn. When you think that way, you’ll find that it’s not wise to keep your bad habit! Now it is time to make a decision. What will you choose? I’m sure you will choose to do what you think is more important.
From the first paragraph we know that __________.

A．a habit is a terrible thing that we can never change

B．people take countless hours and dollars to get rid of habits

C．none of the people who try to break bad habits are successful

D．though it is difficult, we can still do something about our bad habits

The underlined sentence “there is no shortcut to achieve it” means that ________.

A．it is not easy to get rid of bad habits

B．there is a long way and a short way

C．something dangerous may happen

D．we must cut it in a short time.

The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

A．introduce and describe	B．complain（埋怨）and disagree
C．explain(解释) and advise	D．discuss and argue（争论）

Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题)
Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called mall rats.
People like malls for many reasons. They don’t feel any danger around them because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green trees.
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs, and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina, Minnesota. People loved doing all their shopping in one place. More malls were built all over the country. Now, malls are like town centers where people come to do many things. They shop, of course. They also eat in food houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies at theatres. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In some malls, people can see a doctor or a dentist and even attend church. In other words, people can do just everything in malls. Now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping centre.
Why are some people in America called mall rats?
_________________________________________________________.
What is the purpose of having police stations inside the malls?
_________________________________________________________.
Do people need to pay for parking in malls?
_________________________________________________________.
When and where was the first indoor mall set up in the United States?
_________________________________________________________.
Why were more malls built all over the country?
_________________________________________________________.
Do you prefer to have a one-day trip to such malls? Please give your reason.
_________________________________________________________.

Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading books is fun. You can always keep yourself happy if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing hobby, too. You can really become lost in a book.
Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane or in bed. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again.
Another good reason for reading books is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby you will get better and better at it. This makes you read faster and become easier at understanding what you read. If you read enough, you will probably find that your schoolwork becomes much better.
Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You can read on computers and, the more you read, the better your computer skills will be.
Good readers are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby. Why not start reading right now?
The passage mainly tells us______.
A. the best place to read books
B. how to read books
C. why reading is a good hobby
What does the underlined word“convenient”mean in Chinese?
A. 复杂的     B. 方便的     C. 流行的
Which of the following is true?
A. Reading books is bad for school work.
B. Reading books helps you study better.
What will you be if you are a good reader according to the last paragraph?
A. A writer.     B. A worker.     C. A doctor.
The passage suggests us______.
A. not reading too much
B. reading right now
C. becoming a writer

Reading is the key to school success and , like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking. Educators call it “automaticity (自动性)”
A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice, he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrases(短语). With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of words, so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.
It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams.
According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount(数量) of time that a child spends reading ,not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity . It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home.
You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentence, you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more practice.
The sentence “Reading is the key to school success” means that reading___________.

A．helps school develop faster

B．is the key to a successful school

C．helps students go to a key school

D．can improve students’ learning results

Rossman tells that any child who _____________ will probably be an automatic reader.

A．turns off TV one night 4 weeks

B．reads books by the word quickly

C．spends an hour reading every day

D．gets the same grades as others in exams

The underlined word “stumbles” in the passage means “_____________” in Chinese.

A．结结巴巴地读	B．全神贯注地读
C．心不在焉地读	D．声情并茂地读

The best title for the passage should be “ ______________________”.

A．IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity

B．TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading

C．Automaticity Depends on Practice

D．Automatic readers Will Be Successful

【湖南省娄底市2015年中考英语试题】任务型阅读 阅读下面短文内容，完成表格。（每空填1至3个单词）（共5小题，计10分）
Some Advice on Safety
Always play in a safe place. A park is a safe place because there is no cars or trucks. But do not talk to strangers. Never go with a stranger into a car.
Before crossing the road, stop and look both ways. Look left, look right and look left again.
Keep away from houses or buildings that are being built or knocked down. Something might fall on your head, or you might cut yourself on broken glass.
Medicines or pills can be dangerous. Never swallow(吞下) any pills or medicines you find in the cupboard.
Don’t swim in the pool or river without adults. Wear a life jacket whenever you go out in a boat. Even if you are not in the open sea and the water is not deep, you should have your life jacket on. It's easy to fall out of a boat.
Do not put your head out of a car, bus or train. Many children have been killed by doing this.

________________ Advice
When or where	How to do
Play in a safe place	Play in a park. Never talk to _________ or go with them.
When crossing a road	Stop and look _________________.
Houses or buildings being built or knocked down	Stay away.
Medicines or pills	Never swallow any medicines without a doctor's advice.
In a _____________	Wear a life jacket.
On a bus, car or train	Never put ___________ out of them.