初中英语社会文化类阅读阅读填空

There are long rivers， and there are famous rivers．The Nile is the world's longest and most famous river． It runs 6， 650 kilometers． Crocodiles and hippos live in its waters． Pyramids built by ancient Egyptians rise along its banks．

The main branch of the Nile， the White Nile， starts just above Lake Victoria， the world's second largest fresh ﹣ water lake， in east central Africa． Then it flows to the north． At Sudan's capital， another great river called the Blue Nile joins the White Nile． Together， they form one very powerful river． Then it goes through Egypt's famous Nile Valley before reaching the Mediterranean Sea．

Ancient Egypt， the first great African civilization（文明）， started along the banks of the Nile more than 5，000 years ago． Ancient Egypt ruled the Nile Valley for thousands of years． Great pyramids and temples were built on the banks and we can still visit them today．

Without the rich farmland along the banks of Nile， there might be no ancient Egypt civilization．Every year， the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． The Nile's banks were easy to farm and produce crops．

The Nile also made a perfect highway for boats． The river runs north， but the wind on the river blows south． To go south， boaters put up sail to catch the wind． TO go north， they took the sails down． Ancient people traded along the river for hundreds of miles．

阅读短文，填表格，每空一词．

The Nile ﹣ the longest and most famous river in the world
Where does the Nile flow？	The White Nile is the main branch of the Nile． It starts above Lake Victoria and then （1）　_____　to the north． The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at the （2） 　______　 of Sudan． They form a powerful river． Then the Nile goes through the Nile Valley． Finally it（3） 　　the Mediterranean Sea．
The Nile's long and rich banks．	Ancient Egypt started along the banks of the Nile more than 5，000 years ago． Its people built pyramids and temples we can still visit today． Every year the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． Rich farmland（4） 　　this ancient civilization great． The Nile made a perfect highway for boats． To go south， boaters put up sails to catch the wind． To go north， they took the sails down． Ancient people （5） 　　and sold goods along the river for hundreds of miles．

阅读短文，根据文章内容，完成表格．每空一词．

Clothing（服装） is a language． We can look at traditional clothing to know more about culture．

Africa has a long history and a rich culture， and this is shown in traditional dress． The three colours﹣red， gold and green， are often used in the clothing． The first colour stands for the blood of millions of people who fought for freedom； the second， rich resources of the African earth； and the third， the grassland of home．

Because clothing has strong social meanings， people are very careful in choosing what to wear． It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothes， or to dress in the wrong way． For example， in Ghana， a woman should wear her waistband（腰带） differently according to the importance of the social event．

Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life． African designs are famous for loose （宽松的） clothing． The temperature there can be very high during the daytime but very low at night， so it requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life．

Today although more and more young people like wearing Western clothes， especially in big cities in Africa， traditional African dress is still quite valuable． This is because it has deep cultural meanings．

Traditional Dress in Africa
Different colours	• The three most important colours used in clothing are red，（71）_____ and green which stand for the blood of freedom （72）　_____， resources of the earth and the grassland of home．
Social meanings	• Because clothing has strong social meanings， people have to choose what to wear （73）_____． • Women in Ghana even wear different waistbands according to how important the event is．
Everyday life	• Because the temperature （74）　_____ greatly， clothes are usually loose and comfortable． • Though Western clothes are popular with young people in some areas， traditional clothes are still of great （75）_____．

In the UK．Saturday evenings have always been a popular time for families to watch television together．One of the most popular programme genresis the talent show，partly because people of all ages are interested in it．

Early shows，like Opportunity Knocks （1965﹣1978），required people to vote （投票）for their favorite acts and performers，although in those days voting was done by postcard instead of by telephone，text，or over the Internet．Today，the success of television talent shows has reached a new level．Here are Ihe UK's top three TV talent shows：

The X Factor In this wonderful singing competition，performers have to face a celebrity judge panel （名人裁判组）before the public vote．Many excellent singers became popular because of it．The show is now made all over the world，from China to Colombia．

Strictly Come Dancing﹣The programme is so fantastic that it attracts many celebrities．They team up with professional （专业的）dancers and come to the dance floor to win the title of Strictly Come Dancing Champion．

Britain's Got Talent﹣In this modern﹣day version （版本）of Opportunity Knocks，the public can go and choose from many kinds of acts，from dancing dogs to ice skating．The prize is to perform for the Queen in the Royal Variety of Performance．

38．When did the show Opportunity Knocks begin？ 　　

A．In 1965．

B．In 1978．

C．In 2015．

D．K is not mentioned．

39．If a person loves a skating act，he or she may go to 　　．

A．Opportunity Knocks

B．Strictly Come Dancing

C．The X Factor

D．Britain's Got Talent

40．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？ 　

A．The winners of Britain's Got Talent can perform for the Queen．

B．If you want your dog to have a performance，you can go to Britain's Got Talent with it．

C．Opportunity Knocks is still on television now．

D．People of all ages enjoy TV talent shows in UK．

41．The underline word"genres"in the first paragraph means 　 ．

A．lists

B．types

C．choices

D．expressions．

Colors and moods（情绪）

    Some people believe that colors can influence our moods．（1）　　． In fact， colors can change our moods and make us feel happy or sad， energetic （充满活力的） or sleepy． This article explains what colors can do and what characteristics（特点） they represent（代表）．

    Energetic colors

    When you feel tired or weak， you should wear energetic colors like green． （2）　　， as it is the color of nature and represents new life．

    Strong colors

    If you require strength in either body or mind， red may be of some help to you． Red is the color of heat． It represents power and strong feelings． Wearing red can also make it easier to take action． （3）　　．

    Calm colors

    Have you ever walked into a room and felt relaxed？ It could be because the walls were painted blue． Blue is a calm color． It brings peace to our mind and body． （4）　　， so you may say "I'm feeling blue" when you feeling sad．

    （5）　　

Some colors， such as orange and yellow， can make you feel warm． People in cold areas prefer warm colors in their homes to create a warm and comfortable feelings． Orange represents joy． It can cheer you up when you are feeling sad． Yellow is the color of the sun， so it can remind you of a warm sunny day． Yellow is also the color of wisdom （智慧）． Some people prefer this color when they hope for success．

A． Warm colors．

B． Green can give you energy．

C． Blue can also represent sadness．

D． You may wonder whether it is true．

E． Others think that colors can change people's moods．

F． This may help when you are having difficulty making a decision．

A growing number of Chinese stories are being told by foreigners through the Internet．

Recently， a video made by an Australian on Douyin swept the screen，followed by more than 2 million zans and 110， 000 comments（评论）． In the video he said． "I'm pleased with the Chinese lifestyle．It's really difficult to live in a country like Australia， especially after you have spent so much time in China． If you don't drive a car in China， you just ride a bike． You can get anywhere easily， and there are subways． But in Australia， if you don't have a car， you can do nothing．"

The Australian uncle also complained about（抱怨）the price of Uber， an Australian taxi﹣hailing software． "My God， one kilometer is almost 20 Australian ollas（about 97 yuan RMB）．"

The blogger of Beijing Expat Guide， Paul Stoker， compared life in Beijing with life in America． He said． "Life is usually controlled by ears in the US． There's no cheap and good public transportation， so it's so difficult to get somewhere． You always have to borrow or rent a car or ask for a ride．""Compared to the colorful life in Beijing， life seems so boring in America． It seems nothing has changed at home， except for you．"

Coming back to America， Cynthia Lopez said at eChinacities． "The number of mass shooting in the US has quickly increased in recent years． You don't have to worry about your safety in China﹣guns are not allowed by law in China． Because of America's gun culture， guns will never be illegal in the US．"

Many foreigners who have spent so much time in China are happy about the Chinese ifestyle． And they（1） 　　living in China． They think public traffic in China is very fast and cheap， which can take them anywhere（2） 　　． However， in their hometowns like Australia and America， public traffic is not so convenient， but（3） 　　． They can hardly go anywhere without a car． In their eyes， life in China is（4） 　　while the lifestyle in their own countries seems so boring． Another good thing in China is that they don't have to worry about their（5） 　　because guns are not allowed by law． In fact， there must be something good both in China and any other foreign country． It's important to understand and learn from each other．

All over the world the need for more laptops and computers increases each year．Networks have been part of our life．Probably everyone with a portable device （移动设备）has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it，while they are having a coffee，on a train，in a shopping mall or at a hotel．However，is this kind of public WiFi network safe？

Some networks are better protected than others because encryption （加密）methods are used．Therefore，they are safer than others．But a survey in 2015 showed that more than 950 million records were not protected，including addresses，emails，birth dates，phone numbers，passwords and so on．These open WiFi networks are really not safe，because it is very easy for hackers （黑客） to break into the operating system and get people's private information．

Most smartphones and laptops，by themselves，search and connect to WiFi networks．They usually prefer a network with a connection that has been used before．Hackers'devices are able to record these searches and look like the trusted WiFi networks．When these smartphones and laptops log on to the networks which are not real，hackers can easily steal their private information．

So next time，when we want to use our laptops or our smartphones in public places which offer free WiFi networks，please think it twice or take safe measures before using them．

42．Why do people like to go log on to a public WiFi network？ 　　

A．Because it can provide useful information．

B．Because the owner of the network is polite．

C．Because it is free．

D．Because it is safe．

43．We can learn from the passage that 　　

A．not all the public WiFi networks are safe

B．none of the public WiFi networks is safe

C．in 2015more than 950million records were protected

D．there is no way to protect our private information

44．Hackers would probably get the following EXCEPT 　　when we connect our laptops or smartphones to a public WiFi network．

A．our birth dates

B．our passwords

C．our phone numbers

D．our smartphones

45．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage？ 　　

A．Don't Use Public WiFi Networks

B．Why the Public WiFi Networks a Possible Danger

C．We Needn't Protect Our Private Information

D．Why Hackers Break into the Operating System．

The home of tea is in China． It is said that tea was found by Shennong， a legendary（传说中的）ruler of ancient China about 5000 years ago． Some people say that tea is the national drink of China． There are mainly six kinds of tea in China， such as black tea， green tea， white tea， etc．

Many Chinese drink it almost every day．

Tea helps keep your mind clear． It's calorie ﹣ free and good for your heart． Also， tea can protect against cancer． So it becomes the most widely consumed（广泛饮用的） drink in the world next to water． To celebrate this popular drink， the United Nations has made May 21 ^stInternational Tea Day recently．

However， people in different countries have different ways to drink tea，In the US， sweet tea is popular． It is made with black tea， sugar and fruit． Unlike Chinese tea， sweet tea in the US is always served ice cold． Many years ago， only rich people drank it．

Black tea and sugar used to cost a lot of money． But now， anyone can drink it．

In the UK， people like to put milk in their tea， This gives it a nice taste． They usually drink it in the afternoon﹣ ﹣ this is called"tea time"． They like to eat biscuits while drinking their tea．

During tea time， people take a break from work and relax．

If you never drink tea， you can try it． Maybe you'll find your favorite taste．

（1） 　　Culture in Different Countries
History	It has about five（2） 　　years of history．
Function	● Tea helps keep your mind clear． ●It's calorie ﹣ free and good for your heart． ●It can（3） 　　against cancer．
Details	In China	There are mainly six kinds of tea in China．
	In the US	（4） 　　people didn't drink tea because it used to cost much money many years ago．
	In the UK	People like to drink tea （5） 　　_____milk to relax themselves．

Chinese Dragon Boat Festival is also known as Duanwu Festival．It is one of the three most important lunar（阴历的）festivals in China，along with Spring Festival and Mid﹣Autumn Festival．The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan died﹣﹣the fifth day of the fifth lunar month，so the date variesfrom year to year，such as it is June 20 in 2015，June 9 in 2016， May 30 in 2017，June 18 in 2018，June 7in 2019，June 25 in 2020 and June 14 in 2021．

Although the date is different，the custom is the same．With a history of over 2000 years，people celebrate it with all kinds of activities on the day．They hold dragon boat racing，eat zongzi，drink realgar wine（雄黄酒），wear sachets（香囊）and so on．But dragon boat racing is the most popular activity during the Dragon Boat Festival．

（1）Which of the following is NOT the most important lunar festival in China？ 　　

A．May Day

B．Dragon Boat Festival

C．Spring Festival

D．Mid﹣Autumn Festival

（2）The underlined word"varies"in the passage means" 　　"in Chinese．

A．推迟

B．变化

C．提前

D．递进

（3）Dragon Boat Festival is on 　　in 2020．

A．June 20

B．May 30

C．June 25

D．June 7

（4） 　　is the most popular with people in the Dragon Boat Festival．

A．Eating zongzi

B．Wearing sachets

C．Drinking realgar wine

D．Dragon boat racing

What will you eat for lunch today？In some countries， lunchtime often means soup time! There are many kinds of soups served around the world．Some are as thin and clear as water． Some are as thick as stews．Others are full of noodles!

Soup is just one thing that can be eaten for lunch． What you eat for lunch may be different from the lunch of someone who lives in another country．Let's take a look around the world to see what kids are eating for lunch．

Mexico

Many children in Mexico eat tortillas for lunch． Most tortillas are made from ground corn，but sometimes wheat in used． Tortillas are usually flat and round， but they can also be made into other shapes． Taco shells are made from corn tortillas and filled with beans or meat． Tasty sauces， called salsas， are often added to tacos． These sauces are made from tomatoes， onions， hot peppers and spices．

Russia

Winters in Russia are very cold． Maybe that's why many Russian children eat soup for lunch．Two of their favourites are cabbage soup and beef soup．

Many Russian soups also include potatoes． Potatoes are an important crop in Russia． They make soups thick． Eating thick soups can help keep people warm and can fill them up，so hunger is no problem!

South Korea

Meals in Korea are made up of many dishes． No matter what else is served， there is always rice．

Kimchi is also always on the table． Kimchi is pickled（腌制的）meat or vegetables． Korean children mix together many dishes and flavors at meals．It's common for their food to be hot and spicy．

Thailand

Lunch in Thailand often includes noodles． There are many ways to serve noodles． One popular dish is made with thin rice noodles，tofu and shrimp．Another favourite way to eat rice noodles is with meat， vegetables and thick gravy．

What's for （1）
Introduction	Kids in different countries may not eat the same food for lunch．
Food for lunch in different countries	Mexico	Taco shells are made from corn tortillas and （2） 　　of beans or meat．
	Russia	Eating thick soups can help keep people （3） 　　and can fill them up．
	South Korea	Many dishes and flavors are （4） 　　together at meals in hot and spicy tastes．
	Thailand	People cook or eat rice noodles with different （5） 　　like tofu， meat， vegetables， and so on．

Clothing（服装）is a language．We can look at traditional clothing to know more about culture．

Africa has a long history and a rich culture，and this is shown in traditional dress．The three colours一red，gold and green，are often used in the clothing．The first colour represents the blood of millions of people who fought for freedom； the second，rich resources of the African earth； and the third，the grassland of home．

Because clothing has strong social meanings，people are very careful in choosing what to wear．It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothes，or to dress in the wrong way．For example，in Ghana，a woman should wear her waistband （腰带）differently according to the importance of the social event．

Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life．African designs are famous for loose（宽松的）clothing．The temperature there can be very high during the daytime but very low at night，so it requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life．

Today although more and more young people like wearing Western clothes especially in big cities in Africa，traditional African dress is still quite valuable．This is because it has deep cultural meanings．

Traditional Dress in Africa
Different colours	．The three most（54） 　 　colours used in clothing are red，gold and green． ．Different colours（55） 　 　for different things：the blood of freedom fighters，resources of the earth and the grassland of home
Social meanings	．Because clothing has strong social meanings，people have to choose what to wear（56） 　 　． ．Women in Ghana even wear different waistbands according to how important the event is．
Everyday life	．Because the temperature （57） 　 　greatly，clothes are usually loose and comfortable． ．Though Western clothes are popular with young people in some areas，traditional clothes are still of great（58）

阅读短文，根据短文内容，从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，然后完成第5题．

It is probably no exaggeration （夸张） to say that， these days， anyone who uses WeChat or QQ also uses memes． （1） 　　Memes are usually pictures or GIFs （动图） of famous people， TV and film scenes． They are often paired with a line of words explaining the pictures．

You must have seen the memes of singer Huang Zitao with his famous words， "I will not die easily．"（2） 　　Others include actor Zhou Jie shouting with anger and basketball player Yao Ming laughing but looking like crying． If there is something in common with these people， it is probable that they all have exaggerated facial expressions． Users make memes of them for fun．

On the other hand， memes make online messaging chatting closer to real life than just sending text messages． （3） 　　For some people， like youth， they can chat online only using memes without typing a single word． Sometimes this turns into a kind of competition to see who has the most or the funniest memes． （4） 　　Do you want to have a try， too？

A． Huang's memes are one of the users' favorites． B． Memes or biaoqingbao have become important in online chatting （聊天） among Chinese． C． If they are tired of the popular ones， they can make their own memes using meme apps． D． Because they give people information in a simpler， funnier and clearer way．

（5）Which of the following is true according to the passage？ 　　

A．	Memes play an important part in online chatting all over the world．
B．	All the people can chat on line without typing a single word．
C．	People can only use popular memes even though they feel bored of them．
D．	D Users make memes of famous people for fun．

Do you know what your friends watched on TV last night？Do your friends know what you had for breakfast today？Do you think you are using social media（社交媒体） too much？

（1） 　　It is reported that around 2，800 million people often use social media．That's almost 40 percent of the world's population．But how much time do we really spend on social media？And what exactly do we spend that time doing？

Research shows that，worldwide，the average（普通的） person spends two hours and 19 minutes on social media each day．（2） 　　An average person there spends four hours and 17 minutes a day on social media．Research also shows that women use social media more than men．In the United States，for example，women spend around two hours more a week than men on social media．

（3） 　　In general，it seems we spend more time looking at other people's pages than adding to our own．According to one survey，the most common social media activities are visiting friends' pages，reading their news，and commenting（评论） on their posts．

（4） 　　It has over 2，000 million users．In second place，however，is the Chinese site Qzone．In 2017，Qzone was China's most popular social media site，with around 600 million users worldwide．That's more than Twitter and Instagram

Social media continues to grow．（5） 　　 And as Internet access（通道） becomes available to even more people around the world，this growth won't stop anytime soon．

A．What do most people do on social media？ B．Why do people communicate on social media？ C．People in Philippines are the most active users． D．The most popular social media site is Facebook． E．On Facebook，people post their news and photos． F．Right now，there are 5 new Facebook users every second． G．Social media is now a part of many people's everyday lives．

What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination？ Right． A pen．

Though it is small， the pen has changed the history， improved the trade of countries， recorded events， carried news， and done far more work for human beings than all other tools．

Progress without it would have been almost impossible． The invention of the wheels， the introduction of steam engine（蒸汽机）， the use of electricity， all these have changed the lives of millions of people， but the pen has done more． It has taken away mountains， and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society．

In the past the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing for some time． The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus（纸莎草纸） was first used． The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen． It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts．

The pen is very utilitarian． We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen． An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen． The writers encourage the world with it． The students take their examinations with it as well．

Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen． Before we have been at school， our name is written on the name list with a pen． We cannot be married till we have signed． A pen records the important events in our life．

Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns． The pen is a magic tool． Whenever you use it， enjoy it．

（1）What is the writer trying to do in this passage？ 　　

A．	Describe what a pen looks like．
B．	Introduce the history of the pen．
C．	Advise people to prepare a new pen．
D．	Show the importance of the pen．

（2）The word "mountains" in the third paragraph refers to（指代） "something to 　　"．

A．	explain the use of electricity
B．	lower the students' scores
C．	stop the social development
D．	change the law of the country

（3）The lawyers started to write the law of the country 　　．

A．	before their thoughts were changed
B．	when papyrus was first used
C．	as soon as they recorded their names
D．	after they took an important exam

（4）The underlined word "utilitarian" in the passage means " 　 "．

A．	cheap
B．	boring
C．	special
D．	useful

（5）What is the best title for this passage？ 　　

A．	A Powerful Tool
B．	An Important Law
C．	A Valuable Record
D．	An Exciting Event

Healthy living to most people means having a healthy lifestyle． Here are some tips that people should follow in their（1）　　（日常的） life．

    Healthy eating plays an important role． Make sure you have three（2）　　（餐） a day on time． Good breakfast， rich lunch and less dinner are suggested． Try to（3）　　（避 免） food high in sugar．

    Regular exercise also leads to a healthy lifestyle．It can help you keep your weight under control and （4）　　（赢）self﹣confidence at the same time． It's a good idea for you to exercise for（5）　　（三十）minutes each time， at least three days a week．Shall we do exercise every day？It（6）　　（视..而定）． However， every time you exercise， you put（7）　　（你自己） at risk of getting hurt， so remember to do it in a right way．

    （8）　　（足够的） sleep is the key to a healthy lifestyle．For most people it is necessary to keep eight hours of sleep each day．If you don't fall asleep within twenty minutes， do something （9）　　（使人放松的）．Reading and listening to light music are good        （10）　　 （选择）． And then you may fall asleep soon．

Country music is very popular in America． It is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America． At first， people played country music only at family parties． When people in the countryside moved to towns and cities to look for jobs， they took their music with them． With country music continuing to change， it became popular throughout America． John Denver was one of the most famous country singers in America 50years ago． His song Take Me Home， Country Roods is well﹣known and people still play it today．

Pop music is another kind of musical style． Pop music can make people feel happy and comfortable． Pop music has been popular since the 1950s． In China， Jay Chou is liked by a large number of fans of all ages． He sang many songs about the world we live in． One of them is Dao Xiang， which encourages people not to give up even when life is difficult．

阅读短文，根据英文释义及首字母提示拼写单词．

（1）t 　　being part of the customs of a country or group of people．

（2）c 　　to keep doing something without stopping．

阅读短文，完成同义句转换，每空一词．

He sang many songs about the world we live in．

Many songs about the world we live in（3） 　　（4） 　　by him．

根据短文内容回答问题．

What did people play only at family parties at first？

（5） 　　．

Was John Denver one of the most famous country singers in America in the 19th century？

（6） 　　．

How can pop music make people feel？

（7） 　　．