初中英语健康环保类阅读阅读理解

When your pen is broken，the battery（电池）in your toy runs out，or you have some leftover（吃剩的）food，what do you do with these things？You will probably throw them all into one bin． But actually，all kinds of rubbish need to be sorted（分类）separately．

Rubbish sorting is a big issue（议题）worldwide． In recent years，some Chinese cities have been working hard on it． Shanghai has worked with Alipay to create a" green account（账户）" service for its residents（居民）．Account holders get points by sorting their rubbish correctly．

Through the Alipay app，they can exchange the points for milk，phone cards and other products． The city is asking all of its residents to sort their rubbish into four groups： wet，recyclable，harmful and dry． Wet waste is also known as household waste． Paper，metal and glass are recyclable waste． Medicine and batteries are harmful waste． Finally，any waste that's not wet，recyclable or harmful will go in the"dry waste" bin． Many other Chinese cities are also doing this． Shenzhen has been sorting its rubbish into the same four groups since 2012．Students there must study waste﹣sorting guidebooks．

If you don't sort your rubbish，it will go to a landfill（垃圾填埋场）and be buried together． These landfills can take up large areas of ground． Some rubbish can pollute the soil and groundwater and it can also do harm to the environment around us． China is improving its waste﹣sorting efforts． There is still a long way to go．

（1）How should we deal with all kinds of rubbish？ 　 　

A．	We can throw them all into one bin．
B．	We can sort them separately．
C．	We can throw them away freely．
D．	We can reuse them all．

（2）How is Shanghai encouraging people to sort their rubbish？ 　 　

A．	By creating a "green account" service with the help of Alipay．
B．	By paying people to sort their rubbish correctly．
C．	By allowing people to exchange rubbish with each other．
D．	By providing its residents with guidebooks to help them．

（3）Which of the following things belong to harmful waste？ 　 　

A．	Leftover food and batteries．
B．	Metal and medicine．
C．	Batteries and medicine．
D．	Paper and glass．

（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ 　 　

A．	Where we can bury our waste．
B．	Why we should sort our rubbish properly．
C．	What kinds of waste can pollute the environment．
D．	How some kinds of waste can be reused and recycled．

（5）What do we know about rubbish sorting in China？ 　 　

A．	Shenzhen has been sorting its rubbish for 10 years．
B．	All the students have to take waste﹣sorting classes at school．
C．	As for rubbish sorting， we Chinese still have much work to do．
D．	Burying is the only way of dealing with rubbish．

We talk every day. When we have good news, we like to share it with our good friends and when something terrible happens, we make it known to others soon. But can you imagine that a tree can talk and share hews too? Of course, no tree moves lips and says words just as people do. Strange as it may sound, though, some trees do manage to communicate with each other.
Willow(柳树) trees are the best-known of these trees. When insects(昆虫) begin nibbling(叮咬) a willow tree, the tree sends out a special smell at once. This smell tells the other willows that harmful insects are coming near. All of them quickly make a chemical(化学物质) in their leaves. This chemical is bad to the insects. The insects do not like it and they fly away soon. In this way, the willow trees protect themselves from the insects.
The next time when you take a walk in the woods, maybe the trees are “talking” to each other quietly. And when someone says that trees cannot “talk”, please tell them that even trees give messages to each other, too.
Willow trees send messages with _________.

A．words

B．movements

C．smells

D．sounds

the underlined word “lips” in the first paragraph means ________.

A．树干

B．嘴唇

C．枝条

D．手势

The passage tells us that some of the trees can ________.

A．speak just as people do	B．tell stories to others
C．communicate with each other	D．kill insects in the woods

According to the passage, the right order of the following is ________.
a. The willow tree gives out a smell.
b. The willow trees make a chemical in their leaves.
c. Insects fly a way because of the chemical.
d. Insects begin nibbling a willow tree.

A．d-a-b-c

B．d-b-a-c

C．a-b-c-d

D．d-c-b-a

Almost all of us have unpleasant habits. We all want to get rid of(摆脱) them, but we don’t know proper ways. Here’s some advice.
●Write down all the reasons why you want to stop some behavior. Look at the reasons very often.
●It’s clever to do something else when you want to stop your bad habits. If you get angry easily, for example, you can go out for a walk.
●Decide what you’ll do to reward(奖励) yourself if you really get rid of your bad habits.
●If you get too heavy, keep junk food out of your house.
●Bad habits develop over years, so you can’t get rid of them very soon. So you should be patient.
●Don’t be afraid to ask others for support. You can talk to your friends, family or other people. When you talk to them, they might be able to provide some advice that you can’t get from yourself.

What does it feel like to break a bone (骨头)? It’s different for everyone, but the pain is often sharp (严重). If the break is small, however, the person may not feel much pain at all. If you think that you or someone else has broken a bone, the most important things to do are to stay calm, make the hurt person comfortable, and call the doctor. Do not move the injured body part since movement could make it worse.
To treat the break, the doctor will need to take an X-ray. This gives the doctor the information he or she needs to set (接上) the bone: to put it back to its normal place. If the bone is large or it is broken in more than one place, the doctor may need to use metal pins (钢钉) to set it. After the bone has been set, the next step is usually putting on a cast, the special, hard thing that will keep the bone in place for a month or two.
Your bones are excellent at healing themselves. Broken bones will produce many new cells (细胞) and tiny blood vessels (血脉). These cover both ends of the broken part, and close up the break until the bone is as whole and strong as before.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．How to Know if a Bone is Broken

B．How Broken Bones Heal Themselves

C．Common Causes (原因) of Broken Bones

D．What You Should Know about Broken Bones

When someone breaks his bone, the following should be done except ______.

A．asking the doctor for help	B．comforting the hurt person
C．moving the injured part	D．staying calm

Which is the correct order to treat the break?
a. take an x-ray  b. use metal pins to set it  c. put it back to its normal place  d. put on cast

A．a→b→c→d

B．a→c→b→d

C．a→d→c→b

D．d→a→b→c

The underlined word “heal” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”.

A．break again

B．become worse

C．wound or hurt

D．become healthy again

Where would you probably read this passage?

A．In a story book.

B．On a poster.

C．In a health care book.

D．In a chemistry book.

Here at Nature Loving Kids，we know how much you want to make a positive（积极的）difference to our world!So，read on to find out how to protect our earth…

Save energy and water! - On a fine and clear day，hang things outside to dry!This saves energy that would have been used on the dryer（烘干机）. - If you can，try cycling，walking，or using public transport to get out and about，instead of using the car. - Turn the taps（水龙头）off while brushing your teeth，and take short showers of four minutes or less!	Be an advocate（倡导者）! - Share your knowledge with others，and help them become eco﹣heroes too!It takes lots of people working together to make changes happen - so share，share，share!
Reduce，reuse，recycle! - Before you throw something away，stop and think about what else it could be used for!	Be friendly to wildlife! - Make your garden wildlife﹣friendly!You could build a bee hotel，or even create a pool. - If you own a cat that goes outdoors，put a bell around its neck so that vulnerablewildlife can hear it coming and make their escape!

What else can you do to make the world better？

Now，get out there and save the world - you can do it!

（1）To save energy or water，you'd better         .

A．	dry things in the sun
B．	drive a car to work
C．	take long showers
D．	brush teeth with water running

（2）To call on more people to work together，you should 　 　.

A．	save energy and water
B．	be an advocate
C．	reduce，reuse and recycle
D．	be friendly to wildlife

（3）What does the underlined word " vulnerable" mean in Chinese？ 　 　

A．	野生的.
B．	家养的.
C．	强壮的.
D．	弱小的.

（4）The purpose of the passage is to 　 　.

A．	help the kids learn English
B．	help people learn more about kids
C．	teach kids how to keep animals
D．	tell the kids how to protect the earth

（5）This passage is from      　.

A．	a guidebook
B．	a science book
C．	a website
D．	a newspaper

We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a green life.
Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.
Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.
Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.
Title:  46  to Live a Green Life

We produce waste every day and it is   47  to us. We can do something to help.
Ideas	Dos	Don’ts
To   48	Use less * Try to save something.	* Don’t buy too many things from foreign   49 .
To reuse	Use   50  * Use things for as long as possible. * Buy things that last long. * Take care of things or   51  the old things.	* Don’t use   52  cups or bags.
To recycle	Change things into something   53   *Join in recycling programmes. *Buy   54  made from recycled materials.	* Don’t   55  things away or burn them.

 

Terrible weather events are harming the planet， and experts warn of even greater results to come． The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting （融化） caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years． So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals．

According to the data from the WMO， temperatures on the Antarctica （南极洲） just hit 18．3℃， which is higher than the record of 17．59℃ in March， 2015． Moreover， temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years． Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip， this is the Antarctica we are talking about． It is home to the most inhospitableenvironment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place． In fact， the average temperature of the continent's central area is ﹣57℃．

Besides， many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer． Australia is undergoing its worst drought （干旱） since the 1930s， leaving bushfires burning so long and causing many deaths． Meanwhile in Europe， crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years． Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years， while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China．

"Climate change is bad for us human beings， which causes direct health problems． I'm afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30，000 to 50，000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there，" Professor Schwartz said． "It will also cause more air pollution， diseases and lack of clean water and so on．"

（1）What doesn't bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage？ 　 　

A．	Hunting．
B．	Climate change．
C．	The sea ice loss．
D．	The Arctic ice melting．

（2）What can you get out of this passage？ 　 　

A．	The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip．
B．	Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe．
C．	Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases．
D．	The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March， 2015．

（3）What does the underlined word "inhospitable" in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ 　 　

A．	comfortable to live
B．	friendly to live
C．	unhealthy to live
D．	unfit to live

（4）Which place didn't experience drought this year？ 　 　

A．	Europe．
B．	Australia．
C．	America．
D．	China．

（5）What is the main idea for this passage？ 　 　

A．	The whole planet is drier and drier．
B．	The Antarctica is warmer and warmer．
C．	Climate change is getting worse and worse．
D．	The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller．

第一节阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断其后面所给句子的对错．

    Most people agree that trees look nice， but not everyone knows that trees can also help cities save money． A few years ago， the US Forest Service studied trees in Chicago． They found that just one tree can save a city hundreds of dollars over its lifetime．

    Trees can save money by helping people save energy（能源）． Trees stop the sun shining on buildings． They also block（挡住） the winter wind． That helps people use less energy to make their homes or offices warm or cool． Saving energy is saving money．

    Trees have another way to help a city save money． When it rains， there will be a lot of water in a city's sewers （下水道）． Cities need lots of money to clean that water． But before the rainwater gets to the dirty sewers， trees can take some into themselves． With the help of trees， there is less water to clean．

（1）Everyone knows that trees can help cities save money．　　

A． Right

B． Wrong

（2）One tree can save a city hundreds of dollars in one day．　　

A． Right

B． Wrong

（3）Trees can help people save energy．　　

A． Right

B． Wrong

（4）Trees can take all the rainwater into themselves．　　

A． Right

B． Wrong

（5）With the help of trees， cities need less money to clean the rainwater．　　

A． Right

B． Wrong

Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme（酵素）that eats plastics（塑料）． With its help， plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly． Scientists believe that， in the future， it could solve the problem of plastic pollution．

The enzyme is able to break downPET， a form of plastic． PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles． It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water． So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics．

The researchers made the discovery（发现）while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan． They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics． So， they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids（氨基酸）． It made the natural enzyme's plastic﹣eating abilities work faster and better．

John McGeehan， one of the lead researchers， said， "We've made an improved enzyme． It's better

than he natural one． And we are trying to make more improvements to it． "He went on， "The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals， and it is friendly to the environment． So we are considering putting it into wider use．"

The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities（大量地）．"We'll see that the plastic pollution may be stopped with this technology． However， there is still a long way to go，"John McGeehan added．

（1）According to the scientists， the enzyme may solve the problem of 　　pollution．

A．	air
B．	water
C．	light
D．	plastic

（2）The underlined phrase "break down" in the passage probably means " 　　" in Chinese．

A．	实验
B．	生产
C．	发明
D．	分解

（3）Researchers discovered that a natural enzyme helped eat plastics 　　．

A．	in Britain
B．	in the US
C．	in Japan
D．	in China

（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage 　　？

A．	The scientists are still trying to improve the enzyme．
B．	The enzyme will pollute large areas of land and water．
C．	The natural enzyme works better than the improved one．
D．	The natural enzyme is harmful to humans and animals．

You only have one pair of eyes， so take care of them． When you're in the sun， wear sunglasses． Sunshine can damage your eyes． When your eyes itch or hurt， don't rub them．Your fingers have germs on them． These can get into your eyes and make you sick． Staring at a computer screen can strain your eyes．You blink （眨眼） your eyes 10 times every minute． But when you stare at something， you only blink two or three times per minute． So remember to blink more． This helps your eyes．

（1）Why should we take care of our eyes？

　　

（2）When you're in the sun， what can you wear？

　　

（3）Why shouldn't you rub your eyes when they itch or hurt？

　　

（4）How can you protect your eyes when you stare at a computer screen？

　　

（5）What does the writer want to tell us？

　　

Gardening is popular in many parts of the world． It brings us sweet smelling flowers， fresh fruit and vegetables． But you can get more from your garden．

Gardening helps to keep healthy． Today's people sit indoors for too long and don't get much exercise． When you garden， you have to move around． It's a good chance for you to exercise your body by watering flowers or doing some digging． Besides， when you are in your garden， you can feel the warm sunshine． This means you are getting Vitamin D． It helps your bodies use calcium（钙），which is necessary to keep your bones（骨骼） strong．

______It gets them of computers， televisions and phones． Gardening can be a great teacher to teach children about nature and healthy eating． It can also help them to understand the meaning of " No pains， no gains．"

Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships．When you are gardening， you are outdoors． So it is a perfect time to communicate with your neighbors． Most people love to talk about their hobbies， and so do gardeners． They usually enjoy showing people what they are growing． And most enjoy sharing advice and stories about their gardens．

（1）When it's 　　，you can get Vitamin D in your garden．

A．	sunny
B．	cloudy
C．	snowy
D．	rainy

（2）According to the passage， 　　is one of the gardening activities．

A．	watching TV
B．	watering flowers
C．	walking dogs
D．	playing with phones

（3）Which of the following can be the missing part in Paragraph 3 　　？

A．	Gardening will be good for your bones．
B．	Gardening may help people to feel happy．
C．	Gardening is a great activity to do with children．
D．	Gardening can be a good way to meet neighbors．

（4）The best title of the passage may be " 　　"．

A．	Outdoor Activities
B．	Advantages of Gardening
C．	Healthy Eating Habits
D．	Relationships with Neighbors

"Early to bed and early to rise make a man healthy，wealthy and wise．"This is an old English saying．It means that when we go to bed early，we can get up early the next morning．Then we will become healthy．We will also become rich and clever．

This is true．To be healthy，we must have enough sleep．Experts（专家） say that adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep a night．Teenagers need nine to ten hours．And school﹣aged children may need more than ten hours of sleep．Children who do not have enough sleep can't do their work very well．They won't be wise and they may not become wealthy!

We also need exercise．Walking，running，swimming and playing games are all exercise．Exercise keeps us strong．It also helps the blood to move around the body．This is very important．Our blood takes the nutrition（营养） from food to all parts of our body．

The head also needs blood．So exercise that moves the blood to our head helps us think better!

（1）If we get up early and go to bed early，we'll 　　．

A．	become weak
B．	have more time
C．	be healthy
D．	have more work to do

（2）Who needs most hours of sleep to keep healthy？ 　　

A．	Adults
B．	Teenagers
C．	Experts
D．	School﹣aged children

（3）A child 　　when he does not have enough sleep．

A．	can't study well
B．	will be wise
C．	will be wealthy
D．	will be active in class

（4）A person needs exercise because 　　．

A．	he is strong enough
B．	it helps make him healthy
C．	he has a lot of homework to do
D．	It can bring him much blood

（5）Which of the following is Not TRUE？ 　　

A．	Exercise helps the blood to move．
B．	Exercise is good for a person's head．
C．	If we have enough blood，we'll be wise．
D．	It's good for us to get up early and go to bed early．

Which topic drew the most attention from people around the world in 2019？It was climate（气候） change， according to three well﹣known English dictionaries．

   The Oxford， Colls and Cambridge dictionaries chose"climate emergency"， "climate strike" and"upcycling"， respectively， as their"Word of the Year"．This tells us that climate change was a widely﹣discussed issue（话题） in 2019．

   "Climate emergency"means a situation in which urgent action is needed to reduce climate change．"Climates strike" refers to people leaving work or school to call for more action to protect the environment．"Upcycling"refers to making new items out of old or used items to reduce waste．

   Climate change has already affected the world in many ways．Take Venice， for example．Due to climate change， Venice experienced the worst flooding（洪水） it has seen in the last 50 years in 2019．Many stores，restaurants and hotels were flooded．This caused serious damage toting hundreds of millions of euros（欧元）．

   A though we've known about global warming（全球变暖） for a long time， people have been slow to respond to it．The year 2019 might have been the turning point that will finally encourage us to take responsibility．

   "Ten years ago， when the science on the climate issue was first increasing， the influences could be seen as an issue for future generations（子孙后代） ， "Katharine， a climate scientist， told The New York Times．"It's no doubt our issue now．"

   However， simply realizing that climate change is a threat（威胁） is not enough．We must take real action before it is too late．

根据短文内容，用符合语义及语法规则的词填空，每空一词．

（1）The words"Climate Emergency"， "Climate Stike"and"Upcycling"talked about 　　　　，which was the hot issue in 2019．

（2）"Climate strike"means people call for more action to protect the environment 　　working or going to school．

（3）In 2019， Venice lost hundreds of millions of euros because many 　                 　， 　 　 　　were flooded．

（4）What Katharine said means that 　　　 　for us to think over the issue of climate change．

（5）We must do something on climate change 　　than simply think it is a threat．

COVID﹣19（新冠肺炎）is spreading all over the world． What should we do to prevent the virus（病毒）from spreading？ Here are the suggestions．

    First， we should seldom go out． It's easier to get sick outside． When we have to go out， we must wear face masks（口罩）． Second， we should often open the windows in order to keep the air in the room fresh． Fresh air is good for us to keep healthy． Third， we ought to wash our hands many times a day， especially before meals and after going to the toilet．And each time we should wash them with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds． Fourth， make sure we have a good sleep at night． People who are tired or under stress can get sick easily， so it's important to have enough sleep． Lastly， we can do sports like walking or running slowly at home．

   Everything will go well as long as we take good care of ourselves． We believe that we will win the fight soon．

（1）What must we wear when we go out？　　

（2）What should we often do to keep the air in the room fresh？　　

（3）How long should we wash hands each time？　　

（4）Why is it important to have enough sleep？　　

（5）Can we do sports at home？　　

Since July 2019， Shanghai has been the first city to sort their garbage．Staring on May 1"．2020， Beijing also became one of the members by introducing a new garbage sorting policy．Green garbage has come to China．

In the past， people put a lot of garbage into one pile and then took the garbage to landfill sites．These landfill sites， however， could pollute the land and water． So， if we can find ways to reuse or recycle more garbage， then we will cause less pollution．

The new plan asks people to put their garbage into four different boxes， one for each type of garbage． The brown box is for "wet garbage" （such as food and drink waste）， The red one is for harmful waste （such as batteries and electronics）． The blue one is for recyclable things （such as paper and plastic）．And finally， the black one is for"dry garbage" （everything else）． This "sort your garbage" plan is the same as other plans used by cities around the world． These plans have been very successful． In Canada， it's expected that 85% of plastic will be recycled by 2025．

Why should we sort our garbage？The reason is that we are producing increasing amount of waste every year．It's reported that Chinese cities produce over 200 million tons of waste each year．Reducing that amount will surely help the environment．

However．the garbage sorting is a long journey as it takes time for people to learn and form a habit．More cities are on their way．By 2005 ，it's hoped most Chinese cities will complete the building of garbage sorting．

（1）How do the people Beijing and Shanghai deal with the garbage now？ 　　

A．	They put the garbage into one pile and carry it to the landfill sites．
B．	They sort the garbage into different boxes．
C．	They change most of the garbage into something useful．
D．	They trow he garbage away and burn it．

（2）If you want to throw away half a bottle of juice， which box will you throw it into？ 　　

A．	The brown box．
B．	The blue box．
C．	The red box and the black box．
D．	The brown box and the blue box．

（3）What's the structure of the passage？ （P ＝ Paragraph） 　　

（4）Why did the writer write this passage？ 　　

A．	To sum up some right ways to protect the environment．
B．	To give some successful examples of sorting garbage in some cities．
C．	To show us that the landfill sites polluted the land and water．
D．	To encourage people to get into he habit of sorting garbage．