Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
I’m not a fast reader and I don’t read as much as many other people, but reading is something I enjoy. It opens new worlds to me and widens my perspective(洞察力,眼力).
Recently I found Kobo，an online book store that allows me to buy e-books and read them on a device of my choice. I’m a girl living in Indonesia, where e-books are not available and I had to buy physical books from Amazon in the past. There are two problems with it:
Shipping cost. Since I live far away from the United States, it costs a lot to ship a book. Shipping costs almost as much as the book itself.
Shipping time. It takes about three weeks for the books to arrive through postal mail.
Now with Kobo, I can eliminate those two problems. Not only does it cost less time and money to get the books, but also I prefer to read e-books this way than reading physical books. Here are three reasons why:
I can easily bring the books everywhere. Since all the books are in my iPod touch, I can simply put the device into my pocket and bring it everywhere I go.
The size is smaller. The size of the iPod Touch is smaller than a physical book. This makes reading more convenient for me.
I can read in any position I want. The iPod has a light source, so I can read when I am in darkness. This means that I can read in practically any position and condition.
One more advantage I haven’t mentioned is space. Physical books take space, but e-books don’t. Why does the author like reading? (no more than 11 words)
_____________________________________________________What are the problems with buying physical books from Amazon? (no more than 9 words)
_____________________________________________________How can the author read when she is in darkness? (no more than 6 words)
_____________________________________________________What’s the author’s attitude towards e-books? (no more than 1 word)
_____________________________________________________
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two days offer a chance to think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child-care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A. red one stands for a living mother. A. white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services（宗教仪式）to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit their graves(坟). On these days, families get together at home and in restaurants. They often have outdoor BBQs for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephones companies and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
| Types |
●Mother’s Day ● |
| to show love and respect for parents. |
|
| Common points |
offer a chance to think about |
| of celebrating |
● wearing carnations on Mother’s Day. ● ● ● ● |
| Giving cards and gifts to parents. |
Children are great. However, being a parent to a child can be very challenging. In your child’s preschool years he is sure to test you to see what he can and can’t get away with. Ensuring your child behaves himself is easier said than done. But you can minimize(最小化)frustrations and enjoy every moment you have with your child by the following.
Spend quality time with your child. Try putting off some work to spend time with your child. Play with him or read him a book. By spending quality time with him every day you are letting your child know that you are concerned about him.
State your rules in black and white. At first, it may be tough for you to carry them out just because of your child’s too much crying, and you have to give in to him at times. But in the long term, by sticking to your rules, you are letting your child know what behaviour you will and will not bear.
Punishment should be avoided if possible. It will deeply affect your child’s physical and mental health. It you want to correct his mis behavior, do it in a friendly way.
You children copy their parents’ behavior. If you are trying to teach your child to always be kind to others, your behavior needs to suggest that. By being on your best behavior in front of your child you will set a wonderful example to him. Your child will only be this age once. Allow your child to make his own decisions. Let him make mistakes sometimes so he will learn to be more responsible for his actions.
Another thing that you have to remember is to let your child understand that his actions always affect other people and his misbehavior is not the solution to his problem.
By following those above, you are on your way to having a well-behaved child and getting along well with him.
| Title: How to raise 1._______ I. Difficulty It is 2. ______to shape a kid. II.3. _______ l Spare some time with your kid and let him know 4. _______. l Be consistent in carrying out 5. _______. l Correct your kid’s misbehavior in a friendly way rather than 6. _______. l Make yourself a good 7. ______ to your kid. l Give your kid 8. ______ to arrange his own life. l Help your kid know 9. _______ have an effect on others and his misbehavior makes no sense. III. 10. _______ Your kid will behave himself and you will have a good relationship with him. |
An allowance（零花钱）is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decision. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not a right amount. Actually amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work out a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures(花费) such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. “If you make the child responsible for these bills,” Says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.”
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peer’s can feel left out.
It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten, her 
mother gave her $1, 75% of which for bus fare and lunch. “If you lose your money,” Brooke’s mother told her, “you walk home.” One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. “Mom made me walk home.” recalled Stephens, now a financial planner. “ At first I was angry, but I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson.” Experts advise that an allowance not be tied directly to child’s daily chores（日常家务）.Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home that can develop his or her initiative.
| An Allowance |
|
| The passage mainly discusses how to teach a child about 1. |
|
| As an important tool, an allowance teaches children how to budget, save and make their ___2___. |
Josephine Swanson suggests that you should work out a budget for your child 3 . |
| If you make the child 4 for these bills, he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.” |
|
| The author thinks that you should keep your child’s allowance in line with that of 5__. |
|
| An 6 of Brook Stephens |
Brook’s mum told her that if she lost her money, she has to 7 . |
| At first she felt 8 , but she finally realized that her mother was trying to teach her an important lesson. |
|
| About child’s daily chores |
The author suggests children should 9 the house and they should realize they are 10___ of a family. |
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意： 每个空格只填1个单词。
Being yourself refers to not trying to copy anyone or do what isn’t your nature. Then what does it take to be yourself？First, you must know yourself inside. Looking inside is the key to knowing your positive aspects. If you yourself aren’t clear about who “YOU” are and what your personal analysis is, you’ll come to a dead end. It’s essential to be comfortable with yourself and think positively.
Once you’ve done a self analysis, it’s time to focus on this material world. Think about what you basically want to do and achieve in life. Make it clear to yourself what you like and do not like and what your passion (激情) is in your life. If you dislike something, don’t try to like it just because your best friend is fond of it. Focusing on your passion and interests will keep you positive.
Honesty is the best policy for being yourself. Be honest and express what you feel but make sure that you do not hurt others. Wherever you can speak out freely without holding anything back, it is best to be honest. That adds character to your personality and is essential for being yourself in a relationship as well.
Be confident but don’t be overconfident. You have to believe in what you do and what you want. If you hesitate, getting up and giving it your best shot with full confidence is what matters. Moreover, you should have faith in yourself. If you know who you are, it would not matter much what the whole world thinks of you. But that won’t mean that you have unrealistic expectations from yourself.
Understanding how to be yourself does not at all mean that you focus only on your inner self. I mean that your external (外在的) appearance also matters a lot. If you are poorly dressed or wearing your dad’s old T-shirt, no one would come and talk to you. So one needs to dress well and look good. Unless people come and talk to you, they would not know what kind of person you are. In a word, you need to have a combination of inner beauty and a smart appearance.
| Title: How to Be yourself |
|
| Passage outline |
Supporting details |
| Know yourself inside |
●Look inside to know your positive aspects. ●Be clear about who “YOU” are and know your personal analysis. ●Be comfortable with yourself and think (1) |
| Focus on this material world |
●Think about your (2) goal in life. ●Be clear about your likes, dislikes and (3) . ●Avoid (4) yourself to like something you actually dislike. |
| Be (5) . |
●Express your feeling without (6) other people. ●Try to speak out freely and honestly. |
| Be confident but don’t be overconfident. |
●Believe in what you do and what you want. ●Have(7) in yourself and don’t care about others’ opinions about you. ●Have(8) expectations from yourself. |
| Don’t(9) your external appearance. |
●Dress well and look good. ●(10) your inner beauty with a smart appearance. |
We’ve all done it at one point or another. You’re driving along to work or school when that familiar sound reaches your eardrums(耳膜). You look down, reach into your pocket and begin to read, your steering wheel(方向盘) in one hand, your phone in the other. As you respond to that text message from your friend, you look intermittently(间歇地) at the road, and then back down at your phone. You’ve done it plenty of times before. What can go wrong?
What do you think is the number one killer of teenagers in the U.S.? Drugs? Alcohol? Violence? The answer is distracted driving. According to the National Safety Council, over 24 percent of all motor vehicle crashes involve cell phone use. Either a quick 30-second phone call or a simple text reading may be the cause of a traffic accident. In addition, drivers who talk on a cell phone, whether hands-free or not, are four times more likely to crash.
The risk of teenagers getting into an accident rises sharply. According to keepthedrive.com, more than 3,000 teenagers die in car accidents each year with about another 450,000 teenagers being injured. Additionally, according to a University of Utah study, reading or sending even one text message is equal to having a 0.08 alcohol level. In most states, that is considered as drunk-driving.
So, how do you prevent yourself from the danger of distracted driving? The answer is simpler than you might think. Put your phone away. Mute(消音) your phone or just turn it off while driving. If you still can’t help reaching for your phone, throw it on the backseat. This way, you won’t be able to get to it until you arrive at your destination.
You may get away with talking on the phone now, but there may be a day when you don’t. Dropping your phone may be an inconvenience, but it’s better than being a victim of your distracted driving.
| Title: The danger of reading and texting on the phone while driving |
|
| Drivers are used to reading and |
|
distracted driving |
About a quarter of all motor vehicle crashes are Drivers talking on a cell phone have a much stronger |
| The rising risk of teenagers getting into accidents |
A number of teenagers get Reading or sending one text message while driving |
| Mute your phone or turn it off to keep you concentrated on driving. Put your phone out of your |
|
| Conclusion |
It may be not |
读下面一篇文章，根据文中信息完成所给表格，每空不超过三个单词。
People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two days offer a chance to think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child-care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A. red one stands for a living mother. A. white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services（宗教仪式）to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit their graves. On these days, families get together at home and in restaurants. They often have outdoor BBQs for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephones companies and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
1.
| Types/ categories |
●Mother’s Day ●2. |
| 3. |
to show love and respect for parents. |
| Common points |
offer a chance to think about4. |
| 5. |
● wearing carnations on Mother’s Day. ●6. to honor parents. ●7. ●8. at home and in restaurant. ●9. |
| 10. |
Giving cards and gifts to parents. |
One reason Americans eat so many calories is that we tend to eat large portions(分量). Studies find that hamburgers and fries are generally offered in serving sizes two to five times larger than the appropriate meal size. Researchers find we usually clean our plates no matter how high they're piled, even if we already feel satisfied. See the suggestions below to further master the fine art of sizing up（估量） your snacks and suppers.
Extremely large portions are one possible reason Americans continue getting fatter even as the percentage of our total calories from fat has gone down in recent years. Fortunately, portions are relatively simple to control because it's easier to count cookies than calories or grams of fat.
Pre-picture portions. Use familiar objects to picture how much you should eat of a food before you pick up your fork or spoon. For example, a half cup of low-fat granola is about the size of your fist. A half cup of low-fat ice cream equals half an orange.
Use a smaller dish. This tip might sound ridiculous, but it works. First and most obvious is that you can't put as much food on, say, a salad plate. But psychologically, you're just not as prone to eat as heartily and quickly if your plate will be empty in 45 seconds.
Have raw vegetables at every meal. Raw cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, and peppers have few calories and lots of nutrients. A plate of them in the middle of the table almost always gets eaten up, cutting down appetite for the more calorie-dense meat.
Start your meal with soup. Studies show that a bowl of soup at the start of the meal reduces overall meal consumption, since they are lowest in calories and highest in nutrients.
Manage your fork. After every bite of food, put your fork down. Don't pick it up until you have thoroughly chewed and swallowed the previous bite. The goal is both to slow down your eating and to eat less. Remember: Your body needs 20 minutes of digestion before it sends signals to your brain that you are no longer hungry.
| Helpful hints on how to get a handle on the how-much factor |
|
| Facts |
Hamburgers and fries served in restaurants are generally two to five times the Americans usually clean their plates |
| Effects |
Americans continue getting fatter even as they have eaten |
| a. Use b. Use a smaller dish and thus eat c. Have raw vegetables at every meal to cut down d. Start your meal with e. Put down your fork at |
务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后面的表格中填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空格只填一个单词。
We always believe life will be better after we get married, have a baby, then another then still another. Then we think the kids aren’t old enough and we’ll be more content when they are. After that we think we have teenagers to deal with. We will certainly be happy when they are out of that stage.
We always tell ourselves our life will be complete when we get a nice car, and are able to go on a nice vacation when we retire. The truth is that there’s no better time than right now. If not now, when? Our life will always be filled with challenges. It’s best to admit this to ourselves and try to be happy from now on.
One of my favorite quotes（引语）comes from Alfred Souza. He said, “For a long time it seemed to me real life was about to begin. But there were always some difficulties in the way, something to be got through first, some unfinished business, time still to be served, a debt to be paid. Then life would begin. At last it was clear to me that these difficulties were my life.”
This view has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way. So treasure every moment that you have.
And remember time waits for no one. So stop waiting until you finish school; until you get married; until you have kids; until you retire; until you get a new car; until spring.
Happiness is a journey, not a destination. So, work like you don’t need money, love like you’ve never been hurt. And dance like no one’s watching.
Try to do what you like and enjoy what you can enjoy at present or you will feel regretful when you are too old to do anything.
| Title：Happiness |
|
| Theme |
Happiness is a journey. |
| Our (1) ____________ feelings |
● We can live a (2) _____________ life after we experience every important event. ● We can feel happier after we (3) _____________ every great dream. |
| The true situation |
● We can’t find any time better than now. ● Our life is always (4) _____________. ● There will always be (5) _____________ in our life. ● Difficulties themselves are (6) _____________. |
| (7) ____________ |
● No way (8) ______________ to happiness. ● Happiness itself is the way. |
| The right performance |
● Don’t wait until you have gone through every important stage and reached every great aim. ● (9) ______________ every moment in our life. ● Do what you like and be (10) ______________ you are. |
任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
We all have goals that we are moving towards and making a great effort to achieve. This is a good thing. Or can it be bad? How many of us never reach our goals and yet we have tried so hard and really thought about nothing else? I believe the mistake most of us make is that we do not focus on our present situation.
Let me explain. Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone that we use simply as a means of reaching our final destination. We don’t take time to truly appreciate where we are today and all the great things we already have in our lives. We should focus our attention on the journey and not on the destination, or we will miss the beautiful scenery along the way.
Let’s use our job as an example. Now most of us want a promotion. We have plans to become the manager or general manager in our companies. Unfortunately, most of us will never reach the goal, but will watch others achieve our goal instead.
What we should be doing is focusing on the job we are currently in now. Forget where we want to get to and just focus on the present. You see, what we can control is our performance in our current job. We can decide to be the best we possibly can in our current job. Now this may mean further education to have the skills we currently do not have. It may mean working harder to produce better results than our colleagues. It could simply be a change of attitude, such as stopping complaining and becoming a more devoted and supportive employee. By doing our current job to the best of our abilities, we in fact give ourselves the best chance of promotion.
So the best thing for all of us to do to achieve our goals is to just focus on what we have and where we are now. Do the best and be the best we possibly can in our current situations, and we will give ourselves the very best chance of reaching our goals in the future. We have heard the old sayings and they are true: “Rome wasn’t built in a day.”, “Patience is a virtue”, and so on.
Have patience, have appreciation of what we already have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can. Do these things and we will all reach our goals, but more importantly, we will enjoy our life every day.
| Title |
Focus on the present |
| Theme |
To (1) ________ our goals, we should focus on what we have and where we are now. |
| Common (2)________ |
﹡We do not focus on our present situation. ﹡Most of us see our present situation as a stepping stone to our final destination. ﹡We do not spend the time truly (3)________ where we are today and what we already have in our lives. |
| (4)_________ ——our job |
﹡(5)________ the thought of getting promoted. What we should do is (6) ________ our best to do our current job. ﹡To be the best in our current job, we should get further education, work harder than (7)________, stop complaining and (8)________ ourselves to our job. |
| Conclusion |
If we are (9) ________, grateful for what we have, and take time to help ourselves be the very best we can, we can not only (10) ________ in the future, but also enjoy our life every day. |
任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题１分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格只填一个单词。
BEIJING, Dec.21, 2012--Hundreds of college graduates yesterday attended interviews to be volunteer teachers of Chinese in Thailand, the Philippines and other Asian countries.
As many as 380 people turned out at the Minzu University of China for the recruitment(招募) drive organized by the Beijing Center of the Promotion of Chinese Overseas.
Recruiters(招聘人员)say they’ll pick 300 people from Beijing to teach Chinese in neighboring countries, to meet the ever-increasing demand for Chinese teachers in foreign countries. An official of the volunteer center of the Office of the Chinese Language Council International said that Chinese teachers are in great demand because learning Chinese is now part of compulsory education(义务教育) in many primary schools in Asian countries such as Thailand. Chinese teachers can be found in almost all the elementary schools in Thailand.
An official with the Beijing International Center for Chinese Language, said those who passed the interview would go through a five-month training period. Successful candidates would then become volunteers and teach Chinese to primary and middle school students in Thailand, Philippines and other neighboring countries. Each volunteer would receive $800 in subsidies(津贴), with accommodation and medical insurance covered by the school. Volunteers who perform well will be recommended to continue their graduate studies of teaching Chinese at universities when they return.
The official added that the basic requirement for candidates is that they have to have a bachelor’s degree, pass a Chinese-level test and a College English Band Four Exam. Candidates were tested on Chinese grammar, pronunciation, blackboard writing and English. Those with skills such as singing Chinese songs or dancing were preferred, she said.
| Graduates line up to teach 1._______________ overseas |
|
| Date of the interview |
Dec. 20, 2012 |
| 2.___________ of the interview |
the Minzu University of China |
| Basic 73. _______________ for candidates |
★having a 4. _______________ degree |
| ★5. _______________ a Chinese-level test |
|
| ★passing a College English Band Four Exam |
|
| Tested subjects |
Chinese grammar, 6._______________, blackboard writing and English |
| Destination countries |
7._______________, the Philippines and other Asian countries |
| Rewards |
★$800 a month with accommodation and 8.______________ insurance covered by the school |
| ★ may have the 9._______________ to continue their graduate studies of teaching Chinese at universities. |
|
| 10._______________for increasing need for Chinese teachers |
Learning Chinese is now part of compulsory education in many Asian countries. |
任务型阅读（每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
Children who grow up with self-control and an understanding of others’ needs will be happy and successful adults, according to Dr. Cleen Kelly Mast, an expert on children’s health. The key to raising a successful child comes from realizing what is true happiness.
For a person to be truly happy, he or she should learn to form the habits of self-discipline and generosity (慷慨). Parents must help their children to reach this point by emphasizing the development of virtue and the advantage of forming good habits. “We have wonderful support systems through our schools,” Dr. Mast said, “but they are just support systems. The school cannot make up for what is lacking at home.” According to Dr. Mast, family life is well suited to educate children in virtuous living and the development of what she calls a “fine-tuned” conscience, which brings happy feeling.
So how can busy parents help children fine-tune their consciences? Dr. Mast suggested parents stop blaming and criticizing and teach children the skills of self-discipline through concrete actions.
However, a parent’s good example is not enough. Children must become involved in their own development. Parents can help to achieve that by making children realize that they are responsible for their actions in difficult situations, and they can choose to stop protecting them from painful experiences as well. Good discipline is not just making children follow their parents’ demands. “We parents must encourage them with more than ‘Because I said so.’” said Dr. Mast. Besides, orderliness and organization are quite important for children to achieve self-discipline.
In a broad sense, humans are designed to love, and love involves sacrifice, which is not a quite popular idea in the modern world. Parents need to work on developing their children’s habits of generosity and kindness to others. “Help your child, and yourself, to think kind thoughts of others, while pushing out negative thoughts.” said Dr. Mast. She also suggested parents find out their children’s nature by analyzing the way they react to situations or to other people. And it is also considered effective to have them develop the habit of reviewing the day nightly, with a focus on correcting their own particular faults.
But life is not all work and no play. All have the right to enjoy life. As parents, it is your duty to help your children form good habits and let them have fun while working hard, which will result in success when they grow up.
| Title |
Develop habits that make children successful |
| Theory |
The key to raising successful children comes from (1) _________ what is true happiness and encouraging children to form habits of self-discipline and generosity. |
| Schools are just support systems, which cannot make up for what children (2) _________ to learn at home. |
|
| Help children to be self-disciplined |
Parents should stop blaming and criticizing, set a(n) (3) _________ for their children and help them acquire the skills of self-discipline. |
| Children should be aware that facing difficult situations, it is their (4) _________ to learn how to act. |
|
| Good discipline is not just forcing children into (5) _________ the requests of their parents. |
|
| It is important for children to learn how to keep things in (6) _________ and to be organized. |
|
| Help children to be generous |
It is suggested that parents find out the nature of their children through their (7) _________ to situations or to other people. |
| Developing the habit of reviewing the day every (8) _________ is a great help in correcting particular faults. |
|
| (9) _________ |
It is a duty for parents to help children form good habits, which leads to children’s (10) _________ in the future. |
任务型阅读（每空一词，每空一分）
It is interesting to know what people of different nations like to be best.
In France, when a woman enters a café or restaurant, she is freely discussed, not only about her appearance but about her past and future as well. She invites looks in the street whether she is beautiful or plain. There is no better way for a woman to get back her self-confidence than a walk in the streets of Paris or Marseilles, and woman really like that.
In Italy, people love talking. They sit about in cafes, exchanging news and discussing politics. They do not hesitate to ask questions about the family, income and private life of anybody who happens to be there.
The Swiss eat as a pastime. Ladies walk into a teashop, eat a couple of ice creams and a large piece of chocolate cake, and then leave, complaining about their weight.
For the Americans, the greatest fondness is said to be the push of buttons. You push a button in the lift, you push a button for cigarette, chewing gums, stamps, even for a life insurance. You can even push a button to get married and another button to get divorced.
In England, waiting in a line is national passion. The English will form a line whether they have the opportunity or not. Long queues can be seen, for example, at stations when the train is practically empty and everybody can have a seat.
| In different |
What people like to do best |
| In France |
People love to discuss how a woman Women like to |
| In Italy |
People sit in café, |
| In Swiss |
Ladies eat a lot of fatty |
| In the |
It seems that you can do almost everything |
| In England |
The whole nation love to |
At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the Americanfamily was falling apart.A century later, we know that this was not the case. However,although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in theUnited States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includesgrandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear familyconsists of only parents and children.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biologicalchildren. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster,families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry againand combine the children from previous marriages into the new families），childlessfamilies, and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthratebegan to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go tocollege and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced seriousfinancial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost theirjobs. During World War II（1939-1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care oftheir homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.
During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, andpeople married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It wasunusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children weregrowing tip. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in thesuburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in thestructure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled andthe birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number ofcouples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single-parenthousehold, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as the typical family in theStates. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in thetwenty-first century.
The Changes of the American Family
| Main comparisons |
Contexts |
|
| Different___1____ |
There were two __2___ types of families in the past, ___3____, the extended and the nuclear. |
|
| Nowadays __4___types of families can be seen than before. |
||
| Changes in different ___5_____. |
In the 1900s and 1940s |
Many of the women had to work outside due to the __6___of money., thus causing the fall of __7__and the rise of divorce rate. |
| In the 1950s |
Divorce rate slided and there were more children . The families tended to be ___8___ again. |
|
| In the years between 1960s and 1990s |
Different types of familes__9____. Traditional families are no longer the typical ones in America. |
|
| A trend worth noting |
||
| Author’s opinion on changes |
The present structure is ___10____; it will experience changes again in the near future. |
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意：表格中的每个空只填一个单词。
Stress is an uncomfortable feeling in the mind from any situation or thought that makes you feel frustrated,angry, or anxious. Stress is often accompanied by physical symptoms like trembling,sleeping difficulties and nightmares（恶梦）.
Stress is a normal part of life.In small quantities,stress is good—it can motivate you and help you be more productive. However,too much stress is harmful. It can cause general poor health as well as specific physical or mental depression. Persistent and never-ceasing stress often leads to anxiety and unhealthy behaviours like abuse of alcohol or drugs.
Certain drugs can lead to symptoms of stress due to side effects. A poor diet can also contribute to stress or anxiety.Performance stress is related to specific situations,like taking a test or making a presentation in public. Post-traumatic stress develops after an unforgettably shocking event like war, physical attacks, or a natural disaster.
Any effective ways to cope with your stress or anxiety? One step is to make a list of what you think might be making you ‘stress out’:Is something constantly on your mind? Does anything in particular make you sad or depressed?
Then,find someone you believe in who will listen to you. Often,just talking to a friend or loved one is all that is needed to relieve anxiety. Most communities also have support groups and hotlines that can help. Social workers,psychologists,and other mental health professionals may be needed for therapy and medication.
Also, find healthy ways to deal with stress. For example, eat a healthy diet,get enough sleep, exercise regularly, limit caffeine and alcohol.Learn and practice relaxation techniques like yoga and tai chi. Make sure to balance fun activities with your responsibilities. Spend time with people you enjoy. Find self-help books at your local library or bookstore.
| Title |
Stress |
| The |
An uncomfortable feeling in the mind,making you feel frustrated,angry and anxious, |
| The |
●Positive/good stress can motivate people, ● |
| Possible |
●Side effects of certain drugs ●Poor diets ●Stress ●Stress developing after unforgettably shocking events,like war,physical attacks,or a natural disaster |
Effective  to coping with stress |
● ●Finding someone you trust who will listen to you ●Finding healthy ways to deal with it,such as |
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