Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, is the story of a young woman’s struggle to find happiness. As a child, Jane is sent to live with her aunt and uncle after her parents die. Her aunt and cousins are very cruel to her. Then, Jane is sent to Lowood, a school for poor children. Here, she experiences more cruelty. The students do not get enough food to eat and they have to wear old, ugly clothes. At Lowood, Jane makes a good friend, Helen Burns, who is very kind and patient. She believes that it is better to do without the things you want. Even though Jane loves Helen, she cannot agree with her. Jane believes that both rich and powerful people and poor people deserve the same treatment.
Jane leaves Lowood years later and becomes the private teacher of the daughter of Mr. Rochester, who is a very rich man. Jane is still not completely satisfied with her life because she realizes that women do not have the freedom to choose what they want to do—she has become a teacher because she has no other choice.
Jane and Mr. Rochester fall in love and make arrangements to get married. However, on the day of the wedding, Jane is disturbed to learn that Mr. Rochester is already married. His wife is mad and is locked in the attic. Mr. Rochester says that he still wants to marry her. Even though Jane loves him, she knows that it would not be a good idea to stay with him. So, she makes the difficult decision to leave him.
Jane meets St John Rivers and his sisters, and stays with them. Jane finally has the loving family that she has always wanted. After some time, St John proposes to Jane. As Jane does not truly love him, she refuses him even though he is a good man. Jane goes back to Mr. Rochester to find out that his wife has died and they are free to get married. By following what she believes is right, Jane finds happiness in the end.What is the story Jane Eyre about? (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________What is Jane’s belief? (No more than 12 words) (2 marks)
_____________________________________________________________Why is Jane not satisfied with her life? (No more than 12 words) (3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________How does Jane find happiness in the end? (No more than 7 words) (3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________
Mr. Rock teaches maths at a secondary school. He knows well of his neighbours except the man who lives next door. The man never speaks to anyone and no one knows what he does to make a living.
One day, when Mr. Rock came home from work, he found a gold necklace outside his door. Mr. Rock wondered where it came from. He thought that perhaps someone had dropped it. Mr. Rock planned to take it to the police station the next day. He thought the police would be able to find the owner.
Just then, the police came to Mr. Rock’s home and saw the necklace in his hand. Mr. Rock was very shocked when he was accused(起诉) of robbery(抢劫). A policeman told him that a jewellery shop had been robbed. A witness said that she had seen someone run from the jewellery shop into Mr. Rock’s building right after the robbery. Mr. Rock was not the robber, but how could he prove it?What’s Mr. Rock’s job?
___________________________________（回答词数不超5个）Where did he find the necklace? (回答词数不超过3个) _______________________
Why did Mr. Rock feel shocked? (回答词数不超过6个) __________________________
For many times, you have got the feeling that a white guy who is 20 looks like 30. And they go bald faster too. Though there are also some who look really young for their age, white people generally look older!
Why do they look older? I think it’s because of both genes and lifestyle. White people are generally taller, which makes them appear older. Moreover, they like to be sunburnt, which ages and damages the skin and causes wrinkles. A 15-year-old white girl is addicted to sunbeds and has been using them for 3 years – and her skin is literally baked and dermatologists (皮肤科医生) say that she has the skin of a 35-year-old!
In fact, aging is based little on race, as it is on diet, exercise, and other lifestyle choices. We tend to eat more skin-friendly food, like fish and beans, but white people do not eat them so much. Makeup is bad for skin and ages it quicker too, and generally, white people start to wear it much younger and use a lot of it. Some even start to experiment with makeup at about 8 or 9 and wear makeup properly at around 12 to 14. Some white celebrities might look a little younger due to their makeup, but still they look older than their age.What’s the function of the first paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
____________________Why does the author think that the white look older? (no more than 5 words)
____________________How does the author prove that being sunburnt is harmful to one’s skin? (no more than 4 words)
____________________What is aging mainly connected with according to the last paragraph? (no more than 6 words)
____________________According to the last paragraph, what makes white people look older than their age? (no more than 3 words)
_____________________
The people of Dubai have extended their reach－into the sky. In January, the world’s tallest building opened there. The skyscraper, called the Buji Khalifa, is 162 stories high, with 60-mile views from the top of the tower. At 2,717 feet, the structure stands more than 1,000 feet taller than the last tallest building, the Taipei 101 in Taiwan.
After five years of construction, the Buji Khalifa opened with a party. But now the tower is getting down to business. The skyscraper has 37 floors of office space and 1,000 apartments. It will house the world’s largest mall. The owners hope that eventually more than 12,000 people will live and work in the 6 million square feet inside the building.
The Buji Khalifa was originally named the Buji Dubai, or Dubai Tower, after the region where it was built. Dubai is a sheikdom (酋长国) which is part of the United Arab Emirates. Recently, Dubai needed a loan. Sheik Khalifa, President of the United Arab Emirates, helped out. Buji Dubai was renamed Buji Khalifa in his honor.
The towering structure has broken a number of records besides the record for height. It has the world’s highest swimming pool, on the 123rd floor. It also has the world’s highest outdoor observation deck: Visitors can stand in the open air 124 stories above ground. Fifty-four elevators race up and down, going as fast as 40 miles an hour. Should the elevators stop working, 3,000 stairs go from top to bottom. And when it’s time to clean the windows, 36 workers will spend about three months washing them.
Reaching half a mile into the sky, the Buji Khalifa soars over even the world’s other highest skyscrapers. Its height outstrips the Taipei 101 by 60 stories. It stands more than 1,100 feet taller than China’s Shanghai World Financial Center. And Dubai’s new tower dwarfs one of the most famous skyscrapers of all: it stands more than twice as high as the Empire State Building in New York City, the world’s tallest building for more than 40 years.How tall is the Taipei 101? (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________________________________Why was Dubai Tower changed into the Buji Khalifa? (no more than 12 words)
____________________________________________________________________________What’s the main idea of the fourth paragraph? (no more than 9 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________Please give a suitable title to this passage. (no more than 10 words) ______________________________________________________________________________
Directions: Read the following passage, and answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Elephants and people are in competition for space. In much of Africa, elephants are now put in national parks. Elephants suffered a serious and steady decrease in number in the 1970s.This was the same time when scientists were beginning to learn a great deal about elephants and their behavior. Studies through the 1980s and into the 1990s showed a lot about their sounds and methods of communication.
In Kenya alone, in the 1970s and 1980s, the elephant population decreased from 170,000 t0 25,000. The sharp drop in number was the result of poachers (偷猎者) illegally killing elephants for their ivory. The price of ivory went up from $ 3 a pound to $ 50 to $ 100 a pound. Africa became very attractive to poachers. Bull elephants carried larger tusks (象牙) , so they were more often killed. With males gone and older females killed by poachers as well, there were many young elephants unable to benefit from the wisdom of the older females and matriarchs, who lead the herds.
Kenya took a stand that international trade in ivory was officially forbidden, and $ 3, 000,000 worth of confiscated (没收的) ivory was burned in Kenya. The following year, only 50 elephants were lost to poachers in Kenya instead of 3,000. But Kenya has the fastest growing human population in the world. People throughout Africa won’t tolerate elephants eating their crops and destroying their livelihoods. In South Africa, elephants live behind the fences of national parks. In some parts of Africa, big-game hunters pay a lot of money to hunt elephants. This keeps their numbers down, and the money goes toward conservation. In Kenya, there are some attempts at birth control to keep the elephant population in manageable numbers to reduce conflicts with people.
Faced with a growing human population, elephants are losing the battle for space. It’s unlikely, though, that they will become extinct(绝种的). They will live in natural parks that bring tourists to Africa as well as India and other parts of Asia. The money from tourism will help elephants to survive.
What’s the reason for elephant population decrease? ( No more than 8 words)
Why were bull elephants at higher risk of being killed? (No more than 6 words)
How can we reduce conflicts with elephants? (No more than 9 words)
Why is it not likely that elephants will become extinct? (no more than 15 words)
第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)
What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)
What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)
How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)
My grandmother was a master gardener that could make anything bloom. Even me.
She spent most of her life living on a farm in the mountains of North Caroline, where she got married, raised four children, and watched the changing of the seasons. When I was 12 years old, my dad gave up working downtown and moved back to the farm to turn to gardening. I visited on weekends to keep them company.
Every time my farm chores were done, I was free to climb the mountain, singing songs and gathering flowers. Sometimes the plants scratched me. My grandmother would say: “Beauty has a price. I hope it was worth it.” I would say, “Yes, ma’am. It was.” Then I’d scratch some more. At dusk, we’d sort the flowers and make bouquets(花束): One for the living room, one for the kitchen, and three for the bedrooms.
Even then as a child, I knew that what I desired most from my grandmother was not her flowers but her time. She has been gone for decades, but sometimes when I reach down to pick a flower or pull a weed, I see her hand, not mine. I thought I’d grow up to be a gardener as well. I informed myself, someday, when my children had children，I would be a gardening grandma. Then the grandbabies started showing up, and I discovered I would much rather chase after them than go digging.
The truth is, I’m no gardener. I’m a picker, not a planter. I don’t need to plant a garden. My children are my flowers. They delight me and complete me with a beauty that is worth any price.
My grandmother and I differ in lots of ways, but from her, I do learn what a grandmother means. I also learn that I need attend to my grandbabies with time and water them with love. I hope that, one day, when they hold their first grandchild, they might see my hand.Why did the author go to the farm on weekends?
(No more than 8 words) (2 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________How did the author and her grandmother deal with the collected flowers?
(No more than 12 words) (3 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________What did the author want most from her grandmother when she was a kid?
(No more than 4 words) (2 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________What does the author learn from her grandmother?
(No more than 15 words) (3 marks)
____________________________________________________________________________
Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Noble Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Noble Prize winner.
Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curie’s two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sevigne in Paris.
Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continue the work by developing X-ray facilities in military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognized in the form of a Military’s Medal by the French government.
In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institue. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity(辐射能). Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.where did Marie Curie and some other scholars teach their children?
(within 4 words)
_________________________________________________________________Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal? (within 7 words)
_________________________________________________________________Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot? (within 4 words)
_________________________________________________________________When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?
(within 2 words)
_________________________________________________________________What can the underlined word “leukemia” possibly be in the last paragraph? (within 2 words)
_________________________________________________________________
第一节 阅读表达：（共计5小题每小题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。
It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. The closer I got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old boy in 1961.
Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of pure happiness. Sam & Joe's had it all一books, candy, toys, baseball cards，puzzles and games. I went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda. There I sat, considering my next move.
Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy, rows and rows of it. I chose five candy bars, which brought my total to 75 cents. Then a bottle of cold orange juice, a bag of chips and a pack of Ted Williams baseball cards. After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.
I hurried directly to my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade against its strong trunk, I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.
As I sat in my own personal heaven，I started thinking about having more. That's when a fantastic life-changing idea popped into head: If I could get more money, I could buy more books l liked, buy anything l wanted. That's how it all started.How did the boy fell on his way to Sam & Joe’s(no more than 5 words)
What does”a tidy sum”mean in Paragraph 1?(no more than 5 words)
What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?(no more than 5 words)
What did the boy do while reading?(no more than 5 words)
Where was the boy’s”personal heaven”?(no more than 9 words)
［1］When children go to camp, they are on their own, sometimes for the very first time in their lives. They have to decide what to wear, what to eat and which activities to participate in. As a result they develop confidence and independence.
［2］As self-respect develops from learning to be on their own, children continue to try new activities. Also it is possible that they will engage in what they are unfamiliar with. In school, children do not experience success in the same way. Camp can be a school without failure because just having fun makes them a success.
［3］One of the greatest benefits of a camp experience is that children develop social skills. In a camp setting, a good counselor will make sure that every camper is included in the activity and that each child interacts with the others in a positive way. They learn to give and take, and they learn how to work and cooperate. Something as simple as clean-up, is not only there to get the cabin clean, but to promote a team atmosphere of working together which in turn results in friendship.
［4］The obvious benefit of camp is that campers make long lasting friendships. These friendships can often be unique and special because campers are living with each other and see the true personalities. Chi1dren learn to see others from a different viewpoint. Children tend to be accepted for who they are and do not have to be concerned about what they wear, what they are good at and how they look. This is because in a camp setting, respect and caring finally win out over materialistic objectives.
［5］In a word, camp does give children fun, friends and fulfillment.What will children get from camp? (No more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________The underlined phrase “on their own” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by______. (No more than 1 word)
_______________________________________________________________________________According to Paragraph 2, what makes camp different from a school? (No more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (No more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________According to Paragraph 4, in a camp, why are children not concerned about what they wear or how they look? (No more than l5 words)
In my dual（双重的） profession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS. The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life．They have taught me so many things，but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages．Let me tell you about Tyler．
Tyler was born infected with HIV；his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications（药物） to enable him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube surgicallyinserted in a vein in his chest. This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back．Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing．
Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard，wearing his medicine－laden backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon. All of us who knew Tyler marveled at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard，she could quickly spot him．
This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler．He grew quite ill and，unfortunately，so did his HIV－infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn't going to survive，Tyler's mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too，and that s he would be with him soon in heaven．
A few days before his death，Tyler beckoned10) me over to his hospital bed and whispered，“I might die soon．I'm not scared．When I die，please dress me in red．Mom promised she's coming to heaven，too．I'll be playing when she gets there，and I want to make sure she can find me．”What’s the profession of the writer? (no more than 8 words.)
Why did Tyler carry a small backpack on his back? (no more than 13 words)
Why did Tyler’s mother want to dress Tyler in red? (no more than 14 words)
Try to use at least three words to describe Tyler’s personality. (no more than 4 words)
阅读表达,阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California, his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl. So in the middle of the night, his mother called a lawyer named Paul Jobs and said, “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” But his mother told his future parents to promise that they would send Jobs to college. After Steve Jobs graduated from high school, he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends’ rooms. At 20, he and a friend(Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1, 1976. Jobs named their company－Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard (果园) in Oregon.
After 10 years of hard time and failures, starting from two kids working in a garage, Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4000 employees.
At 30, Jobs, however, was fired from the company he co-founded. But after he had to leave the company, Apple was under heavy pressure from rival－Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses. Apple needed Steve Jobs and he was appointed as Apple’ CEO in1997. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability introducing new products such as the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad.
Steve Jobs once said, “Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick, Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking.”What did Steve Jobs’ mother do after he was born? (No more than 10 words)
Why did Jobs name their company－Apple? (No more than 15 words)
How did Jobs help Apple return to profitability? (No more than 10 words)
What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase “drop out” in Paragraph 1? ( No more than 2 words)
Do you agree with what Jobs said in the last Paragraph? Give reasons in your own words.( No more than 20 words)
Everyone has got two personalities – the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn, but you aren’t very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You’re usually careful and confident. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t get depressed. You always say what you think even if it makes other people angry.
（253 words） According to the author, what shows your secret and real personality?
_________________________________________ （within 8 words） （2 marks）How many kinds of secret personalities are mentioned in the passage?
_________________________________________ （only one word） （2 marks）How will a person who doesn’t want to make friends with others sleep?
_________________________________________ （within 5 words） （3 marks）Mark usually goes to sleep on one side, then he will change his sleeping positions in the sleep, what kind of personality may he have?
________________________________________ （within 10 words） （3 marks）
Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children's development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth's psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.
Research from Telama （2006） states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth （ages nine to eighteen） increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté （2002） defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment （e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone's backyard）. When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. （whether they win or lose） than with the behavior. （having fun）.
On the other hand, Ericsson （1993） suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.
（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）
| 1． |
Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport? |
| 2． |
If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to |
| 3． |
In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment? |
| 4． |
In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at |
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. “Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______.（within 3 words）
What was the purpose of Goldman's invention? （within 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________ Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （within 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________ Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （within 10 words）
_____________________________________________________________________ What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
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