Society is a web of relationships, requiring all parties(群体) to work together to create something good. What makes society work best are effective(有效的) relationships that are based on mutual(相互的) understanding. If you understand what people want and why they want it, you can usually find a way to make progress together.
High-quality relationships make people happy. Some people living in the poorest communities have almost nothing but turn out to be the happiest because they share a life, together. If effective relationships are working, happiness is always possible.
Here are some simple tips for building effective relationships.
Listen to and try to understand others' positions and feelings. Listening in itself can lead to understanding, and if you understand someone else fully, then you know how to work better with him or her.
Openly express your needs and feeling. Sometimes we expect people particularly those close to us at home or work to understand what we want and to give us what we need intuitively (凭直 觉地). However, people are so complicated and so different that even when they have lived together for 60 years, they can still surprise each other. So we need to say what we need and to express how we feel.
In order to make our relationships more effective, we should treat ourselves and other people with respect. Respect is one of the most important elements of any good relationship.
Finally, learn to face differences correctly. Learning this takes time and can be uncomfortable. However, if we can try to remove differences in an effective way, we are more likely to build exciting and satisfying relationships with others.
By doing these things you may discover that the happiness you long for is much closer than you thought.
Title:
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| Make society Help people find a way to Make people happy because of their |
Understand other’s positions and feelings by Try to express your needs and feelings Treat yourself and others Learn to face the |
Scientists, doctors and mental health professionals have been studying the connection between colors and mood for years. Many now believe that colors can not only bring about emotional reactions, but can also correct mood. Colors behave in three basic ways: active, passive and neutral (中和的).
Active colors are warm colors, including yellow, orange and red. These colors bring confidence. Warm colors can also bring cheerful attitudes. Yellows and golden colors work well in offices, kitchens and study areas. Reds heat up a room. Passive colors or cool colors make people calm, quiet and satisfied. Bedrooms, private areas and bathrooms are great places for blues and greens. Beige, gray and white are thought of as neutral colors. They help to put the focus on other colors or serve to tone down colors that might otherwise be overpowering on their own.
You can easily change the look or feel of a room by making good use of different colors. Mixing and matching colors is an excellent way to balance color and emotion, and provide a welcoming feel for guests.
To create a feeling of warmth and comfort in a room, use bright, warm colors like yellow, orange and red. These colors are good choices for rooms that appear cool due to limited sunlight. Yellow adds cheerfulness to dull rooms. You can add yellows to rooms which are not closely related to happy thoughts, such as kitchens and laundry room. In rooms where there's plenty of sunshine, cool colors can provide a calming environment. Sage greens and sky blues are perfect for bedrooms, playrooms and activity areas. Neutral colors, such as pale gray, white and beige, send a peaceful message to your brain. It's not a coincidence that most doctor's offices, coffee shops and mental health centers are decorated in neutrals.
To make your wall color choices better, pick out furniture that will provide a visual contrast. Cool colors make a room seem larger than it is and warm colors make rooms feel smaller.
Title: The ____________ between colors and mood
| Commonly believed effects of colors |
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| active colors ●bringing |
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| passive colors ●making people calm, quiet and bringing people more |
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| neutral colors ●helping to put the focus on other colors or tone down |
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| ●using bright, warm colors to make a ●using cool colors to create a calming environment in a bright room ●using |
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| Tips on picking out furniture |
Picking out furniture that will give a visual contrast to |
阅读下面的短文，请根据文后的要求答题（注意问题后的词数要求）
Michelle and Barney Wanstall rode off into the Lake District sunshine yesterday with no trouble at all.
They were the first customers to try a new electric bicycle hire service aimed at tourists who want the fun of cycling without pain. “We wanted to go on a boat when we first got here,” explained Mr. Wanstall, a student. “But we saw these bikes and decided to hire them instead.”
Brian Eaton, owner of Easyriders, which has a dozen bicycles for hire by the side of the lake near Coniston village, smiled as Michelle looked anxiously at Coniston Old Man, the mountain that towers over the village.
“We do quite a lot of cycling at home,” said Michelle. “But with mountains everywhere, it’ll be easier if we _______________________. And it’s only £18 each for a day’s easy riding and the chance to enjoy some of the finest co
untryside in Britain!”
The motorized bicycles helped the couple as soon as they began to pedal; they would have needed to use twice as much energy with a normal bicycle. The bicycles are very safe; they cannot go faster than 15 mph and t
he special tyres cannot be punctured. “It’s easy riding,” said Mr. Eaton. “There are a lot of people fancy cycling, but are not as fit as they used to be!”
Riders are provided with helmets, maps, routes and suggestions for picnics and places to stay. Most electric bicycles are sold in Japan. However, Mr. Eaton thought they would be popular with tourists in the Lake District. “As far as I know, these are the only motorized bicycles for hire in the country,” he said. “If the idea is successful, I’ll set up other hire centres around Britain.”
1. This passage is mainly about ______________________________________. (within 10 words)
2. What are the two wa
ys of going on a tour in the Lake District according to the passage? (within 8 words)
①___________________ ②___________________
3. Finish the following sentence according to the passage. (within 8 words together)
With an electric bicycle, they needed only _____________________________ with a normal bicycle.
4. What do the underlined words “the mountain” refer to? (within 5 words)
____________________________________________________
5. Fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph. (within 7 words)
________________________________________
_____________
Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
On November 2nd San Francisco became the first major US city to pass a law on controlling give-away toys with unhealthy restaurant meals marketed at kids.______law will take effect on December 1， 2011. It is required that kids’ meals
meet certain nutritional standards they can be sold with free toys.
McDonald’s officials were angry with the decision， effectively bans their popular Happy Meals.
But supporters say aims to promote healthy habits while combating child obesity(肥胖). “This is a challenge to the restaurant industry to think about children’s health first，” said San Francisco Supervisor Eric Mar.
About 15 percent of American are overweight or obese， which puts them
risk of developing heart disease， cancer， etc. In some states， the childhood obesity rate is over 30 percent.
McDonald’s started to sell the Happy Meals in 1979 with toys. In 2006， fast-food companies spent more than $520 million on advertising and toys to promote meals children， according to the US government.
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
It’s necessary to use different ways to communicate for different purposes. Study, made by Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in New York, has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in e-mails.
Hancock made an investigation by asking 30 students to keep a communication diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or e-mail exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14% of e-mails, 21% of instant messages, 27% of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37% of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conferences on human computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists.
Hancock says it is very important and effective whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know that they will be responsible for what they have said in the conversation. This is why fewer lies appear in e-mail than on the phone.
People are even more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call. Many lies are sudden or immediate responses to demands that they don’t expect.”
Hancock hopes his research will help many a company work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for selling their products where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is regarded as more important than others, might be best done using e-mail.
| Hancock’s study on people |
|
| |
Lies |
| Reasons why people lie or don’t |
●People won’t lie when their ●People lie in real time mostly because they have to answer |
| Benefits that |
●Using telephones for ●Using e-mails for work assessment because their employees must say what they have done |
| Inference from the study |
Suitable media should be chosen for different |
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的空格内填入最恰当的单词. 每空格1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。
A scientist once said that studying the stars from the earth is something like looking up at the sky from the bottom of a swimming pool. Even on the clearest night the earth’s dense atmosphere will dim stars in the sky as it screens out (遮挡) 30 percent of their light. Air turbulence (湍流) causes stars to winkle. Through a telescope, the stars seem to jump around dizzily.
Because the moon has no atmosphere, astronomers are looking forward to setting up an observatory there. On the moon, there will be no clouds to obscure the view. The sky will appear dark at all times, so astronomers can work twenty-four hours a day. Because there is not air turbulence, the stars will steady through a telescope.
Because the moon is relatively near the earth, moon-based astronomers will see the stars in familiar patterns known on earth. They will not need new star maps of the sky. Stars seen from the moon will appear to move very slowly. Because the earth rotates (自转) on its axis once every twenty-four hours, earth-based astronomers see the stars hurry across the sky each night. The moon rotates on its axis only once a month. To astronomers on the moon, the stars will appear to stand almost still. Moon-based astronomers will have much more time to focus their telescopes and take time ---exposure photographs.
On the earth, man-made radio noises jam the airwaves and interfere with the reception of radio signals from certain stars. A radio telescope located on the far side of the moon will be permanently protected from such interference.
It won’t be easy to put telescopes on the moon. However, astronomers are certain the job can be done. They are convinced that the moon is an ideal place to set up an observatory.
Title : The Reasons for establishing an observatory on the moon
| Main Comparison |
Context |
| Different |
There is very |
| On the earth, air turbulence causes stars to twinkle like |
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| Different |
On the moon, the sky will seem to be in |
| Because of clouds, there is a |
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| Different |
Earth-based astronomers see stars move very |
| Stars are seen on the moon to move at a very low |
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| In contrast |
The moon is |
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空限填1个单词。
The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
The Invention of the Garden City
| Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) |
was___1____ for the invention of the garden city; immigrated from England to the US; ___2____ in his attempt to make a living ; moved to Chicago and saw the city being ___3___; took ___4___ of the popular ideas and created a unique combination of designs. |
| The ___5___ of the 19th century city and countryside |
City: Though a terrible place, the city had economic and social opportunities to ___6___. Countryside: Fresh___7___ the air there was, job opportunities were inadequate, let alone social life. |
| Howard’s idea of a garden city |
A garden city would be built in the countryside where the land wasn’t ___8___; ___9___ a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries, garden cities would be surrounded by a green belt; As the garden city reached the planned belt, another would be started a short distance away, a transportation system connecting it to the others ___10___. |
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。
Making new friends means _______（put） yourself out on a limb and asking others not only to accept you, but to like you and want to be around you as well. ____
____(fortunate)， there is no magical solution ___
___ this part of the process, so if you want to make friends, take a deep breath and jump right in!
_____ first step to making new friends is figuring out what is holding you back. A lot of times people _
____ are interested in making new friends don’t know why they don’t have them already. They can’t see that _
____ own actions are working against them.
Once you can identify(确认，确定) what is keeping you from making new friends, you need to work through these concerns. This can be painful ______ you will need to put yourself outside of your comfort zones to see any real differences.
The next step is to shine in these social settings so that others will leave with a positive _______ (impress). If you find social situations hard, just rely on a few simple rules.
When you feel _______ (confidence) that you’ve made some great new friends, get out there and celebrate with them! No matter ____
____ you decide to do, the important thing is to celebrate your new friends and hopefully continue cultivating more.
In a fast changing world, people seldom see a device or equipment that lasts for a long time these days. There are always new inventions, different models, or upgrades cropping up one after the other and as consumers people highly anticipate the faster and better kind than what they already have. Therefore it is quite a surprise that a mini projector (投影仪) is still in use today not only in small scale businesses, schools, or homes but in big corporations and institutions as well. Sure it has a few additional features（特征）here and there but the main function is the same.
A mini projector today has been fitted with top of the line parts and high quality materials to ensure its efficiency and performance can meet the demands of whoever it is for. It is so designed that it can be used indoors or outdoors with the same functions. The mini projector, as the name suggests, is handy and compact and can easily be brought anywhere by just one person. It can support a broader scope of signals now; USB and card readers are now installed（安装） to cope with the pieces of equipment that people use today to store data.
It can be used at home where it can provide as a form of entertainment or start a conversation during family reunion times. It makes it possible for family members to share with others the photos and videos of one particular vacation, or just to play a series of beautiful landscapes.
Offices also benefit from a mini projector especially during an important meeting or presentation. With at par resolution(标准的分辨率), employees can easily decipher(辨认) the text or data with the use of a mini projector, its bright LED light is sufficient enough to provide a bright and clear image without distortion(变形). Users can now bring this anywhere with them and can be especially useful on a location where the voltage(电压) is unknown.
Perhaps one of the more common places where a mini projector is used constantly is in schools. Teachers or professors use this as an aid to a lesson or discussion to provide better visual aids than usual and to even give their lectures with the use of a mini projector and minimize the use of a board and writing pen. It is often said that children have a very short attention span but they remember things more when things are presented to them visually. This is the perfect use of a mini projector in classrooms where kids easily forget their lesson for the day. Teachers use this to show the class pictures or explanations that tie with the topics for students to remember.
| Title |
The mini projector and its uses |
| Topic |
|
| New |
◆It works efficiently and can meet the specific demands of its ◆ ◆Handy and compact, it’s easy for a single person to carry wherever he likes. ◆It ◆It can be used to store data with USB and card readers |
| The of a mini projector |
◆A mini projector makes family times more interesting, ◆With a mini projector, employees have little ◆Aided by a mini projector, teachers and professors can present a lesson or discussion visually, which will help students achieve |
Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
| A. recently B. affects C. pattern D. varied E. floats F. warm G. regularly H. mysterious I. effect J. evidence |
Big climate changes in the last million years might have come from something very small: dust from outer space.
Earth changes between ice ages and warm periods in a(n) ____ that includes several cycles, including a __
_ one that lasts 100,000 years. Scientists __
__suggested this cycle might be due to changes in the inflow of cosmic(宇宙) dust.
The idea is that Earth ___above and below the imaginary plane that runs through the sun and Jupiter(木星), completing a cycle every 100,000 years. So maybe it encounters __
_varying amounts of dust during each cycle that produce the climate trend.
Now there is some ____, from ancient cosmic dust recovered in ocean-floor drilling near the Azores islands west of Portugal. The large quantity of the dust rises and falls with a wonderful 100,000 year cycle during the period analyzed, 253,000 years to 458,000 years ago. Periods of more dust are related to__
__ climates.
But that is a long way from showing that the dust ____ climate. Some scientists argue that it is not clear how cosmic dust would make the climate warmer while dust from volcanoes is known to make it cooler. They say the cosmic dust is so thin that it is hard to see how it could have any climate__
__.
Nevertheless, the new study shows scientists have to take the cosmic dust idea seriously.
With its fascinating and artistic accompanying music, singing and costumes, the Peking Opera is China’s national opera. Full of Chinese cultural facts, the opera presents the audience with an encyclopedia（百科全书）of Chinese culture, as well as developing stories, beautiful paintings, magnificent costumes, graceful gestures and martial arts. Since Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation than other local operas, almost every province in China has more than one Peking Opera troupe. Opera is so popular among Chinese people, especially seniors, that even “Peking Opera Month” has been declared.
Peking Opera’s main tune originated from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei and, over time, techniques from many other local operas were incorporated into Peking Opera.
It is believed that Peking Opera gradually came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing. Peking Opera experienced fast development during the period of Emperor Qianlong and the infamous Empress Cixi, eventually becoming more accessible to the common people.
In ancient times, Peking Opera was performed mostly on stage in the open air, teahouses or temple courtyards. Since the orchestra played loudly, the performers developed a sharp style of singing. The costumes were a gorgeous collection of sharply contrasting colors to stand out on the stage lighted only by oil lamps. Peking Opera is a harmonious combination of the Grand Opera, ballet and acrobatics （杂技），consisting of dance, dialogue and martial arts.
The Peking Opera band mainly consists of an orchestra and percussion（打击乐器）band. The former frequently accompanies peaceful scenes while the latter provides the right atmosphere for battle scenes. The orchestral instruments include the Erhu, Huqin, Yueqin, Sheng, Pipa and other instruments. The band usually sits on the left side of the stage.
Title:
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More than 200 years long |
||
|
It came into being after 1790 when the four |
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Its main tune |
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| Its techniques adopted many other local operas. |
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| Artistic |
A harmonious combination of the Grand Opera, ballet and acrobatics, consisting of dance, dialogue and |
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| Mostly performed on stage in the open air, teahouses or temple courtyards |
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| The costumes looks luxury and brilliant. |
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| The Peking Opera band |
An orchestra |
Atmosphere |
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| Peaceful scenes |
Erhu, Huqin, Yueqin, Sheng, Pipa and so on. |
||
| A percussion |
Battle scenes |
Not mentioned |
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| Influence |
Well-received by Chinese people, especially |
[1]Everyone makes mistakes. How do you react when a family member, friend, or a classmate makes a mistake? Some of us may shout out , complain, or punish. Unfortunately, these reactions to mistakes sometimes greatly hurt both sides. In fact, there is a better way to deal with a mistake.
[2]Reframe（重组） "MISTAKE": Change "MISTAKE" into "MIS-TAKE." Doesn’t that have a different feeling? Therefore, a mistake is not so bad as expected. We can learn from it and it is likely to lead to success in the end.
[3]Use mistakes as an opportunity for learning. Most of us want to hide our mistakes, but we may be more willing to share our "MIS-TAKES" and let others learn from them. Either an individual or a family can benefit by openly recognizing and correcting mistakes, rather than pretending that they didn’t happen. In fact, a mistake, if corrected quickly and in a creative way, can become for learning.
[4]Think of mistakes as opportunities to prove yourself. A mistake becomes an opportunity to create a close friend or customer. For example, in business, studies show that one of the things all customers want is recovery when the organization has made a mistake. They want us to apologize sincerely. With creative thinking, we can make them satisfied with the way we deal with a mistake.
[5] We have learned to allow people around us to make mistakes. Now give them “protection” when they make a mistake. If you give people both permission and protection, you will get along well with them. Show them how they can turn a mistake into learning something about themselves so they don’t make the same mistake again.
1. What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 10 words)
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
4. Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
If we think creatively, we are able to make people feel pleased with the way in which a mistake is .
5. Why should you show people how to turn a mistake into learning something about themselves? (no more than 12 words)
阅读下面短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题纸上。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
One night, Mrs. Riley was walking along a dark street. She was carrying her handbag in one and a plastic carrier bag in the other. There was
else in the street except two youths. They were standing in a dark shop doorway. One of them was very tall with fair hair; the other was short and fat with a beard and moustache.
The youths waited a few moments, and then ran quickly and quietly towards Mrs. Riley. The tall youth held her from
while the other youth tried to snatch her handbag.
Suddenly, Mrs. Riley (throw) the tall youth over her shoulder. He crashed into the other youth and they
landed on the ground. Without
(speak), Mrs. Riley hit both of them on the head with her handbag, and walked calmly
.
The two (surprise) youths were still sitting on the ground when Mrs. Riley crossed the
towards a door with a lighted sign above it. Mrs. Riley paused, turned round, smiled at the youths and walked into the South West London Judo Club.
If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing(翻来覆去) and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.
Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”
So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.
Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 5 words)
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.
Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)
Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find an argument from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 15 words)
Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smith: Mary, have you got the result of the exam?
Mary: No. How is it?
Smith: Terrible. It seems that only half of the students passed the final exam.
Mary: Really? The exam _ been very difficultthis time.
Smith: Well, I’m really (surprise) too. There are many students who definitely didn’t fail. According to Carl, there are eight boys in his class who failed,
(include) himself and Gorge.
Mary: Oh! Gorge is of the top students in the college. What about his sister, Catherine? Did she pass?
Smith: Oh, yes. It seems that she (get) good marks.
Mary: That’s (absolute) unbelievable! Gorge was
much better student than his sister, and has been working so hard for the last few months.
Smith: It seems (fair), doesn’t it? But, from
I’ve heard, perhaps he worked too hard. He was ill during the week of the exam.
Mary: Oh, I see. These things happen, sometimes. I suppose the teacher will take his illness into account and give him a pass.
Smith: Well, there is a rumor going around the head of the Department is leaving.
Mary: Because of the bad result, you mean?
Smith: Well, I suppose so. I’m not sure. Maybe Mr. Dustin is going to be the new Department Head.
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