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The back-to-school season is upon us, and once again, parents across the country have loaded their kids’ backpacks up with snack packs and school supplies. It’s a good moment to reflect on what else we should be giving our kids as they head off to school.
American parents are feeling particularly anxious about that question this year. The educational process feels more than ever like a race, one that starts in pre-school and doesn’t end until your child is admitted to the perfect college. Most parents are more worried than they need to be about their children’s grades, test scores and IQ. And what we don’t think about enough is how to help our children build their character—how to help them develop skills like perseverance, optimism, responsibility, and self-control, which together do more to determine success than S.A.T. scores or I.Q.
There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our children’s school performance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills. If you’re concerned only with a child’s G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the child faces in school. With real challenge comes the risk of real failure. And in a competitive academic environment, the idea of failure can be very scary, to students and parents alike.
But experiencing failure is a critical part of building character. Recent research by a team of psychologists found that adults who had experienced little or no failure growing up were actually less happy and confident than those who had experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood. “Overcoming those obstacles,” the researchers assumed, “could teach effective coping skills, help engage social support networks, create a sense of mastery over past adversity, and foster beliefs in the ability to cope successfully in the future.”
By contrast, when we protect our children from every possible failure—when we call their teachers to get an extension on a paper; when we urge them to choose only those subjects they’re good at—we are denying them those same character-building experiences. As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and don’t know how to overcome them.
In the classroom and outside of it, American parents need to encourage children to take chances, to challenge themselves, to risk failure. In the meantime, giving our kids room to fail may be one of the best ways we can help them succeed.

Back to School: Why Perseverance Is More Important than Good Grades?
Common phenomena
☺Parents throughout America    their kids’ backpacks up with snacks and school supplies.
☺Many American parents don’t   enough importance to their kids’ character building.
The writer’s
Parents should pay more attention to their kids’ character building.
Evidence and      findings
☺Parents’ anxiety about their kids’ performance may             them from learning some valuable skills.
☺Parents concerned only with a kid’s G.P.A. have a   to minimize the challenges the child faces.
☺Adults who have experienced a few significant setbacks in childhood are    and more confident than those who haven’t.
☺Denying kids character-building experiences can   in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.
The writer’s suggestions
   kids to be risk-takers.
☺Give kids room to experience   .

 

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【2015·江苏】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

What news stories do you read?
Division of
news stories
● People expect to get from reading news.
● News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.
of
the two classes
● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual .
● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories andsimilar feelings with those involved.
●  News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present ato them.
●  News of delayed reward will induce the reader to for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to from the reality.
Unstable boundaries
of the two classes
●  What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their .
●  Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories andthemselves to the reality.
●  Thus, the division, on the whole, on the reader.

 

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Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village,  but this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way.
How should we behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eye. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact () at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries, eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect.
Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn't wear. In Korea, you should takeoff your shoes when entering a house. Remember to place them neatly together where you came in.
In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is a time to relax, and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.
In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. You should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language. In China, you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.

Title: Good ______
Aspect
Country
Custom
______
·America
·Japan
·______
·Shaking hands firmly
·______to show respect
·Pressing both hands together at the chest
Dressing
·Korea
·Taking off your shoes at the ______
Eating
·Spain
·Mexico
·_ _____
·Having a light breakfast and a late dinner
·Relaxing while having ______
·Holding a business meeting over breakfast
Doing business
·Most countries
·China
·Exchanging business card when _ _____
yourself
·Presenting a card to a person _ _____ its front facing him
Conclusion: When travelling_ _____, we should follow local customs.
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Population Change

Why is the world's population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20 thcentury, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21 st.

Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since80% of the world's people now live in such nations), but you'd be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.

A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.

Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%,Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don't bend. Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.

In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India's working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.

One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.

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来源:2017年全国统一高考英语试卷(江苏卷)
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Simon Sinek is naturally shy and doesn’t like speaking to crowds. At parties, he says he hides alone in the corner or doesn’t even show up in the first place. He prefers the latter. Yet, with some 22 million video views under his belt, the optimistic ethnographer also happens to be the third most-watched TED Talks presenter of all time.
Sinek’s unlikely success as both an inspirational speaker and a bestselling author isn’t just dumb luck. It’s the result of fears faced and erased, trial and error and tireless practice, on and off stage. Here are his secrets for delivering speeches that inspire, inform and entertain.
Don’t talk right away.
Sinek says you should never talk as you walk out on stage. “A lot of people start talking right away, and it’s out of nerves,” Sinek says. “That communicates a little bit of insecurity and fear.”
Instead, quietly walk out on stage. Then take a deep breath, find your place, wait a few seconds and begin. “I know it sounds long and tedious and it feels excruciatingly awkward when you do it,” Sinek says, “but it shows the audience you’re totally confident and in charge of the situation.”
Show up to give, not to take.
Often people give presentations to sell products or ideas, to get people to follow them on social media, buy their books or even just to like them. Sinek calls these kinds of speakers “takers,” and he says audiences can see through these people right away. And, when they do, they disengage.
“We are highly social animals,” says Sinek. “Even at a distance on stage, we can tell if you’re a giver or a taker, and people are more likely to trust a giver — a speaker that gives them value, that teaches them something new, that inspires them — than a taker.”
Speak unusually slowly.
When you get nervous, it’s not just your heart beat that quickens. Your words also tend to speed up. Luckily Sinek says audiences are more patient and forgiving than we know.
“They want you to succeed up there, but the more you rush, the more you turn them off,” he says. “If you just go quiet for a moment and take a long, deep breath, they’ll wait for you. It’s kind of amazing.”
Turn nervousness into excitement.
Sinek learned this trick from watching the Olympics. A few years ago he noticed that reporters interviewing Olympic athletes before and after competing were all asking the same question. “Were you nervous?” And all of the athletes gave the same answer: “No, I was excited.” These competitors were taking the body’s signs of nervousness — clammy hands, pounding heart and tense nerves — and reinterpreting them as side effects of excitement and exhilaration.
When you’re up on stage you will likely go through the same thing. That’s when Sinek says you should say to yourself out loud, “I’m not nervous, I’m excited!”
Say thank you when you’re done.
Applause is a gift, and when you receive a gift, it’s only right to express how grateful you are for it. This is why Sinek always closes out his presentations with these two simple yet powerful words: thank you.
“They gave you their time, and they’re giving you their applause.” Says Sinek. “That’s a gift, and you have to be grateful.”

Passage outline
Supporting details
to Simon Sinek
●He is byshy and dislikes making speeches in public.
●Through hiseffort, he enjoys great success in giving speeches.
Tips  on  delivering speeches
●Avoid talking for it indicates you’re nervous.
●Keep calm and wait a few seconds before talking, which will create an that you are confident.
●Try to be a giver rather than a taker because inwith a taker, a giver can get more popular and accepted.
●Teach audience something new that they canfrom.
●Speak a bit slowly just to help you stay calm.
●Never speed up while speaking in case youthe audience.
●Switch nervousness to excitement by the example of Olympic athletes.
●Express yourto the audience for their time and applause to conclude your speech.
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任务型读写(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
Self-motivation is a great way for doing things better in life. Exercising not only helps you to stay fit, but also freshens up your body from within. Despite being aware of the benefits of exercise, people fail to put it in their lives, because their motivation is very limited.
An optimistic attitude will not only help you to try continuously, but also make sure you fight all possible difficulties easily. On the other hand, a pessimistic attitude will show you only the bad in what you want to do, stopping your will to try at the very beginning.
To be determined about something takes a lot of courage. It’s very easy to give up and everyone can do it. To continuously keep at it, putting in the same efforts all the time, takes courage. Be determined to lose weight. Tell yourself you have to do it.
If your role model has been in your mind, then you are very likely to follow him or her. So why not follow the path by which they have got an envious figure?
Always feel good about where you work out. This way you will be regular with your workout schedule, gradually noticing the positive effects it has on you. This makes sure that you think your surroundings positively in your mind and that your probability of visiting it increases.
Every time you lose a decided number of pounds, congratulate yourself, relax your muscles or shop for relaxation.
If you have a fast-paced lifestyle, you won’t even realize when time flies by. By exercising regularly, you’re adding more years to your life. A long life is the best motivation, isn’t it?
Apart from all these things, you must set a goal and encourage all your energy towards achieving it. Last but not least, it’s very important that you enjoy what you are doing, whether it’s working out at the gym, or practicing yoga at home.

Title: How to motivate yourself to _______
introduction
People can’t insist on exercising in their lives because they don’t have _______ motivation.
Tips
●When you have an optimistic attitude, you can try continuously and have no difficulty ____ all possible difficulties.
●To lose weight, you should put in the same efforts all the time and _____ at it with courage.
●Choose a person who has got a perfect figure as your _____ and follow their path to exercise.
●Feeling good about where you work out has some _____ effects on you.
●Once you have _____ a certain number of pounds, you’d better congratulate yourself.
●For a long term, exercising regularly ______ that you’re adding more years to your life.
● ____ a goal is helpful for encouraging all your energy towards achieving it.
conclusion
Since exercise has so many ____, you’d better enjoy what you are doing, whether it’s working out at the gym, or practicing yoga at home.

 

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It is December thirty-first,2004,the time when the old year dies and the New Year is born.
Many Americans have parties at home and invite all their friends .Many of these events are noisy。People shout and sing. They often blow on small noisemakers when the New Year arrives at midnight. They kiss their husband or wife or the person they are with. They dance to music. Other Americans spend a quiet evening at home .They drink Champagne at midnight to welcome the New Year.
Some people drink too much alcohol at New Year’s Eve celebrations .This can lead to tragic results if a person drinks too much and then drives a car. The National Safety Council says hundreds of people die in road accidents during the holiday.
In recent years ,the danger of accidents has resulted in a new tradition called the “designated driver” One person among a group of friends drinks little or no alcohol during New Year’s Eve celebrations. Then this designated driver can safely drive the other people home. Many American cities also offer free taxi service on New Year’s Eve to take people home safely.
Other Americans observe the coming of the New Year at events without alcohol .More than 220 American cities hold these First Night celebrations. Artists in Boston Massachusetts started the tradition of First Night celebrations. In 1976.They wanted to observe the coming of a New Year. But they did not want to hold noisy drinking parties. So they organized, music, art and other events to observe the holiday.
How Americans Observe New Year’s Day

Ways to celebrate
Celebrations with alcohol
Celebrations without alcohol
_________
At home
At theatres or _______
Activities
Drinking parties with _______
   Attending music    ______ or art ___________
Making very _________
Kissing each other
Dancing to music
Main problems
Many deaths on the road ___________ drink-and-drive
None
Ways __________ the problem
Making arrangements for some people not ____ so as to drive others home safely
None
___ free taxi service to take people home safely

 

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Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus    F. modified

G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively   K. significant

Myopia, or short﹣sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out﹣of (1)    perception.

   Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically (2)    . But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80﹣90% of those completing high school are now short﹣sighted. This is up from 20﹣30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to(3)    change. In 2005, we (4)    reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight: such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.

   Fortunately, not all high (5)    locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed. North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.

   A common cutoff for high myopia is 5 diopters (屈光度). This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can't be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual (6)    and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.

Australia has (7)    low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not (8)    time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n)(9)    from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to (10)    myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects on progression suggest that it may.

来源:2019年全国统一高考英语试卷(上海卷)
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Once kids hit the teenage years, parenting becomes more difficult than ever. Establishing(建立)effective house rules is one of the best ways to educate teenagers. House rules must respect teenagers’ desire to be independent and make sure they behave responsibly.
How can effective house rules be established?
First of all, get your teenager to take part in making the rules, which can help keep them motivated to follow them. Ask their opinion about what sorts of things they think are important when creating the rules and try to include some of their ideas.
When creating the list of rules, don’t list every single rule imaginable. Instead, try to limit it to the ten most important rules. I’ve seen some parents come up with several pages of rules which turn out to be more like a rule book rather than a list. Remember, it is important to make the list easy to remember and to be a basic guide.
Then, it is important that you write out the list of rules and hang them in a prominent (显眼的) location. Keeping the rules on the refrigerator or displayed somewhere where everyone can see them is a good reminder. Revise the rules whenever there’s a need, not very frequently though.
Explain clearly in advance what negative result will be in store when a rule gets broken. But ensure that none of your results are equal to abusive parenting. For example, take off the rule that says — “if you don’t get home by 11 at night, make arrangements to stay elsewhere until morning”. Let helping with small household chores like cleaning up their own rooms serve as a result of breaking rules.
Follow these tips on establishing effective house rules accompanied by constant positive reinforcement (执行),and you will see the improvement in your teenager’s behavior. Hope you can direct your teenager to become a responsible and independent person with the help of house rules!

Title
Establishing house rules for ___________
Requirements for house rules
They must respect teenagers’ desire to be independent and make sure that teenagers have responsible___________.

 

 
__________ on establishing effective house rules
Trying to make the rules together ____________ teenagers.
Ask their opinions
Include their ideas
 
Keeping the house rules simple
Avoid___________ every single rule imaginable.
Limit the list to the most important rules.
Writing  out the list of rules and hanging them somewhere visible
____________ your teenager of the rules
Make the rules revised ____________ necessary.
___________ clearly the results
Don’t abuse children if they ___________ rules
Conclusion
Your teenager’s behavior will___________ with the help of effective house rules.
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阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ㅤXiao long bao(soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,(1)____(taste)soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one,you have to decide whether(2)____(bite)a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出),(3)____to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai maybe the (4)____(recognize)home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently﹣more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed (5)____hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them (6)____(lift)out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of (7)____(they)contents. The meat should be fresh with (8)____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot,clear and delicious.

ㅤNo matter where I buy them,one steamer is (9)____(rare)enough,yet two seems greedy,so I am always left (10)____ (want)more next time.

来源:2023年全国统一高考英语试卷(新高考Ⅰ卷)
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For thousands of years,people have told fables (寓言)(1)   (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well﹣known Aesop's fables date to the(2)   (six) century B.C.Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,(3)    Rachel Carson says in " A Fable for Tomorrow. "

Carson uses a simple,direct style common to fable.In fact,her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. "There was once a town in the heart of America,(4)   all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings," her fable begins,(5)   (borrow) some familiar words from many age ﹣ old fables.Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message (6)   (intend) for everyone.

(7)   (difference) from traditional fables,Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility(8)   saving their environment.

The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However,Carson's theme is a more weighty(9)   (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still (10)   (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.

来源:2023年全国统一高考英语试卷(全国甲卷)
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Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse 11 (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 (connect) things,your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream.

来源:2021年全国统一高考英语试卷(北京卷)
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After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other blanks use one word that best fits each blank.

Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa

   Nature is full of wonders. In (1)         is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (2)         they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.

   Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (3)         (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha,(4)         around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.

   The female turtles drag (5)         up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (6)         (deposit) in the warm sand.

   The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45 60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature, Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (7)         the females lay their eggs.

In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (8)         (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (9)         (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (10)

        using engine﹣powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.

来源:2019年全国统一高考英语试卷(上海卷)
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Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36   Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37   For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels" Spell out the hidden message "Meet me."

38   You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "Meet me" would read "13 5 20 13 5."

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example "bridge" might stand for "meet" and "out" might stand for "me." The message "bridge out" would actually mean "Meet me." 40    However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A.

It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B.

In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C.

Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D.

As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E.

You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F.

With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G.

Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

来源:2016年全国统一高考英语试卷(全国Ⅰ卷)
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Things You Should Insist on No Matter What People Say
Life can get pretty crazy at times.  Happiness is dependent upon ourselves,and there are some things in life you should always insist on doing,no matter what others have to say about it.Here is a list of some things you should always do.
1.Learn from your mistakes
No matter what people say,you will make mistakes in your life.Life is a learning process in itself.Some people will make you feel bad about your mistakes,or insult you for making them.   Accept your mistakes fully and really figure out what went wrong.
2.Embrace change and creativity
A popular proverb is,“You cannot solve a problem in the same state of consciences that created it.”    Change and creativity are vital in today’s world.Things are always changing,so why should we be any different?
3.Appreciate what you have
 This can take away from our happiness.Sometimes you just need to sit back and be happy about where your life is right now,and what you have to show for it. Sure people might tell you it’s not good enough,but don’t listen to them.It is good enough,and it gives you a sense of pride when you can enjoy the things you already have in life.
4.Listen to your heart
Sometimes you just need to follow your instincts and do what your heart tells you. There are some situations,like relationships,that rely more on your heart than on your head.People will surely tell you differently,but you should always insist on listening to what you want and feel. Again,you are the one who lives with your choices,and you are the one that has to live with the“what ifs.”  

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