初中英语教育文化类阅读阅读理解

In ancient China， it was common that the eldest son should look after the parents． But Confucius' elder brother was disabled， so Confucius （孔子） had to take care of his mother till she died in 535 BC． One of his teachings was that a person should feel or express great sadness for their parents' death for three years． The reason was that they looked after the child completely until it was three． Filial piety （孝道） is very important in Confucius' thought．

After he had finished mourning （守孝） for his mother， he began to teach and got followers around him． How many students did Confucius get？ We are not sure． It is believed that 72 of them were very famous． Some of his students came from poor families， others were from rich families． He thought everyone should have a right to receive education．

Confucius lived in a time of being unstable （不稳定的）， so many of his teachings were connected to social harmony （和谐）． He thought， in a family， parents should behave like parents， caring for the young， while children should behave like children， knowing how to look after the old． If such relationships are remained， a country will be peaceful and a family will be harmonious（和睦的）．

"Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself．"

"When one's parents are alive， one should not go far away．"

These sayings， together with many others， were beautifully written in Chinese ancient texts． They have been learned by Chinese people over the centuries．

（1）How long should a person mourn for his parents' death according to the passage？ 　　

（2）Did Confucius have only 72 students？ 　　

（3）What was Confucius' idea about receiving education？ 　　

（4）Why were many of his teachings connected to social harmony？ 　　

（5）Where were many of Confucius' sayings written？ 　　

If you are hungry， what do you do？ Have your favorite meal and stay quiet after that？ Just like your stomach， even your mind is hungry． But it never lets you know， because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover， favorite star and so on． If you always think of such meaningless things， your creativity （创造） will get a full stop．

In fact， hunger of the mind can be satisfied through reading． Now why reading but not watching TV？ Because reading is the most useful tool from the childhood． We can ask for help from reading． There are a large number of books in this world． They will answer most of your "How to？" questions． When you read a book， your mind will work on it and explain it to you．

The interesting part of the book is storedin your mind as a seed （种子）． Now this seed is used in your future to develop new ideas． If the same seed is used many times， it can help you connect a lot of things together． The more books you read， the more widely your mind will open up． This will also improve your speaking skills and increase your vocabulary （词汇）．

I had a problem in speaking English before． But as I read， I could improve it a lot． So friends， do follow me and give food for thought by reading， reading and more reading． Now what are you waiting for？ Go， find a book， and let me know．

（1）According to the writer， you can 　　if your mind is hungry．

A．	watch TV
B．	play games
C．	read books
D．	do sports

（2）The underlined word"stored"in the passage means 　　．

A．	kept
B．	told
C．	bought
D．	sold

（3）If you read more books， 　　．

A．	you will be hungrier
B．	your mind will be wider
C．	you will be richer
D．	your body will be stronger

（4）Which of the following is Right？ 　　

A．	The writer had a problem in writing English．
B．	Few books can answer"How to？"questions．
C．	Reading is the most useful tool only when people get old．
D．	Your creativity will stop if you always think of meaningless things．

（5）The best title of the passage is " 　　"．

A．	Feed your mind
B．	Choose right books
C．	Improve speaking skill
D．	Develop new ideas

Where were dominoes （多米诺骨牌） from？ Modern dominoes first showed up in Italy during the 18th century． But it is believed that the earliest dominoes were Chinese playing cards． Italian missionaries（传教士） in China may have brought the game to Europe． Do you think so？

Do you like to play with dominoes？ Dominoes are small rectangular （长方形的） pieces made of wood or plastic （塑料）． People can place dominoes in different shapes． Then， they push one domino down and the rest of the dominoes fall one by one． It is interesting to watch．

But placing dominoes is hard． To make sure the dominoes fall smoothly， the space between each domino is important． According to domino play．com， if a domino is about 4cm long， then the space between two dominoes should be 1﹣2 cm． If the space is too big， the dominoes will stop falling halfway． If the space is loo small， the dominoes will fall too quickly and won't look interesting．

Beginners can start by putting dominoes in a straight line． This is the easiest shape． Professional （专业的） players can place dominoes in many other shapes， including big circles， beautiful flowers and even famous paintings． In March， a US team broke the Guinness World Record （吉尼斯世界记录） for the most dominoes to fall in a circle． They used 250，000 dominoes! It is really unbelievable．

（1）Modem dominoes first appeared in 　　during the 18th century．

A．	China	B．
C．	Italy	D．
E．	the U．S．	F．
G．	the U．	H．

（2）Some dominoes are made of 　　．

A．	wood
B．	silk
C．	gold
D．	steel

（3）If a domino is about 4 cm long， the space between two dominoes may be 　　．

A．	less than 1 cm
B．	more than 2 cm
C．	about 1.5 cm
D．	about 4 cm

（4）It's interesting to watch dominoes falling 　　．

A．	halfway
B．	together
C．	too quickly
D．	one by one

（5）Dominoes are usually put in the shape of 　　by beginners．

A．	straight lines
B．	big circles
C．	beautiful flowers
D．	famous paintings

Once there was a man traveling in a faraway village．As he was passing the elephants，he suddenly stopped．He found that these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg．No chains，no cages．It was clear that the elephants could，at any time，break away from their ropes but for some reason，they did not．

He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didn't try to get away．'Well，'the trainer said，'when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and，at that rage，it's enough to hold them．As they grow up，they still believe they cannot break away．They believe the rope can hold them，so they never try to break free．'

How could it be？These animals could at any time break free from their ropes．But because they always stuck right where they were，they believed they couldn't．

Just like the elephants，how many of us go through life believing that we cannot do something，just because we failed at it once before？

    __________________．We should never give up the struggle in life．

根据材料内容选择正确答案．

（1）What did the writer see in the village？ 　　

A．	Chains
B．	Elephants
C．	Cages
D．	Farmers

（2）Why do the elephants never try up to break free from the ropes？ 　　

A．	Because they think they can not．
B．	Because they are too old to do it．
C．	Because they like their living places．
D．	Because they get on well with the trainer．

（3）How did the man feel after he heard what the trainer said？ 　　

A．	Moved
B．	Surprised
C．	Angry
D．	Nervous

（4）Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph？ 　　

A．	Failing is part of learning．
B．	We should be different from others．
C．	Helping animals is helping ourselves．
D．	Traveling always makes people relaxed．

（5）What is the best title for this test？ 　　

A．	Pleasant trip
B．	A Cruel Trainer
C．	Elephant Training
D．	The Elephant Rope．

Here is some advice to help you become good at a foreign language．

1．Spend the time!

The most important factor（要素）is how much time you spend with the language． The more time you spend， the faster you will learn． This doesn't mean sitting in class looking out of the windows， nor listening to other students who don't speak well． This means spending time on what you are learning﹣﹣and enjoying it．

2． ______？

Listen wherever you are． Read what you are listening to． Listen to and read things that you like， things that you can mostly understand， or even partly understand． If you keep listening and reading，you will get used to the language． One hour of listening or reading is more effective（有效的）than many hours of class time．

3．Focus on （关注）words and phrases！

Build up your vocabulary you'll need lots． Learn these words and phrases through your listening and reading． Read online， use online dictionaries， and make your own vocabulary lists for review． Soon you will see your new words and phrases elsewhere． Gradually（逐渐地），you will be able to use them．

4．Take responsibility for（对…负责任）your own learning!

Choose passages that you are interesting to you，that you want to listen to and read．Find the words and phrases that you need to understand your listening and reading．Discover the language by yourself，like a child growing up． Take when you feel like it．

5．Relax and enjoy yourself!

Do not worry about what you can't remember， or can't yet understand， or can't yet say． You are listening and improving． The language will gradually became clearer in your brain， but this will happen at a time that you cannot control．

（1）According to the writer， what does "Spend the time！"mean？

　　

（2）What is the second advice about becoming good at a foreign language？

　　

（3）How can we learn words and phrases？

　　

（4）Who can decide our learning， we ourselves or teachers？

　　

（5）If you can't yet say what you're learning． what are you advised to do？

　　

（6）What can you learn from this passage？

　　

Computers are widely used in the world．As students，we can not only use them to relax， but also study online．Do you have any online classes？It is possible to take classes at home．All you need is a computer and an earphone．

However， most students don't seem to like online classes．Recently，over 2000 students from 10 cties took part in a survey．According to the survey，only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes．

Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes．This was true for Li Jing.15，at No.1 High School．"There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me．I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to．It's harder to always stay focused， "she said．

Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention．She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers．Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes．

Tian Lishan，14，at No.7 High School thinks online interaction（互动） isn′t enough．"The online teachers don't really get to know me．When I don't hand in homework， all I get is a short message instead of real concern， "she said．

However， online classes still have advantages．"It saves time and money compared with taking of line classes．Also， if I don't understand some part of a lesson， I can watch it over again．"Li Jing said．

（1）In the survey， 　　students like taking online classes．

A．	about 500
B．	about 600
C．	about 700
D．	about 2000

（2）Taking online classes has the following advantages 　　．

①save time

②hard to focus

③enough interaction

④save money

⑤watch lessons over again

A．	①②④
B．	②③⑤
C．	①③④
D．	①④⑤

（3）The underlined word "concern" means" 　　"in the passage．

A．	care
B．	prize
C．	stress
D．	knowledge

（4）What can we learn about according to the passage？ 　　

A．	Tan Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing．
B．	Li Jing pushes herself to communicate with teachers in online classes．
C．	Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn′t enough．
D．	Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused．

（5）The passage is mainly about 　　．

A．	what the students think of online classes
B．	where the students take online classes
C．	why the students like taking online classes
D．	how the students take online classes at home

A 15﹣year﹣old student from Sichuan named Wei Fang was preparing a talk on Western festivals． She searched online for information and made a PowerPoint slide（幻灯片）． Zhu Hui her classmate． was doing his chemistry homework． But he couldn't work out the last problem even though he had tried his best．So he took out his smart phone opened a special app and searched for the problem． Solutions appeared on his screen after several seconds．

Like Wei and Zhu，nowadays ， many students do their homework with the help of the internet． They search for information online， or discuss with their classmates through QQ and WeChat．

"It's convenient． You don't have to wait for your teacher to explain it to you face to face． " According to Zhu． You can also learn by seeing how others work the problems out． What's more． it improves students' problem solving abilities． This is especially true for homework that requires some research work．"I am now quite skilled at finding information online， " Zhu added．

However． this trend （趋势） also causes problems． Some lazy students just copy the answers from the internet without thinking on their own． Some even let their classmates do their homework for them． And their teachers may not know this．

But knowing how to use the internet is important． The key is to have good self﹣control． When you meet a difficult problem，think about it by yourself first． Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the internet，or you won't make any progress． If you are not sure about your self﹣control，ask your parents for help．

（1）Both Wei Fang and Zhu Hui used the internet to 　　．

A．	play games
B．	search for information
C．	take exams
D．	chat with their classmates．

（2）Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the fourth paragraph？ 　　

A．	Some students only copy the answers from the internet．
B．	Some students let their classmates do homework for them．
C．	Nobody is able to finish their homework without the internet now．
D．	Some students have stopped thinking on their own．

（3）According to the passage， 　　is the key to using the internet to study．

A．	self﹣respect
B．	self﹣control
C．	self﹣confidence
D．	self﹣thinking

（4）By writing this passage． the writer wants to tell us that 　　．

A．	the internet can be a good helper if we use it properly
B．	the internet has made all students lazy
C．	it's not necessary to learn how to use the internet
D．	It's important to learn how to use the internet

Curiosity（好奇心） is part of human nature， Children are famous for wanting answers to thousands of questions． Books and TV shows often depend on curiosity． People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens． But curiosity also provides many advantages．

Learning is the easiest if you have a desire （愿望）for knowledge． Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question you want an answer to． Many of history's greatest discoveries were made by curious people． Thanks to their curiosity， people now know far more about the world and have useful technology to help them．

Even if you don' t plan to be an inventor or researcher，curiosity can still help you in the classroom．If you develop the joy of learning， classes will become more fun． And you'll be better because you will fully take part in the process of learning． Even if you're no longer a student， curiosity will make you get more information and then a better worker．

What do you do if you're not already curious？ Luckily， curiosity is a skill that can be improved． If you act like you're curious， you'll quickly start to actually feel curious．Often，the more you learn about a topic， the more interesting it becomes．

As you learn about a topic， collect information from as many sources（来源） as possible．Read different kinds of books， listen to talks and ask questions． Don't always get your information from the same source． Instead， learn to appreciate （欣赏）facts that different people know and the different opinions that they express． Ask a lot of questions． Remember， everyone knows something that you don't． Find out what that is， and ask about it． This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge．

In the classroom or out of it， developing curiosity is sure to be valuable．

（1）According to the passage， curiosity 　　．

A．	is the only part of human nature
B．	depends on books and TV shows
C．	can' t create the desire for answers
D．	may lead to many great discoveries

（2）Without curiosity， 　　．

A．	students may become less interested in classes
B．	people will know more about the world
C．	people can still become better workers
D．	students can't improve it again

（3）When you learn about a topic，you'd better 　　．

A． just learn from different people

B． argue with others

C． collect information from different sources

D． only read different kinds of books

（4）In the passage， curiosity is a 　　．

A．	new discovery
B．	natural ability
C．	great Invention
D．	famous creation

（5）What does the writer mainly want us to do after reading the passage？ 　　

A．	To make others happy．
B．	To show off our knowledge
C．	To develop our curiosity．
D．	To become an inventor or researcher．

It's easy to tell someone good news， but what about bad news？ Are there any good ways to give bad news without making people too upset？（1） 　　

●Say something good

Try to start the conversation with something good so that what you say is not all bad. For example，"I know you play soccer very well， but we only need one teammate." Or you may end the conversation with a promise."（2） 　　."

●（3） 　　

Use words to introduce what you' re going to say， like "I'm really sorry， but." or "I'm afraid I've got some bad news." This gives the listener time to prepare for what you will say.

●Try to give a reason

（4） 　　Try to explain the decision： if you have to cancel a trip with friends， can you explain why？

 ●Use a soft friendly voice

If you're giving someone bad news， try to use a soft friendly voice to make you sound kind.（5） 　　like "I'm really sorry. I know this must be disappointing."

A. Say things to show you understand B. People like to know why things go wrong C. The following ways might help D. Prepare your listener for the news E. I'm sure you will join us in the next game

Few students like homework， but it is an important part of middle school life in the UK．

The UK has these rules for homework： Grades 7 and 8（ages 11 to 13）： 45 to 90 minutes per day； Grade 9（ages 14 to 15）： 1 to 2 hours a day．

Today， many homework tasks are done on a computer． For example， preparing reports， using the Internet or doing online tasks． So schools are usually open before and after normal hours． In this way， students without computers or the Internet at home can use the schools' facilities（设备）．

Sometimes， students are given extendedlearning tasks． That means they need to do more research and analysis（分析）． But however big a task is， teachers always give feedback（反馈） to help students find the areas where they can improve．

Some schools send students home with home diaries． They advise parents to check on their children's progress． Sadly， not every parent takes much interest． In a survey of 1，000 students aged 1l to 18， over 10 percent said that they did not have space at home to do homework． Almost 15 percent said their families did not support them enough．

（1）In the UK ，which one of the following shouldn't do homework for more than 90 minutes？ 　　

A．	A student of 12．
B．	A girl of 14．
C．	A boy of 15．

（2）If a student doesn't have a computer or the Internet， how can he finish his online homework？ 　　

A．	He doesn't have to finish it．
B．	He can ask his teacher for help．
C．	He can finish it at school．

（3）The underlined word " extended" in Paragraph 4 probably means 　　．

A．	扩展的
B．	特别的
C．	困难的

（4）Why do some schools send students home with home diaries？ 　　

A．	To advise students to do their homework in time．
B．	To advise parents to learn more about their children's progress．
C．	To advise parents to help their children with their homework．

（5）Which part is the passage probably from in a newspaper？ 　　

A．	Education．
B．	Sports．
C．	Amusement．

"I will learn Chinese!" This idea jumped into my head． It was born of something deeper inside． The idea has changed my life completely． When other people asked me why， I often joked that I was inspired by the nice tank of goldfish in the Chinese restaurant my family frequented（频繁光顾） when I was young． In fact， I started studying it because I was always attracted to Chinese culture， and learning the language is the key to achieving my dream of travelling around China．

I was lucky for many reasons． Back in 2010， Chinese was not as popular with foreigners as it is today． However， my family lent me strong support from my first year abroad in China． Even if they cannot see me often and miss me so much， I still have their support． I was also very fortunate that a Confucius Institute opened． I will always thank for its excellent staff and all the great people I met there．

Ni hao! The word "hello" in Chinese was the first word I learned in my first Chinese class． After class I was filled with enthusiasm and couldn't stop thinking about "ni hao" and all the new words yet to come． Not only were many more words and phrases waiting， but also the experiences I never expected．

（1）What caused the writer to study Chinese？ 　　

A．	His sudden idea．
B．	His interest in Chinese culture．
C．	His family's influence on him．
D．	Chinese restaurant's goldfish tank．

（2）The writer's dream is to 　　．

A．	learn the Chinese language
B．	change his life completely
C．	open a Chinese restaurant
D．	travel around China

（3）What is paragraph 2 mainly about？ 　　

A．	The support which he has got．
B．	The reason for his study in China．
C．	The advantages of his Chinese learning．
D．	The difficulty he has in Studying Chinese．

（4）How did the writer feel about his first Chinese class？ 　　

A．	Satisfied．
B．	Disappointed．
C．	Excited．
D．	Worried．

Students in Kenya are returning for their third term． They begin their school year in January and it is broken up into three terms． In Kenya， in the past， students were not required to attend school and the education was not free， either．

I taugth math, English and physics at Chamasiri Secondary School whiel I was a teacher in Kenya. This school had four classrooms-one for each grade, Form 1, Form 2, Form 3 and Form 4. They are equivalent (对等) to our 9th ,10th ,11th, and 12th grade. Teachers traveled from classroom to classroom instead of the students going from room to room. The Form 1 class had 60 students, Form 2 had 45, Form 3 had 30, and Form 4 about 12 students. The class sizes became smaller as the grades continued on. Why did this happen? Many families were very poor and couldn't afford the school fees(学费).

Most countryside schools in Kenya did not have a lot of money． As a result， there were very few textbooks for the students to use． I had seven math texts for my Form 2 class and 14 for the Form I class． Anything the students needed to know was put up on the blackboard and the students copied it down into their notebooks， The notebooks became the students' textbooks．

Kenyan students study ten different subject areas． Some of the students spend over an hour running home．They do chores at home and hopefully manage to find some time to study before it gets dark． Most families do not have electricity and may not even have candies for their children to study by．

Luckily， Kenyan education has been becoming better and better in the past few years． I'm sure it will have a good future．

（1）Which grade does Form 3 refer to（指的是） in the writer's country？ 　　

A．	Grade 9．
B．	Grade 10．
C．	Grade 11．
D．	Grade 12．

（2）Why did the notebooks become the students' textbooks？ 　　

A．	The students did not pay the schools．
B．	The schools couldn't afford the textbooks．
C．	The students preferred to use their notebook．
D．	The teachers asked the students to take notes．

（3）Why do some students run home from school？ 　　

A．	They aren't allowed to stay at school．
B．	They don't like studying in the school．
C．	They hope to have more time to study．
D．	They want to get candles in the stores．

（4）According to the passage， which of the following is NOT TRUE？ 　　

A．	In Kenya， a school year has three terms．
B．	The Form I class had the most students．
C．	Each family has electricity in Kenya．
D．	Kenyan education has been improving．

Please Take my Children to Work Day（PTCW Day） first began as a holiday for hard﹣working and tired stay﹣at﹣home mothers to take a day off． Now， this day is fit for any parent． It was created in 2003 and is celebrated each year on June 25， but it isn't a public holiday． It encourages friends and family to take care of the children so that the stay﹣at﹣home parent can have some time to relax．

Kamehameha Day is held on June 11 each year． Kamehameha the Great was the monarch（君主） of Hawaii．He is famous and respected for establishing（建立） the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810．Kamehameha Day is a public holiday in Hawaii ，and this is a day off for people School and most businesses are closed．

D﹣Day is celebrated in the U．S． to memorize the Normandy landings in France on June 6，1944． On the day， American army and other Allied forces （盟军）fought hard and the World War Ⅱ（WWⅡ）in Europe was over soon． It is not a public holiday． Businesses have normal opening hours．

Flag Day is celebrated on June 14 each year to honor the United States flag．On the same day，the United States Army celebrates its birthday． Although Flag Day is a great celebration across the country， it is not a public holiday．

（1）If you are a stay﹣at﹣home parent， what can you do to relax on PTCW Day？ 　　

A．	Take a day off．
B．	Go to work earlier．
C．	Look after children．
D．	Do some housework．

（2）Which is a public holiday？ 　　

A．	PTCW Day．
B．	Kamehameha Day．
C．	D﹣Day．
D．	Flag Day．

（3）When is the United States Amy's birthday？ 　　

A．	On June 6．
B．	On June 11．
C．	On June 14．
D．	On June 25．

（4）What can we know about D﹣Day？ 　　

A．	It is celebrated in France．
B．	The WWⅡ ended before 1944．
C．	Businesses are closed for it．
D．	The Normandy landings happened in 1944．

My teacher said to a student： "Give me your phone．"

We all looked in surprise． Kyle， a student who I never saw text in class， gave the teacher his phone．

When the teacher left， two students who I often saw text in class started boastingabout how they sent text messages and never got caught．

"Kyle， you stupid! I put my phone under my desk so it looks like I'm looking at my textbooks，" one of them said．

"Isn't it funny that we always text and never get caught？" the other one laughed．

They must have thought they were smart， because they never got caught and Kyle did． But which situation is worse： getting caught， or getting away with it？ Rules are there for a reason．

These two students might not get caught， but neither of them had good grades． They didn't pay any attention to the class， and I think they will keep doing this．

People don't just break big rules and get thrown into jail（监狱） overnight． They take it one step at a time． Kyle might have gotten caught， but at least he learned a good lesson． He will not break the rules in the future， so he will learn more in class and stay out of trouble． It's smarter not to break small rules．

（1）Why did the teacher ask Kyle to give up his phone？ 　　

A．	Because she wanted to find out what Kyle just texted．
B．	Because Kyle was playing with his phone in class．
C．	Because the students wanted to see Kyle's new phone．

（2）What does the underlined word "boasting" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　　

A．	吹嘘
B．	讨论
C．	报告

（3）The two students in the writer's class felt quite 　　because they were never caught by the teacher．

A．	surprised
B．	calm
C．	proud

（4）In the future， the two students might 　　．

A．	pay more attention in class
B．	keep texting during class
C．	not break any rules again

（5）From the story， we know that the writer 　　．

A．	doesn't think Kyle is a good student
B．	thinks getting caught in class is worse
C．	thinks the two students might break bigger rules

It was a sunny Saturday in Oklahoma City． A proud father Bobby Lewis was taking his two boys to visit a museum． He walked up to the penson at the ticket office and said， "How much is it to gei in？"

The person replied， "3.00 for you and 3.00 for any kid who is older than six． We will let them in free if they are six or younger ，How old are they？"

Bobby replied， "One is three and the other is seven， so I guess I owe （应给）you ＄6.00. "

The person at the ticket office said，"Hey，sir，did you just win the lottery(彩票) or something? You could have saved yourself ＄3.00． I wouldn't have known the difference．" Bobby replied．" Yes， that may be true， but the kids would have known the difference．"

As Ralph Waldo Emerson said， "Who you are speaks so loudly I can't hear what you're saying．" In challenging times when ethics （伦理） are more important than ever before， make sure you set a good example for everyone you work and live with．

（1）Which place did the father with his children want to visit？ 　　

（2）What′s the price of a ticket？ 　　

（3）How old should a kid be if he or she can get in free？ 　　

（4）How much should the father pay in fact？ 　　

（5）What should we set for everyone around us？