初中英语综合型阅读理解

    I think there are several reasons that suggest developing robots is a waste of money．

    In San Diego recently ＄ 325，000 was spent on inventing a robotic squirrel to do some scientific experiments． The research proved that squirrels are able to scare away snakes by wagging （摇动） their tails． Do you need a robotic squirrel to work this out？

    What about AIBO，a robotic pet，developed in Japan？ In Japanese aibou means "buddy"． These pets have been developed at huge cost mainly to provide entertainment．They've been used in movies and music videos． Universities have used them for educational purposes．However， in 2006 the company stopped producing these robotic pets in order to save money． Was it worth a lot of money？

    Then there's NAO， a robot which has been developed by a French company．Its main purpose is to make life easier for humans． It speaks 19 languages and has its own personality．It can tell children a story， help in the classroom or the home， or act as a companion to those people who need someone to be with．A fully developed one costs ﹩16，000． Is that value for money？ Who can afford it anyway？

    There may be good reasons why it is worth developing robots， but so far I haven't thought of any．

（1）What does the underlined word "companion" in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese？　　

A．公司

B．机构

C．对手

D．伙伴

（2）What is the true fact about the robots mentioned？　　

A． The robotic squirrel is needed by every scientist to do some research．

B． AIBO wasn't made any more because it only provided entertainment．

C． A fully developed NAO may tell kids stories in different languages．

D． All the three types of robots used to be produced at a very low cost．

（3）What does the writer think of developing robots？　　

A． It can help bring people a lot of fun．

B． It has advantages in many ways．

C． It may be useful but costs too much．

D．It is worth a great deal of money．

    LIFE is AWKWARD．What should you do when your parents are embarrassing（使尴尬）you in front of your friends？Or what if you see what looks like a classmate stealing someone else's headphones？ In our social Q's column（专栏），the teenager Harper Ediger and the adult Philip Galances give their best advice to kids looking for help navigating real﹣life situations，Now it's your turn：Do you have a question about an uncomfortable social situation at school，at home，on social media or among friends？Email it to us at [e-mail] and Harper and Philip may answer it in a future issue．Please include your age and hometown．Come on，we know you have one．

    To inspire（激励）you， here are reader﹣submitted questions we've published in previous issues：

    My mom signs me up for camps and activities without asking what I want to do．I only learn what I'm doing at the last minute．I don't like that it's a surprise，and I feel that I should be able to help plan my time．How can I have more of a say？

    At my school， fourth graders need to learn different dances，then dress up for a fancy party where we ask partners to dance with us．This makes me nervous，and I'm not looking forward to it．How should I handle this situation？

    My sister is home for college break，and lucky me，she's my roommate．As I'm 12 and she's almost 19， we both want our own space．I know she doesn't mean it personally， but she always complains that she doesn't have a home， which makes me feel as if I'm intruding in my own room．Do I tell her how l feel or let it go？

（1）What should be included in your email to the social Q's column？　　

A．Name，age and social media

B．Age，school and hometown．

C．Age，hometown and questions．

D．Name，school and questions．

（2）The underlined word "say" in the passage means　　．

A．the ability to plan time

B．the chance to set up camps

C．the right to make decisions

D．the plan to enjoy activities

（3）The writer uses some published reader﹣submitted questions in order to　　．

A．show kids ways of solving problems

B．give kids examples of what to write about

C．share Harper and Philip's advice with kids

D．offer kids a chance to complain about their lives

（4）The social Q's column is designed to　　．

A．help kids deal with their troubles

B．train kids to write

C．have kids introduce themselves

D．advise kids to behave well

   A horse fair is an interesting place． There were young horses from the country， little Welsh ponies and many beautiful horses too． But there were also a lot of poor， thin horses， tired from hard work． I was very sad to see them．

    At the horse fair there was a man with a gentle voice and kind grey eyes． He offered 23 pounds for me， but they refused． Then a man with a very loud voice came． I was afraid he was going to buy me， but he walked off． Then the grey﹣eyed man came back again and said：

    "I'll give 24 for him．"

    "Done，"said the salesman．"He's a quality horse and if you want him for cab（出租马车）work，he's a bargain．"

    Half an hour later we set off for London，along country roads，until we came to that great city．There were streets to the right， and streets to the left． We went into one of the small streets， and then into a very narrow street， with small， old houses．

    My owner stopped at a house． The door opened， and a woman， a little girl and boy， came out．

    "Is he gentle， father？"

    "Yes， Dolly， as gentle as a kitten； you can pat him．"

    Dolly， the little girl， patted my shoulder without fear． It felt so good! They led me into a comfortable， clean stable， and after a delicious meal I lay down to sleep， thinking "I'm going to be very happy here"．

    My new owner's name was Jerry． His wife was called Polly and they had two children， Harry and Dolly． The next morning they came to see me． I loved it when they patted me and spoke in gentle voices．

    "Le's call him 'Jack'， after the old horse， shall we， Harry？" said Dolly．

    "Yes， let's，"said Harry．

    The first week of my life as Jack，the London cab horse was very hard． The noise and the people and the traffic on the streets scared me． But Jerry was a very good driver， and that helped a lot． Jerry soon found that I was ready to work hard and do my best， and he didn't whip（鞭打） me．

    He kept us very clean， and gave us as much food as we wanted． But the best thing was that we had Sundays of．

（1）A horse fair is a place for　　．

A． people to sell and buy horses

B． horses to learn new skills

C． people to learn to ride horses

D． horses to meet new friends

（2）What did the salesman mean by saying "he is a bargain"？　　

A． The buyer is a good driver．

B． The horse is well worth the price．

C． 'The buyer is gentle and kind．

D． The horse is as gentle as a kitten．

（3）Living and working in London with Jerry's family，"I" felt　　．

A． sad and helpless

B． challenged but satisfied

C． tired and afraid

D． curious but impatient

（4）What can be a suitable title for the passage？　　

A． The experiences of visiting a horse fair．

B． The chance of having a new owner．

C． The disadvantages of working in London．

D． The start of a London﹣cab﹣horse life．

Royal Engineers Museum                                                     Events Chinese New Year （16 Jan﹣24 Feb）     Join in as the Museum celebrates the Year of the Rat! Get creative by decorating a paper lantern or creating your own rat toys．     £2 per activity， not included in standard prices． The Soldiers as Artists （5 Feb﹣23 Jun）     Royal Engineers were also taught drawing to help make maps． The paintings and drawings on display show not only the soldiers' drawing skills but also their talent that went beyond the training they received．     Included in standard prices． Historic Headwear Hunt （19 Apr﹣26 Jul）     Discover the unusual hats， caps and helmets worn by Royal Engineers! Imagine what has happened to them over the last 300 years!     Included in standard prices． Medway in Time （7 Jul﹣31 Aug）     Following a 15﹣week Medway Adult Education course， the Museum is proud to present artworks about the area's special history and traditions．     Included in standard prices．                                                    Plan Your Visit Opening time     Tuesday﹣Sunday              10 a．m．﹣5 p．m． Standard tickets     Adult                                    £9.20             Senior Citizen（老年人）          £8.20     Child （5﹣15 ）                    £4.60             Student                                    £7.60     Family （2Ad + 2Ch）          £24.80            Serving Royal Engineers           Free How to find us     Located on Prince Arthur Road，Gillingham， Kent．     Within walking distance from Gillingham Station． Contact us     Tel： [phone]           www．re﹣muscum．co．uk/ contact

（1）Which activity can Lily join in if she visits Royal Engineers Museum on 19 Aug？　　

A． Chinese New Year．

B． The Soldiers as Artists．

C． Medway in Time．

D． Historie Headwear Hunt．

（2）Mr Brown brought his 5﹣year﹣old son to the museum and created a rat toy， how much did they pay at least？　　

A． £9.20．

B． £12.80．

C． £13.80．

D． £15.80．

（3）What can visitors do when visiting Royal Engineers Museum？　　

A． Visitors can be taught drawing and map making．

B． Visitors can buy the hats worn by Royal Engineers．

C． Visitors can explore Medway's history and traditions．

D． Visitors can call 01634 822839 for some free tickets．

Recently children have been told to buy traditional alarm clocks instead of mobile phones to wake them up in the morning． Schools will advise pupils to turn off mobile phones or iPads in the evening to have enough sleep．

    Researchers from a charity say that using internet﹣connected devices（装置）in the evening can prevent children getting more rest． Moreover， they suggest that school children should invest in a real alarm clock to make sure that they get a good night's sleep and arrive at school on time．

①_____． The result is that 40% pupils in secondary schools can now hardly get on well without these devices． About two﹣thirds of pupils have a habit of taking mobile phones to bed at night．

②______．The study also shows that girls are more likely to be attracted by mobile phones than boys， and often use the Internet to talk to friends by social networking websites， such as Facebook and Twitter． One girl aged 12 said， "I have been told that I am addicted（上瘾的）to the Internet， and prefer being online to being with other people．"

③_______．A girl of 13 told researchers， "I can't imagine if someone takes my iPad away． I walk around the house with it even though it's not turned on． I just like being with it．" Another girl added， "Sometimes I can't sleep without using the mobile phone at night．"

④______．The charity， which was set up to promote（推动）iPads in the classroom， has now given five suggestions to protect children from being affected by electronic（电子的）devices．

（1）To get a good night's sleep， school pupils are asked to buy　　．

A． iPads

B． alarm clocks

C． mobile phones

D． electronic devices

（2）The underlined words "invest in" in Paragraph（段落）2 mean　　．

A． hand out

B． hand in

C． spend time on

D． spend money on

（3）It is better to put "A study of about 3000 pupils shows that almost half feel to be controlled by electronic devices" in　　．

A． ①

B． ②

C． ③

D． ④

（4）From the passage， we can learn that　　．

A． most pupils turn off their mobile phones in the evening

B． using mobile phones can make children get more rest

C． one﹣third of pupils get used to sleeping with mobile phones

D． girls are more interested in using mobile phones than boys

（5）What will be talked about in the following paragraph？　　

A． Examples of boys．

B． More information about the charity．

C． The tips given to children．

D． Instructions about electronic devices

Watching movies is fun． Here is some information about four great movies in 2020．

Names of the movies	Actors / Actresses	Directors	More information about the movies
Leap	Gong Li，Wu Gang	Chen Kexin（China）	In this film， it tells the Chinese Women's Volleyball Teams' exciting stories and shows great team spirit to us．
Mulan	Liu Yifei，Gong Li	Nick Caro（New Zealand）	The real﹣life version（真人版）of Mulan is based on Hua Mulan in Chinese history． She goes to a war instead of her father and has become a well﹣known heroine．
Artemis Fowl	Fredia Shaw，Josh Gad	Kenneth Branagh （England）	The hero， Artemis Fowl， is a 12﹣year﹣old clever boy and criminal leader who fights against fairies（精灵） while searching for his father． The film is more suitable for children．
News of the world	Tom Harks，Neil Sandilands	Paul Greengrass （ England）	Tom Harks played the role of storyteller in the 19 century US，sending the news from one small town to another．Tom is also required to bring a 10﹣year﹣old girl back to her parents．

（1）The director of the film Leap comes from　　．

A． US

B． China

C． England

D． New Zealand

（2）How many films does Gong Li take part in？　　

A． One．

B． Two．

C． Three．

D． Four．

（3）Which is more suitable for children among the four films？　　

A． Leap．

B． Mulan．

C． Artemis Fowl．

D． News of the World．

（4）Who played the role of storyteller in the 19^th century US？　　

A． Josh Gad．

B． Tom Harks．

C． Fredia Shaw．

D． Neil Sandilands．

（5）According to the information about the movies， we can learn that　　．

A． Tom Harks is good at making up news

B． Mulan is a girl who goes to a war with his father

C． The film Leap shows us how to work together

D． Artemis Fowl is a clever boy of 10 and fights for his father

    The two boys， Tom and Huck， were very frightened because they worried about being found by Injun Joe and his friend． Through the hole in the floor， the two boys upstairs saw the men eat and talk． Then the men were tired and fell asleep． Tom and Huck lay there for a very long time． Finally， the two men woke up and lifted up a stone in the ground and took out some money they had stolen． Then Injun Joe lifted up another stone and found a box．

    "What's this？" Injun Joe asked．

    The two men pulled the box out of the ground and opened it． The two boys， Tom and Huck， could see there was much money in it． They were very excited．

    "There's thousands of dollars in the box!" said his friend．

    "It must have been left here by Murrel，" said Injun Joe．

    "What will we do with it？"

    "We'll take it to my hideout（隐匿处）．"

    "Number one or number two？"

    "Number two， under the cross．"

    Then Injun Joe and his friend saw some tools in the corner and decided to go upstairs． But the stairs broke when Injun Joe stood on them! So the two men left the house and went towards the river． Tom went home as quickly as he could．

    The next day， the two boys remembered the "Number two"， thinking this must be the number of the room in the hotel． They got all the keys they could find anywhere． But Tom discovered the door was not locked． He opened it!

﹣Adapted from The Adventure of Tom Sawyer

（1）Tom and Huck were very frightened because　　．

A． they worried about being found

B． they stole Injun Joe and his friend's money

C． Injun Joe and his friend were looking for them

D． Injun Joe and his friend wanted to talk to them

（2）Tom and Huck were very excited after they saw　　．

A． Murrel and Injun Joe

B． a box in the ground

C． Injun Joe and his friend

D． much money in the box

（3）What would Injun Joe do with the money？　　

A． He would throw it away．

B． He would hide it in the ground．

C． He would take it to his hideout．

D． He would give it to the two boys．

（4）What happened when Injun Joe stood on the stairs？　　

A． The stairs broke．

B． Another box was found．

C． He fell off the stairs．

D． He saw Tom and Huck．

（5）From the story， we can know　　．

A． Injun Joe and his friend found many works of art in the box

B． Tom followed the men when Injun Joe and his friend left the house

C． Tom thought "Number two" was the number of the room in the hotel

D． Tom opened the door of the room in the hotel with the key that he found

Looking at art should be like walking in the countryside．You may not know exactly where you are，what bird is making that strange sound， or what the hill ahead of you is called，but that's part of the fun of it．You don't need to know these things to feel the beauty of nature．

    Of course， if you do know your birds， trees and local history， a walk can be more attractive． Yet such knowledge comes slowly． It is picked up through experience．A true knowledge of nature cannot just be given to you through an app on your phone．Imagine pointing your phone at the hill and getting plenty of information on screen． Would that enrich your dreamy walk or ruin（毁灭） it？

    Braggarts enjoy an app that allows them to show off their knowledge， for example， about baroque（巴洛克风格的） paintings． In fact， apps in museums try to provide on﹣screen art history at once just to encourage people to read their phones instead of looking at paintings．

    It is a mistaken idea that you need to be spoon﹣fed（灌输） amazing facts about a work of art in order to appreciate（欣赏） it． Our first experience of a work of art should be raw（自然状态的），unguided，and a bit puzzling， like following a path in the woods． Later， you might choose to do some personal research into the work． It can further increase your enjoyment and appreciation for it． Yet it is best done when you're away from the art itself， so that even when you return， the work still feels fresh．

    Anyone who thinks knowing some dates and details makes you better understand a work of art is wrong． We all need to put aside our screens and our supposed knowledge when we look at art． Let the paintings flow in； let your intuitions（直觉） fly off． Art is a journey in the wilderness or it is nothing at all．

（1）What does the writer mainly want to say？　　

A． Art is best with the help of apps．

B． Art is best when hidden in mystery．

C． Art is nothing compared with nature．

D． Art is nothing when details and facts are known．

（2）The underlined word "braggarts" refers to（指）　　．

A． people who like showing off

B． people who like baroque paintings

C． those who are good at appreciating art

D． those who are good at painting with phones

（3）What's the main idea of Paragraph 4？　　

A． How to appreciate a work of art．

B． How to personal research into a work of art．

C． How to keep your feelings about a work of art fresh．

D． How to be spoon﹣fed amazing facts about a work of art．

（4）what can we infer（推断） from the passage？　　

A． Because of apps， art will be ruined in the future．

B． A good piece of art is usually made about nature．

C． Research work and intuitions can both help understand art．

D． Museums are not supposed to allow the use of mobile phones．

Four years ago， my mother gave birth to a brother for me when I was 10. I have learned a lot from getting along with him.

After he was born， I almost became a babysitter. I had to amuse him after school. I would make faces and sing to him when he was crying. Sometimes I even carried him everywhere in our yard to cheer him up while my parents were busy. What I liked to do best was to feed him when looking after him. How cute he was as he tasted his favorite food! My parents often praised me happily. As an elder brother， you've made contributions to looking after your younger brother.

I have got happiness from looking after my brother. When I was young， I was the only child in my family. I could get what I wanted from my parents. I was a "Little Emperor" in my family.

But now， as long as I get something good， I want to give it to my brother first. I remembered the year when he was three， he was fond of Rubik cubes（魔方）. I bought one for him with my lucky money as a birthday present. When he got it， he was so happy that he laughed， hugged me and kissed me.

Thanks for spending these years together with my family. It has taught me how to be responsible and unselfish. Not only should I look after myself， but also I should pay attention to my family.

（1）When did the writer's mother gave birth to a brother for him？　　

A. 3 years ago.

B. 4 years ago.

C. 8 years ago.

D. 10 years ago.

（2）What does the underlined word "amuse" in the second paragraph mean？　　

A. 令……开心

B. 令……生气

C. 令……讨厌

D. 开……玩笑

（3）Which of the following is NOT TRUE when looking after his younger brother？　　

A. He fed him.

B. He told stories to him.

C. He made faces and sang to him.

D. He carried him everywhere in the yard.

（4）What might you learn the passage？　　

A. Be responsible.

B. Be unselfish.

C. Be responsible and confident.

D. Be responsible and unselfish.

Like you， plants need good things like food， water， and minerals in order to grow． Usually they get these important nutrients（营养） from the rich soil（土壤） in which they're planted． But there's another way to grow plants that doesn't use soil． It's called hydrogenic gardening．

    "Hydrogenic" means "working with water． " In a hydrogenic garden， plants grow with their roots in water， not in dirt． The water is filled with special food for the plants that gardeners have carefully measured and prepared．

    Hydrogenic plants grow quickly． In ordinary gardens， plants need time and energy to grow long roots that search the soil for food and water． In a hydrogenic garden， plants can use their energy to grow tall instead． And because there is no soil， there are no weeds and few insect pests（害虫）． Gardeners don't need to spray（喷洒） plants with dangerous chemicals． Both the plants and the environment stay healthy．

    Scientists hope that， one day， hydrogenic gardens may be able to help hungry people all over the world grow enough food﹣even in countries that have bad soil， or weather that is too hot， too cold， or too dry． And astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens with them to the spaceship they fly to Mars， so that they will always have fresh vegetables， and the fun of growing a garden without dirt．

（1）What's the meaning of the underlined word "dirt" in the second paragraph？　　

A． soil

B． water

C． insect

D． food

（2）Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？　　

A． Plants need water and other nutrients to grow．

B． There are no weeds inhydrogenic gardens．

C． Hydrogenic plants cannot grow in too hot weather．

D． Astronauts hope to take hydrogenic gardens to space．

（3）What's the passage about？　　

A． Plant growing．

B． Space farming．

C． Scientific watering．

D． hydrogenic gardening．

Some bad habits are making you grow old fast．Cut down the following habits today for a more beautiful，healthier tomorrow．

    ◆Waiting for your sadness to go away

    Sadness isn't just uncomfortable；it also makes you become older fast．Take your mental（精神的）health as seriously as your physical health．If you've been fighting with your sadness for more than two weeks，be sure to find professional help．Paying no attention to your sadness or just waiting without doing anything can do harm to your mental health and make you older．

    ◆Having a cigarette or two on weekends

    If you smoke only when you are with your friends on weekends，can you keep away from the harmful effects of smoking？The answer is""．Smoking can break down your skin's elasticity（弹性）．Your smoking habit may even make your hair become gray．Changing your smoking habit is changing your life．

    ◆Having a long to do list day after day

    It's natural to have a to﹣do list in our "go，go，go" daily life．But if you're always running from one thing to the next，and caught in too much business，you are turning older fast，because your too long to﹣do list makes you tired and under lots of stress．Stress can cause heart disease high， blood pressure and other physical diseases．It can also cause mental health problems or make the problems worse and worse．

（1）请将文中划线句子翻译成汉语．　　

（2）If you can't get out of your sadness，what should you do？　　

（3）What are the harmful effects of smoking？　　

（4）List two kinds of physical diseases that can be caused by stress．　　

（5）What's the author's purpose in writing the passage？　　

    The sun was falling behind the hills．Andrea was driving back home to Brockboune．Then she saw an old lady ， standing by the toad ，with a sign saying "Brockboune" in her hand．

     Andrea stopped the car．When the old lady got in ，Andrea could see that she was not that little．She was in a long dress and had a hat pulled down low over her eyes．She put her big brown shopping bag down onto the floor．

     "Do you live in Brockboune ？" asked Andrea． "No ， dear ，" answered the old lady in a low voice ， "I'm just going to visit a friend ，but my car won't start ，so I decided to hitchhike．"

     Something in the way the lady spoke made Andrea uneasy ，Andrea secretly studied the half﹣covered face ，the shapeless body ，the arms with their thick black hairs …Thick black hairs ？ Andrea's blood froze．This wasn't a woman．It was a man !

     Her heart was beating wildly and her mind raced． Then suddenly ，an idea came up to her ，She stopped the car in a sudden． "My God !" she shouted ，"A child ! Did you see the child ？ I think I hit her !""I didn't see anything" ，the "old lady" said ，"I don't think you hit anything．""I'm sure it was a child !"shouted Andrea．"Could you just get out and have a look ？" The "old lady" slowly opened the car door ，leaving her bag inside．As soon as "she "was out of the car ，Andrea drove away as soon as possible．

     Several minutes later ，Andrea thought about the "old lady's "bag and opened it carefully．There was only one thing in it ﹣﹣﹣ a shining knife．

（1）What's the Chinese meaning of "hitchhike" in the text ？　　

（2）Please list two details that make Andrea doubt about the "old lady"．（请列举出让Andrea对"老太太"起疑的两个细节）

（1）　　

（2）　　

（3）How did Andrea get the "old lady" out of her car successfully ？（less than 25words ）（请根据短文内容回答问题，25词以内）　　

（4）．Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．（请将文中划线句子翻译成汉语，人名直接用Andrea）　　

（5）According to the story ，Andrea was　　 and　　．（请用两个形容词来评价Andrea，每空一词）

    A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices．Specifically ，the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ，high cholesterol and diabetes．

     For children ，eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes（结果）﹣it is also about developing good ones．

     In 2014， the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OECD） looked at data from nearly three﹣quarters of the world's countries．Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school．Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol（吸毒酗酒）．

    In the report ，titled "The Importance of Family Dinners （VIII） "， researchers say that "teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what's going on in their lives "． They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents ，they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol．

     Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long ﹣term physical and mental health benefits（好处）．These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks．These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive（好斗的）．

     Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents "likely provide young children with first﹣hand social interactions ，discussions of social issues（事件） and day﹣to﹣day concerns "．She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others．

（1）What can be the best title for the text ？　　

A． Benefits of eating together

B． Advantages of eating alone

C． Ways of developing social skills

D． Risks of using drugs and alcohol

（2）Children eating with their families are more likely to　　．

A． drink more sugary soft drinks

B． do well in their studies at school

C． be more socially active and aggressive

D． have a closer relationship with their parents

（3）Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph ？　　

A． To introduce her

B． To add a new point

C． To explain further

D． To provide background information

（4）From which is the text probably taken ？　　

A． A travel guide

B． A biology textbook

C． A cooking instruction

D． A science magazine

We know people can be nice，but what about animals？

       Scientists say that some animals are capable（有能力的） of being nice．Animals that live in groups﹣like foxes，chimpanzees （大猩猩），and elephants﹣follow rules．They have to followrules to get along and to survive（生存）．However，animals can act nicely，even when they don't have to． Here are some surprising stories about animal behavior．

       Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them．Marc Bekoff，a researcher at the University of Colorado，saw a female （母的）red fox do just that． The female fox was unhappy because a male（公的）fox played roughly（粗鲁地）with her．When she walked away，the male fox showed her that he wanted to play nicely．He lowered his head and rolled on his back．The female fox gave him another chance，and this time，he played more gently．

       Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania．One day，Teleki hiked far away from his campsite．He didn't have any food．Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree，but the tree was too tall． A young chimpanzee watched him curiously as he tried to get something to eat．The chimpanzee climbed the tree，picked the fruit，and gave it to him!

       An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk（象鼻子）．He needed help because he couldn't put food into his mouth．Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently．He saw the hurt elephant show his sore trunk to a healthy elephant．The healthy elephant didn't need any more information．He took a bush and put it carefully into his new friend's mouth．

       Hippos（河马）and crocodiles are usually good friends．They hang out together in rivers．But Karen Paolillo，a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe，saw something surprising．One day，a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river．A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away．Why did the hippo attack （攻击） the crocodile？ Paolillo says hippos sometimes protect other animals from crocodiles．

（1）The main idea of the passage is　　．

A．animals that live in groupe follow rules

B．some animals can be nice to other animals

C． most animals are nice to people

（2）The underlined phrase"do just that"means　　．

A．be nice

B．play roughly

C．walk away

（3）We can say that Teleki　　．

A．is short

B．hates hiking

C．could not climb the tree

（4）The elephant needed help because　　．

A．the tree was too tall

B． it could not use its trunk

C． it had no food

（5）The underlined word"it"in the last paragraph refers to　　．

A．the crocodile

B．the chimpanzee

C．the monkey

[1] In today's world， the most successful companies are the ones who understand how important it is to make contacts（联系）around the world． However， doing business in different countries isn't simple． It is important to know the local customs and traditions of the people you are dealing with， which is the best way to impress（使…印象深刻）your hosts．

[2] One example that comes to mind is of a German company that has recently tried to gain （获得）a new contract in South Korea． The German visitors arrived at the Korean company's office early in the morning and spent the whole day in long meetings． By the evening， the Germans were so tired that they politely turned down the Korean's invitation to go out for dinner and drinks， since they wanted to return to their hotel and get some rest． The Germans did not understand that in South Korea business talks often continue into the evening． The Germans only came to realize that they offended（冒犯）their hosts after they had lost the contract．

[3] In Europe or the USA， business is seldom discussed into the evening． However， it is important to be on time for a meeting． If you are ①　late　， your hosts may think you do not care． In fact， it is better to arrive at least ten minutes before the meeting starts． This way， you can show how keen（强烈的） you are to do business with them．②You will also have time to talk with your hosts before you sit down to discuss business．

[4] However， in many countries meetings may not start on time． There are many ③　reasons　for this， such as transport difficulties， unusual weather and the breakdown of cars．

Sometimes the time of day is also important． In South America and many countries in southern Europe， people have a short sleep after lunch． Therefore， if you try to arrange（安排） a meeting for

the early afternoon， you may find that not many people will ④　come　， or that your hosts will be unhappy．

（1）According to Paragraph 2，why did the Germans politely refuse the Korean's invitation to go out for dinner and drinks？ （No more than 15 words）　　

（2）What's the tradition of business talks in South Korea？ （No more than 10 words）　　

（3）Where is it common for people to have a short sleep after lunch according to Paragraph 4？（No more than 10 words）　　

（4）Fill in each blank in the passage with a proper word．

①　　②　　③　　

（5）Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．　　

（6）According to the passage， what should we pay attention to if we want to do business in different countries？ Why？ （No more than 25 words）