初中英语教育文化类阅读试题

Puberty（青春期） is the stage of life when young people leave childhood and head into adulthood． It is a difficult process（过程）for teenagers because it has an effect on both their minds and bodies． They need to understand what is going on with their bodies， how to deal with those changes and how to start taking responsibility（责任） for themselves．

A young person may begin puberty at 8， while another may not start puberty（A） ____14or 15． In general， girls start puberty two years before boys do． For both girls and boys， it is usually complete by the age of 18．

During these years， the body develops in many ways． （B） 感受也会迅速地改变

Teenage boys at this stage often begin to take unnecessary risks． Their focus is on having fun and being accepted by others． （C） Theyneed to think before they act and make good decisions for themselves．

A girl's personality often does not develop in the same way （D） _____a boy's． Teenage girls sometimes lose confidence in themselves． They are no longer （E） certainabout their own feelings． Yet they are usually afraid to tell their parents or teachers about their problems． For this reason， teenage girls should be encouraged to（F） talk aboutthings with trusted adults．

Parents， schools and communities can do a lot to care for and help young people． It is everyone's responsibility to make sure that young people grow into healthy adults．

（1）在文中（A）和（D）的空白处填入适当的单词： 　　； 　　

（2）将文中画线部分（B）译成语 　　

（3）文中画线部分（C）指代的是： 　　？

（4）写出文中画线部分（E）和（F）的同义词或近义词 　　； 　　

（5）从文中找出青春期影响青少年两个方面的名词： 　　， 　　

There is a Chinese idiom（习语） ''tao li man tian xia"， referring to （指的是）a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum（ 李子）trees．

The idiom comes from Zizhi， an official （大臣） that lived in the state of Wei（魏国） during the Spring and Autumn Period（BC770﹣BC476）． Zizhi was a knowledgeable person． He was not liked by the king at the time， so he had to leave his state． To make a living， he opened a private school and started to teach students．

As a teacher， he chose students no matter they were rich or poor． He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard． "You should become a useful person and do work to benefit society， just like when the peach and plum trees bloom（开花）and bear fruit．" he said．

Keeping these words in their minds，many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country， achieving great things． They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect（尊重） for their leather．

When Zizhi traveled around the country and saw his students and the trees they planted，he was very pleased．"My students are like peach and plum trees．They are everywhere，and they have achieved great results．"

（1）Why did Zizhi have to leave his state？ 　　

（2）How did Zizhi make a living after leaving his state？ 　　

（3）Was Zizhi pleased or angry when he saw the tree planted by his students？ 　　

（4）What kind of teacher was Zizhi？（至少写出两点） 　　

（5）What does "peach and plum trees" refer lo according to the passage？ 　　

To stop more teenagers from becoming addicted（沉迷） to the Internet， the Ministry of Education（MOE，教育部）sent a letter on April 20.2018 to all parents in China． It calls on them to pay more attention to their children's online activities． Nowadays more and more teenagers become addicted to the Internet． A 17﹣year﹣old boy from Guangdong Province nearly died after playing online games for 40 hours． It shows how bad things can get when one becomes addicted to the Internet．

The MOE also sent a notice to primary and middle schools， asking then to manage Students' Internet use． From now on． schools will pay more attention to their students' Internet use， as well as their use of mobile phones． Schools have been told to teach students how to avoid violent（暴力的） online content（内容）．As long as students show signs of being addicted to the Internet， they can get help from their teachers to give up their addiction．

To make better use of the Internet， experts suggest that students should limit（限制）their screen time to less than 1.5 hours a day． They can develop healthy hobbies， like reading or playing sports in their free time．

Many other countries are also taking action． The Australian government has called for schools to confiscate（没收）mobile phones during school hours． And in South Korea， there is a law that children under the age of 16 are not allowed to play online games between midnight and 6 am．

（1）Whom did the MOE send the letter to？ 　　

A．	Parents．
B．	Students．
C．	Schools．
D．	The government

（2）How long should a teenager use the Internet a day according to the experts？ 　　

A．	About three hours．
B．	Less than two hours．
C．	Less than one and a half hours．
D．	More than 1.5 hours．

（3）What suggestion did the experts give to the students？ 　　

A．	To leave mobile phones home before students go to school．
B．	To hand in mobile phones when students are at school．
C．	To ask for help from their teachers when students find it hard to leave online games．
D．	To develop healthy hobbies such as doing sports or reading．

（4）Which action is South Korea taking against teenagers' Internet addiction？ 　　

A．	Confiscating students' smart phones．
B．	Not allowing teenagers to play online games at night．
C．	Making a law to prevent children under 16 from playing online games during certain time．
D．	Calling on parents to manage their children's online activities．

（5）You can read this article in 　　．

A．	a novel
B．	a newspaper
C．	a fashion magazine
D．	a story book

In ancient China， it was common that the eldest son should look after the parents． But Confucius' elder brother was disabled， so Confucius （孔子） had to take care of his mother till she died in 535 BC． One of his teachings was that a person should feel or express great sadness for their parents' death for three years． The reason was that they looked after the child completely until it was three． Filial piety （孝道） is very important in Confucius' thought．

After he had finished mourning （守孝） for his mother， he began to teach and got followers around him． How many students did Confucius get？ We are not sure． It is believed that 72 of them were very famous． Some of his students came from poor families， others were from rich families． He thought everyone should have a right to receive education．

Confucius lived in a time of being unstable （不稳定的）， so many of his teachings were connected to social harmony （和谐）． He thought， in a family， parents should behave like parents， caring for the young， while children should behave like children， knowing how to look after the old． If such relationships are remained， a country will be peaceful and a family will be harmonious（和睦的）．

"Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself．"

"When one's parents are alive， one should not go far away．"

These sayings， together with many others， were beautifully written in Chinese ancient texts． They have been learned by Chinese people over the centuries．

（1）How long should a person mourn for his parents' death according to the passage？ 　　

（2）Did Confucius have only 72 students？ 　　

（3）What was Confucius' idea about receiving education？ 　　

（4）Why were many of his teachings connected to social harmony？ 　　

（5）Where were many of Confucius' sayings written？ 　　

If you are hungry， what do you do？ Have your favorite meal and stay quiet after that？ Just like your stomach， even your mind is hungry． But it never lets you know， because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover， favorite star and so on． If you always think of such meaningless things， your creativity （创造） will get a full stop．

In fact， hunger of the mind can be satisfied through reading． Now why reading but not watching TV？ Because reading is the most useful tool from the childhood． We can ask for help from reading． There are a large number of books in this world． They will answer most of your "How to？" questions． When you read a book， your mind will work on it and explain it to you．

The interesting part of the book is storedin your mind as a seed （种子）． Now this seed is used in your future to develop new ideas． If the same seed is used many times， it can help you connect a lot of things together． The more books you read， the more widely your mind will open up． This will also improve your speaking skills and increase your vocabulary （词汇）．

I had a problem in speaking English before． But as I read， I could improve it a lot． So friends， do follow me and give food for thought by reading， reading and more reading． Now what are you waiting for？ Go， find a book， and let me know．

（1）According to the writer， you can 　　if your mind is hungry．

A．	watch TV
B．	play games
C．	read books
D．	do sports

（2）The underlined word"stored"in the passage means 　　．

A．	kept
B．	told
C．	bought
D．	sold

（3）If you read more books， 　　．

A．	you will be hungrier
B．	your mind will be wider
C．	you will be richer
D．	your body will be stronger

（4）Which of the following is Right？ 　　

A．	The writer had a problem in writing English．
B．	Few books can answer"How to？"questions．
C．	Reading is the most useful tool only when people get old．
D．	Your creativity will stop if you always think of meaningless things．

（5）The best title of the passage is " 　　"．

A．	Feed your mind
B．	Choose right books
C．	Improve speaking skill
D．	Develop new ideas

Where were dominoes （多米诺骨牌） from？ Modern dominoes first showed up in Italy during the 18th century． But it is believed that the earliest dominoes were Chinese playing cards． Italian missionaries（传教士） in China may have brought the game to Europe． Do you think so？

Do you like to play with dominoes？ Dominoes are small rectangular （长方形的） pieces made of wood or plastic （塑料）． People can place dominoes in different shapes． Then， they push one domino down and the rest of the dominoes fall one by one． It is interesting to watch．

But placing dominoes is hard． To make sure the dominoes fall smoothly， the space between each domino is important． According to domino play．com， if a domino is about 4cm long， then the space between two dominoes should be 1﹣2 cm． If the space is too big， the dominoes will stop falling halfway． If the space is loo small， the dominoes will fall too quickly and won't look interesting．

Beginners can start by putting dominoes in a straight line． This is the easiest shape． Professional （专业的） players can place dominoes in many other shapes， including big circles， beautiful flowers and even famous paintings． In March， a US team broke the Guinness World Record （吉尼斯世界记录） for the most dominoes to fall in a circle． They used 250，000 dominoes! It is really unbelievable．

（1）Modem dominoes first appeared in 　　during the 18th century．

A．	China	B．
C．	Italy	D．
E．	the U．S．	F．
G．	the U．	H．

（2）Some dominoes are made of 　　．

A．	wood
B．	silk
C．	gold
D．	steel

（3）If a domino is about 4 cm long， the space between two dominoes may be 　　．

A．	less than 1 cm
B．	more than 2 cm
C．	about 1.5 cm
D．	about 4 cm

（4）It's interesting to watch dominoes falling 　　．

A．	halfway
B．	together
C．	too quickly
D．	one by one

（5）Dominoes are usually put in the shape of 　　by beginners．

A．	straight lines
B．	big circles
C．	beautiful flowers
D．	famous paintings

Once there was a man traveling in a faraway village．As he was passing the elephants，he suddenly stopped．He found that these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg．No chains，no cages．It was clear that the elephants could，at any time，break away from their ropes but for some reason，they did not．

He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didn't try to get away．'Well，'the trainer said，'when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and，at that rage，it's enough to hold them．As they grow up，they still believe they cannot break away．They believe the rope can hold them，so they never try to break free．'

How could it be？These animals could at any time break free from their ropes．But because they always stuck right where they were，they believed they couldn't．

Just like the elephants，how many of us go through life believing that we cannot do something，just because we failed at it once before？

    __________________．We should never give up the struggle in life．

根据材料内容选择正确答案．

（1）What did the writer see in the village？ 　　

A．	Chains
B．	Elephants
C．	Cages
D．	Farmers

（2）Why do the elephants never try up to break free from the ropes？ 　　

A．	Because they think they can not．
B．	Because they are too old to do it．
C．	Because they like their living places．
D．	Because they get on well with the trainer．

（3）How did the man feel after he heard what the trainer said？ 　　

A．	Moved
B．	Surprised
C．	Angry
D．	Nervous

（4）Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph？ 　　

A．	Failing is part of learning．
B．	We should be different from others．
C．	Helping animals is helping ourselves．
D．	Traveling always makes people relaxed．

（5）What is the best title for this test？ 　　

A．	Pleasant trip
B．	A Cruel Trainer
C．	Elephant Training
D．	The Elephant Rope．

Five things to do before you are 18

Camp out in the garden

Go into your garden or your friend's． Two or three friends， a small tent， sleeping bags， food and drink are necessary． When it gets dark， tell thrilling stories， play games and eat your sweets． You will need a torch or you won't be able to see sweets， and it might get a bit too scary．

Learn to swim

Seriously， this is so important that it could save your life． （ 1 ） If you can't swim ， you won't be able to do water sports． Even taking a boat trip will be dangerous．

Collect things

One of the best hobbies for under﹣18is collecting things． You could collect stamps， cinema tickets and so on． The best way to collect them is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you．

Try at least one kind of team sport

Team sports help you work well with other people． Being a good team player is an important skill in life． And （ 2 ） they can make you keep healthy and are also great fun．

Write your family tree

Get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young． Draw a family tree and make notes about．

（1） 　　

（2） 　　

Here is some advice to help you become good at a foreign language．

1．Spend the time!

The most important factor（要素）is how much time you spend with the language． The more time you spend， the faster you will learn． This doesn't mean sitting in class looking out of the windows， nor listening to other students who don't speak well． This means spending time on what you are learning﹣﹣and enjoying it．

2． ______？

Listen wherever you are． Read what you are listening to． Listen to and read things that you like， things that you can mostly understand， or even partly understand． If you keep listening and reading，you will get used to the language． One hour of listening or reading is more effective（有效的）than many hours of class time．

3．Focus on （关注）words and phrases！

Build up your vocabulary you'll need lots． Learn these words and phrases through your listening and reading． Read online， use online dictionaries， and make your own vocabulary lists for review． Soon you will see your new words and phrases elsewhere． Gradually（逐渐地），you will be able to use them．

4．Take responsibility for（对…负责任）your own learning!

Choose passages that you are interesting to you，that you want to listen to and read．Find the words and phrases that you need to understand your listening and reading．Discover the language by yourself，like a child growing up． Take when you feel like it．

5．Relax and enjoy yourself!

Do not worry about what you can't remember， or can't yet understand， or can't yet say． You are listening and improving． The language will gradually became clearer in your brain， but this will happen at a time that you cannot control．

（1）According to the writer， what does "Spend the time！"mean？

　　

（2）What is the second advice about becoming good at a foreign language？

　　

（3）How can we learn words and phrases？

　　

（4）Who can decide our learning， we ourselves or teachers？

　　

（5）If you can't yet say what you're learning． what are you advised to do？

　　

（6）What can you learn from this passage？

　　

To speak to people in a foreign language requires courage．Some people are afraid of making mistakes．（1） 　　And that's the biggest mistake of all． Now if you have courage and are ready to make a few mistakes， what will you say？

（2） 　　Finding a proper topic is half the battle．Some topics，such as the weather and news，work well． But others， such as age， money or people's look do not． The following are some ways to start a conversation．

Weather﹣It is cold today， isn't it？

News﹣（3） 　　

A conversation in a foreign language doesn't always go easily． Sometimes your partner talks too fast and you find it difficult to follow．Don't worry．You can always ask your partner to repeat what he has said or to speak more slowly． For example，"Excuse me，but could you say that again？ I didn't catch it．" or"（4） 　　"

At the end of a conversation you need to find a way to finish it in a polite way，"Well，I really need to go．" and "（5） 　　" are often used by people to end a conversation．

A． It was nice talking to you． B． They never open their mouths． C． Firstly， be willing to make mistakes． D． Could you speak more slowly， please？ E． Did you hear about that terrible forest fire？ F． First of all， you have to start a conversation．

Starting high school can be difficult． Everyone is nervous and nobody knows where to go for classes．But don't worry， because you are not alone． You are going to school with a group of students of your age．（1） 　　

Forget your fear and just talk to someone． It is easier said than done． But try to take a deep breath and find your voice． Don't be afraid to get close to people．（2） 　　Sit in the middle of the classroom with as many new friends around you as possible．

Join clubs． Take part in after school activities that interest you．（3） 　　Being in a club makes you more social． If you don't join any clubs， you will just go to class and then go home．

Stay clean． No one likes a bad smell that could knock someone over．（4） 　　You should make yourself look clean and tidy， whatever you wear．

（5） 　　Everyone has his or her own opinion of the world And everyone believes in different things． It is a good thing to have different fiends with different opinions because you each can share your own．

A． Try to make friends in the clubs．

B． Be respectful （尊重的） of people's differences．

C． And we have several suggestions for you to follow．

D． Shower every day， brush your teeth and wash your hair．

E． Introduce yourself and start a conversation with your classmates．

Computers are widely used in the world．As students，we can not only use them to relax， but also study online．Do you have any online classes？It is possible to take classes at home．All you need is a computer and an earphone．

However， most students don't seem to like online classes．Recently，over 2000 students from 10 cties took part in a survey．According to the survey，only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes．

Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes．This was true for Li Jing.15，at No.1 High School．"There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me．I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to．It's harder to always stay focused， "she said．

Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention．She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers．Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes．

Tian Lishan，14，at No.7 High School thinks online interaction（互动） isn′t enough．"The online teachers don't really get to know me．When I don't hand in homework， all I get is a short message instead of real concern， "she said．

However， online classes still have advantages．"It saves time and money compared with taking of line classes．Also， if I don't understand some part of a lesson， I can watch it over again．"Li Jing said．

（1）In the survey， 　　students like taking online classes．

A．	about 500
B．	about 600
C．	about 700
D．	about 2000

（2）Taking online classes has the following advantages 　　．

①save time

②hard to focus

③enough interaction

④save money

⑤watch lessons over again

A．	①②④
B．	②③⑤
C．	①③④
D．	①④⑤

（3）The underlined word "concern" means" 　　"in the passage．

A．	care
B．	prize
C．	stress
D．	knowledge

（4）What can we learn about according to the passage？ 　　

A．	Tan Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing．
B．	Li Jing pushes herself to communicate with teachers in online classes．
C．	Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn′t enough．
D．	Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused．

（5）The passage is mainly about 　　．

A．	what the students think of online classes
B．	where the students take online classes
C．	why the students like taking online classes
D．	how the students take online classes at home

Taking good notes is a time﹣saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways．（1） 　　Second， your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test．Third， note﹣taking helps you to hold your interest．

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report．（2） 　　Whenever or however you take notes， keep in mind that note ﹣taking is a selective （有选择性的） process．（3） 　　．

The following methods may work best for you．

●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it．

●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts．

●Write your notes in your own words．

●（4） 　　

●Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written．

As you take notes， you may want to use your own shorthand （速记）． When you do， be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time． （5） 　　

A． Use words， not complete sentences．

B． Otherwise， you may not be able to read your notes later．

C． You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes．

D． Write down what you have learned．

E． That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes．

F． First，the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it．

A 15﹣year﹣old student from Sichuan named Wei Fang was preparing a talk on Western festivals． She searched online for information and made a PowerPoint slide（幻灯片）． Zhu Hui her classmate． was doing his chemistry homework． But he couldn't work out the last problem even though he had tried his best．So he took out his smart phone opened a special app and searched for the problem． Solutions appeared on his screen after several seconds．

Like Wei and Zhu，nowadays ， many students do their homework with the help of the internet． They search for information online， or discuss with their classmates through QQ and WeChat．

"It's convenient． You don't have to wait for your teacher to explain it to you face to face． " According to Zhu． You can also learn by seeing how others work the problems out． What's more． it improves students' problem solving abilities． This is especially true for homework that requires some research work．"I am now quite skilled at finding information online， " Zhu added．

However． this trend （趋势） also causes problems． Some lazy students just copy the answers from the internet without thinking on their own． Some even let their classmates do their homework for them． And their teachers may not know this．

But knowing how to use the internet is important． The key is to have good self﹣control． When you meet a difficult problem，think about it by yourself first． Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answers after you have turned to the internet，or you won't make any progress． If you are not sure about your self﹣control，ask your parents for help．

（1）Both Wei Fang and Zhu Hui used the internet to 　　．

A．	play games
B．	search for information
C．	take exams
D．	chat with their classmates．

（2）Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the fourth paragraph？ 　　

A．	Some students only copy the answers from the internet．
B．	Some students let their classmates do homework for them．
C．	Nobody is able to finish their homework without the internet now．
D．	Some students have stopped thinking on their own．

（3）According to the passage， 　　is the key to using the internet to study．

A．	self﹣respect
B．	self﹣control
C．	self﹣confidence
D．	self﹣thinking

（4）By writing this passage． the writer wants to tell us that 　　．

A．	the internet can be a good helper if we use it properly
B．	the internet has made all students lazy
C．	it's not necessary to learn how to use the internet
D．	It's important to learn how to use the internet

Curiosity（好奇心） is part of human nature， Children are famous for wanting answers to thousands of questions． Books and TV shows often depend on curiosity． People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens． But curiosity also provides many advantages．

Learning is the easiest if you have a desire （愿望）for knowledge． Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question you want an answer to． Many of history's greatest discoveries were made by curious people． Thanks to their curiosity， people now know far more about the world and have useful technology to help them．

Even if you don' t plan to be an inventor or researcher，curiosity can still help you in the classroom．If you develop the joy of learning， classes will become more fun． And you'll be better because you will fully take part in the process of learning． Even if you're no longer a student， curiosity will make you get more information and then a better worker．

What do you do if you're not already curious？ Luckily， curiosity is a skill that can be improved． If you act like you're curious， you'll quickly start to actually feel curious．Often，the more you learn about a topic， the more interesting it becomes．

As you learn about a topic， collect information from as many sources（来源） as possible．Read different kinds of books， listen to talks and ask questions． Don't always get your information from the same source． Instead， learn to appreciate （欣赏）facts that different people know and the different opinions that they express． Ask a lot of questions． Remember， everyone knows something that you don't． Find out what that is， and ask about it． This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge．

In the classroom or out of it， developing curiosity is sure to be valuable．

（1）According to the passage， curiosity 　　．

A．	is the only part of human nature
B．	depends on books and TV shows
C．	can' t create the desire for answers
D．	may lead to many great discoveries

（2）Without curiosity， 　　．

A．	students may become less interested in classes
B．	people will know more about the world
C．	people can still become better workers
D．	students can't improve it again

（3）When you learn about a topic，you'd better 　　．

A． just learn from different people

B． argue with others

C． collect information from different sources

D． only read different kinds of books

（4）In the passage， curiosity is a 　　．

A．	new discovery
B．	natural ability
C．	great Invention
D．	famous creation

（5）What does the writer mainly want us to do after reading the passage？ 　　

A．	To make others happy．
B．	To show off our knowledge
C．	To develop our curiosity．
D．	To become an inventor or researcher．