初中英语说明文试题

A greeting is a way of saying “Hello” to someone．People in different countries greet each other in different ways．Here are some．

World Greetings

Philippines	The everyday greeting for friends is a handshake for both men and women．Men sometimes pat each other on the back．
Japan	When people meet for the first time, they usually bow．In business, people also shake hands．In formal situations, people often exchange business cards．When you give a business card, give it with two hands．This is polite．Special note: In Japan, a smile can have different meanings．It usually means that the person is happy, or that the person thinks something is funny．But it can also mean that the person is embarrassed．
New Zealand	Usually, both men and women shake hands when they meet someone for the first time． Fun fact: If you see two people pressing their noses together, they are probably Maori．The Maori are the native（当地的）people of New Zealand．This is their traditional greeting．
Brazil	Men often shake hands when they meet for the first time． When women meet, they kiss each other on the cheek．Women also kiss male friends to say hello． When you shake hands, look at the person in the eyes．This shows interest and friendliness．

In which country do men sometimes pat each other on the back?

A．Philippines

B．Brazil

C．Japan

D．New Zealand

In this passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned（提及）?

A．Kisses

B．Hugs

C．Bows

D．Handshakes

Of the five pictures above （a, b, c, d and e）, which is the same way to greet each other in the four countries?

A．a

B．b

C．c

D．d

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Both men and women shake hands in Brazil when they meet．

B．Japanese won’t smile until they feel very happy．

C．The Maori often press their noses together to greet each other．

D．In Philippines, people shake hands only when they meet for the first time．

What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the passage?

A．Different ways of greetings．

B．Four countries．

C．Some fun facts．

D．Some special notes．

Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years, and today it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world．Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee．They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way．So they say a cup of coffee is necessary for them in the morning．
Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains active? It is caffeine（咖啡因）．Caffeine may increase a person’s mental and physical abilities（精力和体力）．For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment  body temperature．All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous．
Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods．A little caffeine is probably not harmful．But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless．
The underlined word “augment” means ___________ ．

A．make more

B．drink

C．stop

D．make less

From this passage, we may know that drinking a cup of coffee late at night might ______ ．

A．give you a headache	B．make you fall asleep
C．keep you awake	D．may be dangerous

Caffeine is found in ___________ ．

A．tea and water

B．chocolate, meat and some other foods

C．coffee and cream

D．coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Coffee has been a part of people’s lives for thousands of years

B．Caffeine does no harm to our body．

C．Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature．

D．Caffeine may increase human’s mental and physical abilites．

A good title for this passage is ___________ ．

A．Coffee Is Harmful	B．Coffee and Tea
C．Caffeine and Health	D．Caffeine Is Useful

In order to reduce the stress on the students， Nanjing No． 1High School has（1）　　a "mark bank"．The bank lets students "borrow" marks（2）　　they can pass exams， and then repay them in later tests．

    Here's（3）　　it works： The "mark bank" allows students to（4）　　marks if they fail the exam． But， just like real banks， it requires "clients （客户）" to pay back the loan （贷款） on time， with interest （利息）． So students have to pay for the loan by getting extra marks in future exams． Some teachers also allow the students to repay the bank（5）　　doing lab experiments or giving public speeches． Students who don't pay back their loans are blacklisted （列入黑名单） by the bank， just like in real life．

    "I was sick before the mid﹣term exams and missed several geography classes，" one student said， "I failed the exam， so I am glad the ‘mark bank' gave me a （6）　　to pass the exam．"

    （7）　　many people think the "mark bank" is a great idea， not（8）　　supports the idea． Education expert Xiong Bingqi， for example， believes（9）　　the "mark bank" is not proper， but thinks that it takes stress off the students． Others think that such an idea just causes students to be（10）　　in their studies．

（1）A． built	B． created	C． developed
（2）A． so that	B． if	C． when
（3）A． why	B． what	C．how
（4）A． borrow	B． lend	C． buy
（5）A． in	B． by	C．on
（6）A． place	B． time	C． chance
（7）A． Though	B． But	C． Because
（8）A． someone	B． everyone	C． anyone
（9）A． that	B． which	C．whether
（10）A． busier	B． smarter	C． lazier

On April 23.2019，a series of events to celebrate

the （1） 　　anniversary of the Chinese People's Liberation Army（PLA）Nay（中国人民海军）was held in Qingdao．

Destroyers（驱逐舰） sailed in the sea， submarines（潜艇） slid under the surface and fighter jets flew across the sky． It wasn't a scene from a war movie， indeed， it was a real grand naval parade．

As a large country （2） 　　more than 18，000 kilometers of coastline， China needs a strong navy． This was a hard lesson（3） 　　by history． According to Xinhua， from the 1850s until 1949．foreign forces used the sea to make about 470 invasions of China． Therefore， the PLA Navy has become a key line of the nation's defense．

As President Xi Jinping said， the oceans are of great significance as they sustain life and connect the world． "The blue planet that humans inhabit is not divided into islands by the oceans．（4） 　　is connected by the oceans to form a community with a shared future， where people of all countries share weal and woe，"said Xi during his （5） 　　at the event．

（1）A．seventy	B． seventieth	C． seventith	D．seventeen
（2）A．has	B． have	C． with	D． of
（3）A．teach	B． taught	C． learn	D． learned
（4）A．But	B． and	C．or	D． with
（5）A．speak	B． talk	C． chat	D． speech

阅读理解
There are trains to carry people，trains to carry animals or carry things．There are fast trains and slow ones．Some trains go through hills．In big cities，the streets are usually very busy．So you can find trains under the ground．they carry people quickly in and out of the big cities．Can a train run over the water？Yes，it can．There are many bridges over the rivers．The trains can easily run over the water．But it is not easy to build the bridges．Today’s trains have dining rooms for people．You may eat something in them on the way if you are hungry．Trains are useful to men，women and children．Many children have model trains．With the model trains they can build their own rails(铁轨) and enjoy the wonderful world of trains．
There are all kinds of trains．Here " all kinds of trains" means ________．

A．fast trains and slow trains

B．many different kinds of trains

C．trains to go through hills

D．trains to carry people

The trains carry people in and out of the big cities under the ground because ________．

A．the streets are very busy

B．the cities are big

C．the trains have dining rooms

D．the cities are too small

If you are hungry，you may go to ________ of the train to have something to eat when you are traveling by train．

A．some rooms

B．some shops

C．the dining room

D．the station

It’s ________ for trains to run over the water but ________to build bridges．

A．easy；easy

B．easily；not easy

C．difficult；easily

D．easy；difficult

Which of the following is WRONG？

A．There are dining rooms in trains．

B．There are fast trains and slow trains．

C．The trains can only carry people．

D．We can see trains under the ground．

Do you know something about the holiday camps(野营) in Hong Kong？The students in Hong Kong used to take part in an English holiday camp in their holidays. And their parents weren’t with them, though they were very young.
Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents. Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to learn some practical knowledge in their life, and also learn some knowledge about living skills, science ,reading and writing… The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.
Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive. Most of the families can afford to send their children there for further study, for making their bodies strong…And the government never charges(收费) them.
It is said that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things. Perhaps it has something to do with the kinds of holiday camps.
Students in Hong Kong used to take part in the       .

A．holiday camps

B．English holiday camps

C．science holiday camps

D．Chinese holiday camps

When students in Hong Kong are in the holidays camps, their parents        .

A．must be with them

B．have to pay a lot of money

C．must stay at home

D．aren’t with them

The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps in Hong Kong is          .

A．to learn some foreign languages

B．to learn much knowledge about many things

C．to learn to look after themselves

D．to have further study about many subjects

The cost(费用) to take part in a holiday camp is        .

A．very expensive

B．not so cheap

C．very high

D．very low

The students who often take part in holiday camps     .

A．must have much knowledge about many things

B．must be very tall

C．must be very thin(瘦)

D．must be very cool

As a police artist， Joe Brown draws pictures of suspects（嫌疑犯 ）when people tell him about the （1） 　　of each suspect． Then， the police put the pictures in newspapers and on television to help （2） 　　the suspects．

His job is interesting but not （3） 　　， because different people describe the same person differently and sometimes many people don't have good（4） 　　，especially the old． "The suspect is of medium height and young． He has long straight brown hair and big eyes， " an old woman says， Another woman says，"He's tall and thin with blonde hair． He's about thirty years old．"In the end． the real （5） 　　is a short heavy man and he has short brown hair．

（1）A． act	B． personality	C．appearance
（2）A． remember	B． find	C．describe
（3）A． easy	B． exciting	C．useful
（4）A． expressions	B．methods	C． memories
（5）A． artist	B． criminal	C． policeman

任务型阅读（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
圣诞节就要到了。请根据希望小学学生们的述说，给他们寄去一份合适的礼物吧。请仔细阅读1---5个小题，从A，B，C，D中找出相应的圣诞礼物。

David Beckham is my idol (偶像). I like soccer. I want to be a soccer player like him.
I like running, but my shoes are broken (破的).I want a new pair of shoes.
It’s very cold (冷) now. But I have no sweaters. My parents can’t buy one for me.
The students want to learn English well. They need _________.
I’m in Grade 6. There are many books, but I don’t have a schoolbag.

Water is the most common substance(物质) found on the earth, but less than 1% of the earth’s water is suitable for drinking. More than 1,000,000,000 people around the world survive on just over 1 galon of water a day. Probebly more than 3,000,000,000 people may suffer from not having enough water by the year 2025. You are considered lucky if you live in a country where you can drink water out of your kitchen tap or bathroom tap. People in some countries have to pay for drinking water at home. So clean water is one of our most valuabe natural resources(资源).
In fact, peole waste(浪费) so much clean water today. In factories lots of water is wasted. At home many people are not taking showers but still baths, and many are brushing their teeth with the tap turned on. Children are no longer taught how to save water….
You can save clean water in many ways. For example, if you keep gold fish, the tank water excellent for graden plants. And when you wash a milk bottle, pour the water on your house plants. Putting a brick or a water into your toilet tank many help use less water, saving many gallons over a long time.
Using rainwater is another simple way to save clean water. You can use rainwater to wash your hands after gardening, flush the toilet, and wash your car, your pet, your driveway when they are dirty.
For the same reason, people in Malaysia are encourageed to use rainwater. If one has a house with a small garden, he would buy a huge plastic tank to keep rainwater for their daily life.
We can learn from the passage ______.

A．when man can’t live without water

B．where there is no water resource

C．why there is less water on the earth

D．how important it is to save water

According to the passage, one of the ways to save water is _______.

A．to stop keeping gold fish

B．to pay much for drinking water

C．to use it in a clever way

D．to educate those who waste water

The underlined word “flush” in Paragraph 4 means “_______”.

A．clean something with water

B．pour water over something

C．make somehting wet with water

D．get water out of someghing

People are ecouraged to use rainwater _______.

A．so that is can make our life easier

B．so that clean water can be kept for other uses

C．because is it free and easy to get

D．because there is no claen water left for them

What’s the strongest part of your body? Your head? Bones? It’s your teeth. There is a special thing called enamel（牙釉质）in teeth. It is the hardest thing in the human body and keeps bacteria（细菌）away. However, teeth are hurt easily to problems and disease. September 20 is National Teeth-loving Day in China. Let’s pay attention to the health of our teeth.
Teeth problems are common around the world. Most children and young adults have tooth decay（龋齿）. A study which come out on China Health Monthly magazine this year showed that 40.74% of a sample（抽样）of 1,306 Chinese students under age 15 has decayed teeth.
Food that is rich in sugar increases the risk of tooth decay. After you eat, bacteria go crazy over the sugar on your teeth. The bacteria turn sugar into acids that eat away at tooth enamel. This causes holes in your teeth.
Another common problem is crooked teeth（龅牙）. When your new teeth begin to grow and the old teeth haven’t fallen out, there isn’t enough space for the new ones. This causes crooked teeth.
Don’t worry. Here are some ways to keep your teeth healthy.
◆Brush at least twice a day in the morning and in the evening.
◆Learn to use dental floss(牙线). The floss gets rid of food that’s hidden where your toothbrush can’t get it.
◆Visit a dentist. He or she can check if you have any dental problems and help you clean your teeth.
◆Pay attention to what you eat. It’s better to eat lots of fruit and vegetables instead of fries and drink water instead of soda.
◆Wear braces(牙套) to make your teeth straight and beautiful.
What’s the strongest part in the human body according to the passage?

A．Bones.	B．Teeth.
C．Head.	D．Bactria.

When is National Teeth-loving Day in China?

A．September 30.	B．October 20.
C．September 20.	D．June 5.

Crooked teeth refer to（指的是） _________.

A．decayed teeth	B．the old teeth
C．the fallen teeth	D．the new teeth

Which of the following is NOT true about decayed teeth?

A．Once you eat sugar, you must have decayed teeth.

B．Bacteria become strong over the sugar on your teeth.

C．Bacteria can turn sugar into acids that eat away at tooth enamel.

D．If you have decayed teeth, there may be holes in those teeth.

Which of the following is NOT a good way to keep teeth healthy?

A．Make your teeth straight with braces.

B．Brush your teeth twice a day or more.

C．Eat much fries or drink much soda.

D．See a dentist if you have dental problems.

The lion dance is part of traditional Chinese culture.People often perform in the night before the Chinese New Year.They （1） 　 　perform it for other happy occasions.People think the lion dance can（2） 　 　good luck and success.

There are many different stories （3） 　 　 how the lion dance began.One of them is like this：Hundreds of years ago，a monster called Nian came to a village in China.The villagers were（4） 　 　 .A lion chased Nian away.A year later，Nian came back again，but this time the lion couldn't（5） 　 　 .So the villagers made a "lion" by themselves.Their "lion"danced，jumped and chased Nian away.For this （6） 　 　 ，people began to perform the lion dance before the Spring Festival to chase bad luck away.

There are （7） 　 　different kinds of lion dances.In the southern lion dance，the dancers （8） 　 　hard to perform like a real lion.Their "lion" may shake its body.The dance can be funny.The（9） 　 　kind is the northern lion dance.It has more martial art skills like rolling，leaping and jumping.Both kinds are very interesting to watch，but it takes a lot of

（10） 　 　to perform well.

（1）A.still	B.also	C.almost	D.just
（2）A.bring	B.leave	C.find	D.keep
（3）A.in	B.wit	C.about	D.over
（4）A.excited	B.bored	C.relaxed	D.scared
（5）A.help	B.agree	C.visit	D.refuse
（6）A.story	B.reason	C.event	D.mistake
（7）A .two	B.three	C.four	D.five
（8）A.watch	B.fight	C.catch	D.try
（9）A.other	B.same	C.only	D.simple
（10）A.luck	B.advice	C.practice	D.hope

The junior high school graduates（毕业生） have to take a P．E． test in many places around China． The full marks are（1）　　 forty﹣five points， but by this year， the number rises to sixty! And it means （2）　　 in the senior high school entrance exam（中考）．

    Usually， the test is held in May or June every year． Students of Grade 9（3）　　 test in their own schools． Each student is tested on three sports． They can choose long jump， basketball dribbling （运球）（4）　　 skipping． The pull﹣up （引体向上） is for boys， and girls can choose the sit﹣up（仰卧起坐）．（5）　　boys and girls must run 50 meters．

    Some students find the test is（6）　　and they get full marks． Students of Grade 9 usually do lots （7）　　 practice in P．E． classes． The training makes the test easier than it seems to be．

    Students don't have to （8）　　a lot for the test． But in P．E（9）　　， they still run a lot． Most teachers and parents welcome the P．E． test． They say it helps students（10）　　their health．

（1）A．never	B． very	C． seldom	D． usually
（2）A． little	B． less	C． much	D． most
（3）A．has	B． have	C． had	D． having
（4）A．or	B． then	C． but	D． so
（5）A． Either	B． None	C． Both	D． Neither
（6）A． easy	B． easier	C． difficult	D． more difficult
（7）A．in	B． at	C． of	D． to
（8）A． runs	B． running	C． ran	D． run
（9）A． classes	B． class	C． test	D． tests
（10）A． built in	B． build up	C． built up	D． building up

What will the future world be like？ Many people are glad to give their （1）　　．Here are two imaginations about the world of （2）　　． When people talk about the future， we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car． We would fly at 480kilometres per hour， avoiding traffic lights，（3）　　roads and speeding tickets．（4）　　，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars． One big problem is： what will happen if the flying cars （5）　　？ Then there will be problems with traffic control． Also， if（6）　　become popular， there will surely be too much air traffic．（7）　　it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground!．Imagine you have your own Ironman （8）　　． Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton"． This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement． It will（9）　　the wearer to lift heavy objects， walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is（10）　　in many ways， especially for people with disabilities． This suit might help people to walk again after（11）　　or injury（受伤）．But the disadvantage at the moment is the（12）　　． Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds． Another problem is battery life． A suit like this needs a lot of（13）　　and batteries only last about 15minutes at the moment． One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer． You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲） suit could（14）　　the wrong way． car above our heads，

    So in the future，（15）　　we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible．

（1）A． suggestions	B． instructions	C． opinions	D． reasons
（2）A． past	B． yesterday	C． present	D． tomorrow
（3）A． empty	B． wide	C． busy	D． dirty
（4）A． Moreover	B． Instead	C． In fact	D． However
（5）A． put down	B． break down	C． write down	D． calm down
（6）A． they	B． you	C． we	D．I
（7）A． And	B． But	C． So	D． or
（8）A． gloves	B． suit	C． helmet	D． shoes
（9）A． ask	B． wish	C． invite	D． allow
（10）A． beautiful	B． peaceful	C． colorful	D． useful
（11）A． disease	B． holiday	C． work	D．party
（12）A． quality	B． price	C． need	D． number
（13）A． chances	B． power	C． rest	D． experience
（14）A． hurt	B． attract	C． protect	D． attack
（15）A． whether	B． unless	C． although	D． until

Can you get free plastic bags from supermarkets now？ I'm afraid you can't． Things have changed．

Free plastic bags can' t be used at shops and supermarkets in China， and people have to pay for plastic bags． Because our country tried to make litter（1） 　　．

The Chinese once used about 3， 000， 000，000 plastic shopping bags a day． They are（2） 　　to break， most of them can be used only once． And some people throw them away here and there， they have caused pollution for the environment． If they are burnt， they may cause bigger troubles． For example， they may cause illness for us． So the Chinese people（3） 　　to bring their own bags for shopping． Some students come up with a good idea． They make the shopping bags by （4） 　　． They use old clothes to make cloth bags， and send them to their parents as presents． They also ask their parents and friends to use cloth bags instead． They think it is their（5） 　　to protect the environment．

（1）A． fewer	B． more	C． less	D． better
（2）A． hard	B． easy	C． difficult	D． strong
（3）A． are encouraged	B． encourage	C． are invited	D． invite
（4）A． them	B． themselves	C． him	D． himself
（5）A． ability	B． change	C． chance	D． duty

阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题, 并将最佳答案填入下列方框内。

direct /dI'rekt/ adj.,v. ▪ adj. with nothing or nobody in between; immediate. ▪ v. to tell or show sb how to get somewhere. Can you direct me to the bus station? direction /dI'rekʃn/ n. way that a person moves or faces.

striker /straIk/ n., v. ▪ n. stopping of work by workers because of a disagreement. ▪ v. (pt, pp: struck /strʌk/) hit (sb/sth) The stone struck me on the head.

sudden /'sʌdn/ adj. happening, coming or done quickly. ◇ The driver made a sudden turn in the road. suddenly/'sʌdənli/ adv. quickly ◇ He went to America suddenly.

valuable /'væljuəbl/ adj. very useful or important. Don’t waste any valuable time. value/' vælju:/ n., v.

 
阅读以上词条，选择最佳答案。
Which of the following words is the first in alphabetical(字母的) order in a dictionary?

A．strike

B．direct

C．sudden

D．valuable

The pronunciation of the word “sudden” is         .

A．/straIk/	B．/dI'rekt/
C．/'sʌdn/	D．/ 'væljuəbl/

What’s the past form of the word “strike”?

A．strike

B．striked

C．struck

D．striking

Which sentence is wrong after learning these words in the dictionary?

A．The ball struck me on the nose.

B．We direct the old man to the park.

C．The car stopped suddenly.

D．The time is value.

What are the Chinese meanings of the words “strike”, “direct”, “sudden”, and “valuable”?

A．击打；指引；突然的；有价值的

B．指引；击打；有价值的；突然的

C．突然的；有价值的；击打；指引

D．指引；突然的；击打；有价值的